Bone mineral density of the proximal femur after hip resurfacing arthroplasty: : 1-year follow-up study

Peer reviewe

Internationalization in Pirkanmaa Region : Providing Supporting Services for Businesses

The purpose of this study was to provide Tampere Chamber of Commerce concrete examples and themes for internationalization services. These include events and political influence. This thesis was also particularly meant to provide recommendations for future research about internationalization in the Pirkanmaa region. The theoretical section introduced human resources as a success factor for internationalization. This supported the demand for the services arranged by the Tampere Chamber of Commerce. The study was carried out by a survey sent to a group of exporting companies in the Pirkanmaa region. Survey questions were quantitative with one qualitative open-ended question. To support additional findings researches by third parties were used as secondary data. Compared to recent years' studies, the survey gathered the most replies. The results stated that internationalization was on the rise in the region and an increased amount of companies have implemented an internationalization strategy. It was discovered that respondents highly valued networking events for internationalization closely followed by seminars and trainings. The results also showed that the themes for events were: legislation and contracts, organizing sales, recruitment of knowledgeable workforce, and customs regulations. Popular target countries for internationalization were also recognized as Sweden, Germany, the United States of America, Russia, China, and Denmark. Political influencing points were derived from open answers: knowledge about financing export activities should be increased and Pirkkala airport connections should be developed. It was also discovered that immigrants should be utilized for internationalization. The findings indicate that the Tampere Chamber of Commerce should organize free to attend events for the target countries whether it is ambassador delegations or seminars. Paid trainings should be done from a Finnish perspective and they should consider the aforementioned themes. The Tampere Chamber of Commerce should also persuade large export companies to utilize the Pirkkala airport to create more traffic, work towards bringing more export financing available and start to utilize predictive decision making to answer future needs of businesses

Automated detection and localization system of myocardial infarction in single-beat ECG using Dual-Q TQWT and wavelet packet tensor decomposition

Background and objective. It is challenging to conduct real-time identification of myocardial infarction (MI) due to artifact corruption and high dimensionality of multi-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). In the present study, we proposed an automated single-beat MI detection and localization system using dual-Q tunable Q-factor wavelet transformation (Dual-Q TQWT) denoising algorithm. Methods. After denoising and segmentation of ECG, a fourth-order wavelet tensor (leads × subbands × samples × beats) was constructed based on thediscretewavelet packet transform (DWPT), to represent the features considering the information of inter-beat, intra-beat, inter-frequency, and inter-lead. To reduce the tensor dimension and preserve the intrinsic information, the multilinear principal component analysis (MPCA) was employed. Afterward, 84 discriminate features were fed into a classifier of bootstrap-aggregated decision trees (Treebagger). A total of 78 healthy and 328 MI (6types) records including 57557 beats were chosen from PTB diagnostic ECG database for evaluation. Results.The validation results demonstratedthat our proposed MI detection and localization system embedded with Dual-Q TQWT and wavelet packet tensor decomposition outperformedcommonly used discrete wavelet transform (DWT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD) denoising methods and vector-based PCA method. With the Treebagger classifier, we obtained an accuracy of 99.98% in beat level and an accuracy of 97.46% in record level training/testing for MI detection. We also achieved an accuracy of 99.87% in beat level and an accuracy of 90.39% in record level for MI localization. Conclusion. Altogether, the automated system brings potential improvement in automated detectionand localization of MI in clinical practice.peerReviewe

Network Entropy for the Sequence Analysis of Functional Connectivity Graphs of the Brain

Dynamic representation of functional brain networks involved in the sequence analysis of functional connectivity graphs of the brain (FCGB) gains advances in uncovering evolved interaction mechanisms. However, most of the networks, even the event-related ones, are highly heterogeneous due to spurious interactions, which bring challenges to revealing the change patterns of interactive information in the complex dynamic process. In this paper, we propose a network entropy (NE) method to measure connectivity uncertainty of FCGB sequences to alleviate the spurious interaction problem in dynamic network analysis to realize associations with different events during a complex cognitive task. The proposed dynamic analysis approach calculated the adjacency matrices from ongoing electroencephalpgram (EEG) in a sliding time-window to form the FCGB sequences. The probability distribution of Shannon entropy was replaced by the connection sequence distribution to measure the uncertainty of FCGB constituting NE. Without averaging, we used time frequency transform of the NE of FCGB sequences to analyze the event-related changes in oscillatory activity in the single-trial traces during the complex cognitive process of driving. Finally, the results of a verification experiment showed that the NE of the FCGB sequences has a certain time-locked performance for different events related to driver fatigue in a prolonged driving task. The time errors between the extracted time of high-power NE and the recorded time of event occurrence were distributed within the range [−30 s, 30 s] and 90.1% of the time errors were distributed within the range [−10 s, 10 s]. The high correlation (r = 0.99997, p < 0.001) between the timing characteristics of the two types of signals indicates that the NE can reflect the actual dynamic interaction states of brain. Thus, the method may have potential implications for cognitive studies and for the detection of physiological states.peerReviewe

Dissociable Effects of Reward on P300 and EEG Spectra Under Conditions of High vs. Low Vigilance During a Selective Visual Attention Task

The influence of motivation on selective visual attention in states of high vs. low vigilance is poorly understood. To explore the possible differences in the influence of motivation on behavioral performance and neural activity in high and low vigilance levels, we conducted a prolonged 2 h 20 min flanker task and provided monetary rewards during the 20- to 40- and 100- to 120-min intervals of task performance. Both the behavioral and electrophysiological measures were modulated by prolonged task engagement. Moreover, the effect of reward was different in high vs. low vigilance states. The monetary reward increased accuracy and decreased the reaction time (RT) and number of omitted responses in the low but not in the high vigilance state. The fatigue-related decrease in P300 amplitude recovered to its level in the high vigilance state by manipulating motivation, whereas the fatigue-related increase in P300 latency was not modulated by reward. Additionally, the fatigue-related increase in event-related spectral power at 1–4 Hz was sensitive to vigilance decrement and reward. However, the spectral power at 4–8 Hz was only affected by the decrease in vigilance. These electrophysiological measures were not influenced by motivation in the state of high vigilance. Our results suggest that neural processing capacity, but not the timing of processing, is sensitive to motivation. These findings also imply that the fatigue-related impairments in behavioral performance and neural activity underlying selective visual attention only partly recover after manipulating motivation. Furthermore, our results provide evidence for the dissociable neural mechanisms underlying the fatigue-related decrease vs. reward-related increase in attentional resources.peerReviewe

Restoration of nutrient-rich forestry-drained peatlands poses a risk for high exports of dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus

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