Comparative cytogenetic within Achillea genus (Asteraceae) in Iran : I. chromosome number and morphology

The cytological features including chromosome numbers and detailed chromosome measurements of 46 populations of ten Achillea species (A. aleppica, A. bibersteinii, A. eriophora, A. filipendula, A. millefolium, A. nobilis, A. pachycephala, A. tenuifolia, A. vermicularis, and A. wilhelmsii) were reported from Iran. Sample plants and seeds were collected from diff erent geographical regions of Iran. Total chromosome length, long/ short arm ratio, centromere index, total form percentage, inter and intra-chromosomal index, diff erent relative lengths of the mitotic chromosomes were calculated. The populations showed one basic chromosome number x = 9 with two ploidy levels (2x and 4x). The chromosome numbers of A. filipendula, A. nobilis and A. pachycephala, for the first time are new to science and new ploidy levels are reported for A. biebersteinii (4x) and A. wilhelmsii (2x). The mean of chromosome length ranged from 3.8 μm in A. millefolium from Semnan, Chasham, Sirat to 6.37 μm in A. nobilis from Golestan, Agh Emam. Karyotype analysis indicated that chromosomes of Achillea taxa have predominantly median and sub-median centromeres. Several karyological aspects of these taxa are discussed in the light of the cytogenetic data

Effects of midwivies’ emotional support on clinical delivery trend

حاملگی و به ویژه زایمان با توجه به اثرات طولانی مدت که در زندگی زنان دارد، واقعه ای مهم تلقی گردیده و از دیرباز مورد تعمق و بررسی بوده است. بر همین اساس لزوم بررسی هایی در شیوه های مراقبتی در این زمان مطرح گردیده است، تا با ایجاد شرایطی مطلوب تر، این امر تحقق یابد. پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه نیمه تجربی بوده است که در طی انجام پژوهش 94 نفر از زنان باردار مراجعه کننده به زایشگاه مورد نظر با توجه به داشتن شرایط ورود به مطالعه انتخاب و سپس به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه مراقبت معمول (شاهد) و مراقبت تحت مداخله (مورد) تقسیم بندی گردیدند. اطلاعات با استفاده از چک لیست و از طریق مصاحبه، پرسشگری و مشاهده و اندازه گیری جمع آوری گردید. اطلاعات به دست آمده با استفاده از آزمونهای آماری توصیفی و استنباطی و با نرم افزار کامپیوتری اس.پی.اس.اس مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که با تامین نیازهای عاطفی مددجویان حداقل طول مدت فاز فعال زایمان در گروه تحت مراقبت مداخله ای 120 دقیقه و در گروه شاهد 200 دقیقه بوده است و حداکثر طول مدت مرحله دوم زایمان در گروه مورد 45 دقیقه و در گروه شاهد 90 دقیقه بوده است. و با توجه به بررسی انتظارات مددجویان از عامل زایمانی، رفتارهای حمایتی مهمترین مسئله مورد توجه اکثریت واحدهای مورد پژوهش در دو گروه بوده است که با توجه به انجام آزمونهای آماری نیز مورد تایید قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان می دهد که زنان در جریان زایمان نیاز به حمایتهای عاطفی دارند و با اعمـــــال رفتارهای حمایتی طول مدت زایمان کوتاهتر می گردد

Expression of miR-302 in human embryo derived from in-vitro matured oocyte

Background: The expression of miR-302 over the period of early embryogenesis could possibly regulate the maternal transcript clearance. Zygotic transcription activation is mostly related to maternal messages degradation. Objective: In this study, the effects of in-vitro maturation technique (IVM) on the expression of miR-302 in human embryo produced from immature and mature human oocytes (matured in vitro and in vivo, before sperm exposure) obtained from females under gonadotrophin therapy were evaluated for assisted reproduction. Materials and Methods: Immature oocytes were cultured in vitro. The injection of oocytes-producing polar bodies was given using fresh sperm. Then, the embryo quality score was assessed in the IVM group compared with the control group. In both the groups, embryos with normal morphology were included in the molecular study. Only one blastomere was removed from three-day embryos and then the embryos were frozen. The expression of miR-302 in embryos was measured through quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction. Results: Our data showed a significant reduction of miR-302 expression in the IVM group vs. the control group (p = 0.02). The embryo quality score showed a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the IVM process had a negative effect on the expression level of miR-302 in human pre-implantation embryos. Considering the major role of expression miR-302, a reduced potential in miR-302 expression could be related to a decrease in the early embryonic development

