741 research outputs found
Social support, social control and health behavior change in spouses
Our work on support processes in intimate relationships has focused on how partners in committed relationships help one another contend with personal difficulties, and how partners elicit and provide support in their day-to-day interactions. We are particularly interested in how these support skills relate to marital outcomes (Pasch & Bradbury, 1998; Pasch, Harris, Sullivan, & Bradbury, 2004; Sullivan, Pasch, Eldridge, & Bradbury, 1998) and how they relate to behavior change in spouses (Sullivan, Pasch, Johnson, & Bradbury, 2006), especially health behavior changes. In this chapter, we review research examining the effects of social support and social control on spouses\u27 health behaviors, propose a theory to account for discrepancies in these findings, and report initial data examining the usefulness of this theory in understanding the relationship between social support, social control, and partner health behavior
Physical aggression, compromised social support, and 10-year marital outcomes: Testing a relational spillover model
The purpose of the present study was to test a relational spillover model of physical aggression whereby physical aggression affects marital outcomes due to its effects on how spouses ask for and provide support to one another. Newlywed couples (n = 172) reported levels of physical aggression over the past year and engaged in interactions designed to elicit social support; marital adjustment, and stability were assessed periodically over the first 10 years of marriage. Multilevel modeling revealed that negative support behavior mediated the relationship between physical aggression and 10-year marital adjustment levels whereas positive support behavior mediated the relationship between physical aggression and divorce status. These findings emphasize the need to look beyond conflict when explaining how aggression affects relationships and when working with couples with a history of physical aggression who are seeking to improve their relationships
Perioperative Strategien zur Regulierung des Sympathikotonus
Zusammenfassung: Obwohl fĂŒr verschiedene therapeutische Konzepte zur Verminderung der kardialen perioperativen MorbiditĂ€t und MortalitĂ€t zunehmend Evidenz vorliegt, bleibt die tatsĂ€chliche Umsetzung solcher Konzepte im klinischen Alltag oft aus. Zwar ist einem groĂen Teil der klinisch tĂ€tigen Ărzte die wachsende Literatur bekannt; dieses Wissen wird aber nur in einem Teil der FĂ€lle angewendet, selbst wenn allgemein akzeptierte Indikationen bestehen. Die vorliegende Ăbersichtsarbeit hat deshalb zum Ziel, die GrĂŒnde fĂŒr die mangelnde Umsetzung aufzuzeigen und nochmals die wesentlichen Grundlagen sowie die klinische Bedeutung einzelner Strategien einschlieĂlich des α2-Agonismus, der ÎČ-adrenergen Blockade und der RegionalanĂ€sthesien zusammenzufassen. Dies insbesondere im Hinblick auf die klinische Anwendung dieser Konzepte in einem allgemeinanĂ€sthesiologischen Umfeld. Zudem wird ein Ausblick in die auf "gene profiling" basierende individualisierte Pharmakotherapie der perioperativen Medizin von morgen gegebe
Predictors of participation in premarital prevention programs: The health belief model and social norms
The development of effective programs to prevent marital dysfunction has been a recent focus for marital researchers, but the effective dissemination of these programs to engaged couples has received relatively little attention. The purpose of this study is to determine which factors predict couples\u27 participation in premarital counseling. Predictive factors were derived from the health prevention literature, with a particular focus on the health belief model (HBM). Couples\u27 beliefs and attitudes about premarital counseling were assessed at least six months before their wedding, and participation was assessed after their wedding. Results indicate that the strongest predictors of couples\u27 participation were couples\u27 perceptions of barriers to counseling and whether they had counseling recommended to them. These variables predicted participation even after controlling for important demographic variables. Recommendations for recruiting engaged couples for premarital counseling are made based on the findings
Responses to intimate partnersâ attempts to change health behavior: The role of readiness
Intimate partners seeking to influence one anotherâs health may do so by providing support for positive health behavior and attempting to change negative health behavior (social control). Research findings examining the effectiveness of intimate partnersâ attempts to influence health behavior are mixed however, and the purpose of the present research is to examine individualsâ responses to hypothetical health behavior influence attempts by an intimate partner. Specifically, we examine the role of readiness to change, cognitive appraisals, and affective responses to partner change attempts. Undergraduate students (n = 185) who reported infrequent exercise or unhealthy eating habits were asked to respond to a variety of tactics an intimate partner might use to try to change their health behavior. In the first phase of the study, we examine a model wherein individualsâ readiness to change influences their perceptions of, and affective reactions to, attempts to influence health behavior and the subsequent likelihood of making a behavioral change. In Phase 2, we use a within-subjects experimental design to simulate changes in readiness and assess resulting changes to affective and perceptual responses to a variety of hypothetical support and control attempts by an intimate partner. The findings indicate that a comprehensive model that includes readiness to change more fully accounts for variance in how individuals respond to partnersâ change attempts. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed
On the theory of Gordan-Noether on homogeneous forms with zero Hessian (Improved version)
We give a detailed proof for Gordan-Noether's results in "Ueber die
algebraischen Formen, deren Hesse'sche Determinante identisch verschwindet"
published in 1876 in Mathematische Annahlen. C. Lossen has written a paper in a
similar direction as the present paper, but did not provide a proof for every
result. In our paper, every result is proved. Furthermore, our paper is
independent of Lossen's paper and includes a considerable number of new
observations.
An earlier version of this paper has been printed in Proceedings of the
School of Science of Tokai University, Vol.49, Mar. 2014. In this version, a
serious error has been corrected and some new results have been added
Anaesthetics and cardiac preconditioning. Part I. Signalling and cytoprotective mechanisms
Cardiac preconditioning represents the most potent and consistently reproducible method of rescuing heart tissue from undergoing irreversible ischaemic damage. Major milestones regarding the elucidation of this phenomenon have been passed in the last two decades. The signalling and amplification cascades from the preconditioning stimulus, be it ischaemic or pharmacological, to the putative endâeffectors, including the mechanisms involved in cellular protection, are discussed in this review. Volatile anaesthetics and opioids effectively elicit pharmacological preconditioning. Anaestheticâinduced preconditioning and ischaemic preconditioning share many fundamental steps, including activation of Gâproteinâcoupled receptors, multiple protein kinases and ATPâsensitive potassium channels (KATP channels). Volatile anaesthetics prime the activation of the sarcolemmal and mitochondrial KATP channels, the putative endâeffectors of preconditioning, by stimulation of adenosine receptors and subsequent activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and by increased formation of nitric oxide and free oxygen radicals. In the case of desflurane, stimulation of αâ and ÎČâadrenergic receptors may also be of importance. Similarly, opioids activate ÎŽâ and Îșâopioid receptors, and this also leads to PKC activation. Activated PKC acts as an amplifier of the preconditioning stimulus and stabilizes, by phosphorylation, the open state of the mitochondrial KATP channel (the main endâeffector in anaesthetic preconditioning) and the sarcolemmal KATP channel. The opening of KATP channels ultimately elicits cytoprotection by decreasing cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 551-6
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