The effect of training on students regarding the prevention of Brucellosis

Introduction: Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases that is especially important for its side effects on human in terms of health and economy. It appears that an important reason for the incidence of brucellosis and its consequent disabilities is lack of knowledge about its transmission routes and prevention. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the effect of training on the knowledge of Shahr-e Babak Azad University students about the prevention of brucellosis.Methods: This experimental study was conducted with 108 students assigned to the experimental and control groups by random stratified sampling from Shahr-e Babak Azad University in 2013. First, students’ knowledge of brucellosis and its prevention was assessed using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire. Then a training program including two sessions of group training, questions and answers, and discussion was implemented and an educational pamphlet was distributed among the experimental group. One month later, the post-test was given. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software.Results: Knowledge score of students before the intervention was not significantly different in the experimental and control groups, while the difference of mean score was significant after the intervention. None of the demographic variables had a significant impact on the mean score of knowledge after training. The significance level was set at PConclusion: The results showed that training can improve participants’ knowledge about brucellosis prevention. Training is an appropriate and necessary method to increase health information

Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking studies and biological evaluation of some novel hybrids based on quinazolinone, benzofuran and imidazolium moieties as potential cytotoxic and antimicrobial agents

Objective(s): Hybridization of bioactive natural and synthetic compounds is one of the most promising novel approaches for the design of hit and lead compounds with new molecular structures. In this investigation, a series of novel hybrid structures bearing quinazolinone, benzofuran and imidazolium moieties were designed and synthesized. Materials and Methods:Novel hybrid compounds were prepared and their structures were characterized by spectral and analytical data. In order to evaluate the biological activities, the synthesized hybrid compounds were studied for in vitro antibacterial activity against three Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureu, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocitogenes) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella entritidis) and also, Candida albicans as one yeast-like fungi strain. Cytotoxic activities of the synthesized compounds were also evaluated by the MTT assay in the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and finally docking studies of cytotoxic derivatives were performed on aromatase enzyme. Results:The results of antimicrobial activity showed that compound 14e, with two halogen atoms on quinazolinone and benzofuran was the most active against all the tested strains of microorganisms with the MIC value 16-128 µg/ml. Some of the tested compounds showed good cytotoxicity on MCF-7, and compound 14c with IC50=0.59 micromolar (μM) was found to be the most cytotoxic compound among the studied hybrid derivatives. The docking analysis showed acceptable binding interactions for these compounds. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the hybrid derivatives of quinazolinone, benzofuran and imidazolium could be regarded as efficient candidates for further molecular developments of anticancer and antimicrobial agents

DFNB59 gene mutations screening in non syndromic deaf subjects in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province

زمینه و هدف: وقوع ناشنوایی پیش زبانی حدود 1 در 1000 تولد است که بیش از 60 موارد آن ارثی هستند. ناشنوایی اختلالی هتروژن محسوب می شود و ممکن است به علل محیطی، ژنتیکی یا هر دو رخ دهد. اخیراً جهش های ژن DFNB59 که رمز کننده پروتئین پژواکین است به عنوان عامل ناشنوایی نوع عصبی معرفی شده اند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی نوع و فراوانی جهش های ژن DFNB59 در 100 ناشنوای غیرسندرومی، در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- آزمایشگاهی، فراوانی جهش های ژنDFNB59 در کل اگزون های کد کننده این ژن بررسی گردید. DNA از نمونه های خون محیطی به روش استاندارد فنل کلروفرم استخراج شد. وجود جهش های DFNB59 با روش غربالگری /Heteroduplex Analysis (HA) PCR- SSCP بررسی گردید. سپس جهش های مشاهده شده در اگزون های 2 و 4 با استفاده از روش PCR- RFlP اگزون شماره 6 با استفاده ار تکنیک Nested PCR و اگزون شماره 7 به کمک تعیین توالی تایید گردید. یافته ها: در این تحقیق 3 نوع پلی مورفیسم ژنی (793C>T 793C>G و 874G>A) و یک نوع جهش 988delG به ترتیب با فراوانی 7، 5، 2 و 1 شناسایی شد. نتیجه گیری: مطالعه حاضر و تحقیقات قبلی حاکی از نقش اندک جهش های ژن پژواکین در ایجاد ناشنوایی در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری است و نتیجه اینکه از نظر بالینی جهش های ژن DFNB59 اهمیت چندانی در این منطقه ندارند

Effect of exercise, ozone and mesenchymal stem cells therapies on expression of IL-10 and TNF-α in the cartilage tissue of overweight rats with knee osteoarthritis