Childhood Physical Abnormalities following Paternal Exposure to Sulfur Mustard Gas in Iran: a Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND:Mustard gas, a known chemical weapon, was used during the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-1988. We aimed to determine if exposure to mustard gas among men was significantly associated with abnormalities and disorders among progenies.METHODS:Using a case-control design, we identified all progenies of Sardasht men (exposed group, n = 498), who were born at least nine months after the exposure, compared to age-matched controls in Rabat, a nearby city (non-exposed group, n = 689). We conducted a thorough medical history, physical examination, and appropriate paraclinical studies to detect any physical abnormality and/or disorder. Given the presence of correlated data, we applied Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) multivariable models to determine associations.RESULTS:The overall frequency of detected physical abnormalities and disorders was significantly higher in the exposed group (19% vs. 11%, Odds Ratio [OR] 1.93, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.37-2.72, P = 0.0002). This was consistent across sexes. Congenital anomalies (OR 3.54, 95% CI, 1.58-7.93, P = 0.002) and asthma (OR, 3.12, 95% CI, 1.43-6.80, P = 0.004) were most commonly associated with exposure. No single abnormality was associated with paternal exposure to mustard gas.CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrates a generational effect of exposure to mustard gas. The lasting effects of mustard gas exposure in parents effects fertility and may impact child health and development in the long-term

Isotherm and Kinetic Study of Phosphor Adsorption from Aqueous Solution using Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

The presence of trace amounts of phosphorus in treated wastewaters from municipalities and industries results in eutrophication.Therefore, its removal is crucial for controlling eutrophication in receiving water. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phosphor adsorption from aqueous solution using single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as a sorbent. The batch experiments were performed at laboratory scale. The SWCNT was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial phosphor concentration on initial phosphor removal were evaluated. The isotherm and kinetics of phosphor adsorption were determined. The results showed that phosphor removal was directly proportional with increase in adsorbent dosage and it was reversely proportional with increase in initial phosphorous concentration. Therefore, with adsorbent dosage increased from 0.1 to 0.4 mg/l, the percentage of removal increased from 83.0 to 92.5%. Moreover, the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order kinetic, and intraparticle diffusion models were used to describe the kinetic data. The experimental data fitted well with pseudo-second order kinetic model. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin adsorption models. It was found that the adsorption isotherm was correlated reasonably well with Freundlich isotherm. The high adsorption capacity of SWCNT indicates that this adsorbent might be a suitable alternative to remove pollutants from aqueous media. It is concluded that the SWCNTs have a high potential for phosphor adsorption and can be used as an effective adsorption for removal of phosphor form effluents

Effect of Priming on Germination and Enzyme Activity of Achillea vermicularis Seeds after Naturally and Accelerated Aging

Ageing induces seed deterioration expressed as the loss of seed vigor and/or viability. Priming treatment, which consists in soaking of seeds in a solution of low water potential, has been shown to reinvigorate aged seeds. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of naturally and accelerated aging on seed germination traits and enzyme activities (proxidase, catalase and superoxid dismutase) in three Achillea vermicularis accessions. Naturally aged seeds were provided from base (stored 10 or15 years at -18 °C) and active (stored 10 or 15 years at 4 °C) cold rooms of Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran. A two years harvested seeds of the accessions were aged under moisture of 100% and temperature of 40 °C for 48 and 72 hours. The seeds were primed by incubation for 24 hours at 15 °C in solution of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) −0.3 Mpa (as osmo-priming), gibberellic acid 250 and 500 ppm (as hormone-priming). Non-primed seeds were used as control. ANOVA suggested significant different among three accessions of A. vermicularis for all germination traits and enzymes activities. Results showed that responses of different accessions to aging and priming treatments were significantly different. The data demonstrated that catalase is a key enzyme for seed repair against ageing ROS-induced damage during priming treatment

Avaliando o comprometimento organizacional dos professores da escola secundária com base na teoria dos dois fatores de higiene de motivos de Herzberg

main aim of the present study is evaluating organizational commitment of secondary school's teachers based on Herzberg's Motive- hygiene two-factor theory. A descriptive-survey method is used in this study. The statistical population of this study included the secondary school's teachers of the education administration of Jahrom city. They were 330 persons at the time of study. The sample size was 178 persons based on Kerjesi-Morgan's table and the sampling was done by a stratified- randomized method. Two questionnaires of organizational commitment (Allen and Meyer) and motive- hygiene two-factor (job expectation) (Lussier) were used for gathering information. The validity and reliability of questionnaires were confirmed. Indexes such as mean and standard deviation, One – Sample T Test, Pearson correlative coefficient, Independent- Samples T – Test, stepwise multivariate regression analysis and One - Way Analysis of Variance of two parts of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data respectively. Results of the analyzed data showed that there is a significant relationship between motive- hygiene factors and organizational commitment. There is no significant difference between hygiene factors of male and female teachers but the rate of hygiene factors of female teachers is more than the male teachers. There is also no significant difference between organizational commitment of male and female teachers but the rate of teachers with associate of arts is more than the teachers with Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts (or sciences).El objetivo principal del presente estudio es evaluar el compromiso organizacional de los docentes de la escuela secundaria basado en la teoría de Herzberg sobre la motivación de dos factores. Un método de encuesta descriptiva se utiliza en este estudio. La población estadística de este estudio incluyó a los profesores de la escuela secundaria de la administración educativa de la ciudad de Jahrom. Eran 330 personas en el momento del estudio. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 178 personas según la tabla de Kerjesi-Morgan y el muestreo se realizó por un método estratificado y aleatorizado. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios de compromiso organizacional (Allen y Meyer) y de motivación por motivos de dos factores (expectativa de trabajo) (Lussier) para recabar información. La validez y fiabilidad de los cuestionarios fueron confirmadas. Se usaron índices como media y desviación estándar, prueba T de una muestra, coeficiente correlativo Pearson, prueba T de muestras independientes, análisis de regresión multivariante por pasos y análisis de varianza de una vía de dos partes de estadística descriptiva y estadística inferencial para analizar el datos respectivamente. Los resultados de los datos analizados mostraron que existe una relación significativa entre los factores de higiene motivacional y el compromiso organizacional. No hay una diferencia significativa entre los factores de higiene de los docentes masculinos y femeninos, pero la tasa de factores de higiene de las maestras es más que la de los docentes masculinos. Tampoco hay una diferencia significativa entre el compromiso organizacional de maestros y maestras, pero la tasa de maestros con asociado de artes es más que la de maestros con Licenciatura en Artes y Maestría en Artes (o ciencias).O principal objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o comprometimento organizacional de professores do ensino médio baseado na teoria de Herzberg sobre a motivação de dois fatores. Um método de pesquisa descritiva é usado neste estudo. A população estatística deste estudo incluiu os professores do ensino médio da administração educacional da cidade de Jahrom. Havia 330 pessoas no momento do estudo. O tamanho da amostra foi de 178 pessoas, de acordo com a tabela de Kerjesi-Morgan, e a amostragem foi realizada por método estratificado e randomizado. Dois questionários de comprometimento organizacional (Allen e Meyer) e motivação foram usados por razões de dois fatores (expectativa de trabalho) (Lussier) para coletar informações. A validade e confiabilidade dos questionários foram confirmadas. índices como média e desvio padrão, amostra teste t, Pearson coeficiente de correlação, t-teste em amostras independentes, análise de regressão multivariada e análise de variância através de duas partes de estatística descritiva e estatística inferencial foram utilizados para analisar o dados, respectivamente. Os resultados dos dados analisados mostraram que existe uma relação significativa entre fatores de higiene motivacional e comprometimento organizacional. Não há diferença significativa entre os fatores de higiene de professores do sexo masculino e feminino, mas a taxa de fatores de higiene das professoras é maior do que a dos professores do sexo masculino. Também não há uma diferença significativa entre o comprometimento organizacional dos professores, mas a taxa de professores de artes associados é mais do que professores com Bachelor of Arts e Master of Arts (ou ciência)

The accuracy of citations in medicine and master degree dissertations, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 2006- 2012

زمینه و هدف: پایان نامه ها به عنوان یک منبع علمی بوده و نحوه استناد دقیق به پایان نامه ها با اهمیت است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین نحوه استناد های مورد استفاده در پایان نامه های دانشجویان پزشکی و کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد در سال های 1391- 1385 انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مقطعی، 275 پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد و پزشکی دفاع شده در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد از سال 1385 تا پایان سال 1391، با روش سرشماری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. اطلاعات مرتبط با منابع مورد استفاده در پایان نامه ها شامل اشکالات مرتبط با استناد از نظر نوع و فراوانی منابع مورد استفاده، روش استناد، دقت و نوع اشکال در هر منبع، با استفاده از چک لیست مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: از 275 پایان نامه مورد بررسی، 27 مورد پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد و 248 مورد پایان نامه پزشکی بود. هشت پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد (62/29) و 74 پایان نامه(83/29) پزشکی فاقد اشکال بودند. میانگین تعداد خطا در پایان نامه های کارشناسی ارشد 88/6±56/7 و در پایان نامه های پزشکی 23/14±92/8 بود. از نظر فراوانی بیشترین خطا مربوط به اشتباه در منبع نویسی کتب لاتین و مقالات لاتین بود. نتیجه گیری: به نظر می رسد نحوه استناد در پایان نامه های کارشناسی ارشد و پزشکی مطلوب نمی باشد و برنامه ریزی و برگزاری کلاس های آموزشی در این زمینه برای دانشجویان و اساتید مربوطه ضروری است