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common type of articular disorder worldwide.  Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are considered as an essential regulator contributing to inflammation and knee OA pathogenesis. In this study, effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), ozone (O3) and exercise training were considered on IL-10 and TNF-α expression in rats with knee OA. Materials and Methods: Surgical method was applied to induce knee OA in rats. OA rats were randomly divided into patient, MSCs, ozone, and exercise groups. Rats in MSCs group received intraarticularly injection of 1×106 cells/kg. Rats in ozone group received O3 at the concentration of 20μg/ml, once weekly for 3 weeks. Rats in exercise group were trained on rodent treadmill for three times per week. 48 hours after the final exercise training, cartilage tissues were isolated and expression of IL-10 and TNF-α was considered using RT-PCR. Results: Ozone therapy significantly increased the expression of IL-10 compared to the patient (3.12-folds; p=0.031), MSCs (2.78-fold; p=0.042) and exercise (4.64-fold; p=0.034) groups. The patient group had significantly higher expression of TNF-α compared to the control (32.27-fold; p=0.000), MSCs (1.58-fold; p=0.001) and ozone (3.02-fold; p=0.000) groups. MSCs and ozone therapies significantly decreased TNF-α expression compared to the patients (p=0.001 and p=0.000, respectively) and exercise (p=0.042 and p=0.000, respectively) groups; however, ozone therapy was significantly more effective than MSCs therapy (p=0.007). Conclusion: Ozone therapy was significantly more effective than exercise and MSCs therapy to improve knee OA in rats.   

Comparison The Effects of Two Monocyte Isolation Methods,Plastic Adherence and Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting Methods,on Phagocytic Activity of Generated Dendritic Cells

Objective: It is believed that monocyte isolation methods and maturation factors affect the phenotypic and functional characteristics of resultant dendritic cells (DC). In the present study, we compared two monocyte isolation methods, including plastic adherence-dendritic cells (Adh-DC) and magnetic activated cell sorting- dendritic cells (MACS-DC), and their effects on phagocytic activity of differentiated immature DCs (immDCs).Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, immDCs were generated from plastic adherence and MACS isolated monocytes in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) in five days. The phagocytic activity of immDCs was analyzed by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated latex bead using flow cytometry. One way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis of differences among experimental groups, including Adh-DC and MACS-DC groups.Results: We found that phagocytic activity of Adh-DC was higher than MACS-DC, whereas the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of phagocytic cells was higher in MACS-DC (p<0.05).Conclusion: We concluded that it would be important to consider phagocytosis parameters of generated DCs before making any decision about monocyte isolation methods to have fully functional DCs

Benzofuran as a promising scaffold for the synthesis of antimicrobial and antibreast cancer agents: A review

Benzofuran as an important heterocyclic compound is extensively found in natural products as well as synthetic materials. Since benzofuran drivatives display a diverse array of pharmacological activities, an interest in developing new biologically active agents from benzofuran is still under consideration. This review highlights recent findings on biological activities of benzofuran derivatives as antimicrobial and antibreast cancer agents and lays emphasis on the importance of benzofurans as a major source for drug design and development

Investigating the relationship between resilience and professional ethics in nurses: a cross-sectional study in southern Iran

Abstract Introduction All businesses that deal directly with clients need to observe ethics, but in the nursing profession due to its nature, compliance with professional ethics becomes more necessary. On the other hand, nurses face tensions and difficult conditions in their daily work environment. Resilience is one of the most important abilities of human beings, which in difficult conditions causes effective adaptation to stress-causing factors. Therefore, the relationship between resilience and professional ethics becomes important. The aim of the study The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between resilience and professional ethics in nurses of Shahid Ganji Hospital, Borazjan 2022–2023. Methods The current study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The study environment was Shahid Ganji Hospital in Borazjan, Bushehr, Iran. The research method of the current study was census, so all 400 nurses of this hospital were invited to participate in the study. Finally, 340 of them were included in the study based on the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, Connor-Davidson questionnaire, and Cadozier professional ethics questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software. Results Most of the participants were between 25 and 30 years old. The average overall score of resilience and professional ethics of nurses participating in the study was 64.1 ± 16.3 and 34.3 ± 9.4, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the demographic characteristics of nurses with resilience and professional ethics. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated a statistically significant and inverse relationship between professional ethics and resilience levels (r = -0.265, P < 0.001). Conclusion The present study demonstrated a significant and inverse relationship between professional ethics and resilience among nurses. Furthermore, professional ethics were at a moderate level, while resilience was at a good level. Therefore, it is recommended that enhancing professional ethics skills through the organization of educational workshops for nurses should be considered by nursing managers

Psychological consequences and the related factors among COVID‐19 survivors in southeastern Iran

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) is a new viral disease that has spread rapidly worldwide since December 2019 and there is no effective treatment for it. The current study aimed to investigate the psychological consequences and related factors among COVID‐19 survivors. Methods This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 152 patients with COVID‐19 referred to referral hospitals in southeastern Iran in 2020. Data collection tools were three questionnaires of demographic and background information, Depression Anxiety stress Scale (DASS‐21) and Impact of Events Scale‐Revised (IESR). Descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS25 were used to analyze the data. Results The mean age of patients was 39.52 ± 13.16 years. The patients were mostly female (63.8%). Seventy‐three percent of the patients had severe posttraumatic stress disorder, 26.3% had moderate depression and 26.3% had severe anxiety. The mean scores of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety among patients with COVID‐19 were 41.59 ± 17.28, 12.13 ± 9.16, and 12.45 ± 10.71, respectively. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission, divorce, illiteracy, and retirement were all associated with higher psychological load among patients. Discussion and Conclusion The results showed that patients with COVID‐19 had different levels of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. These results may direct the attention of the medical staff to the mental health of COVID‐19 patients, necessitating timely psychological care and intervention during an epidemic