Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-phenyl-5-aryl-4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9-hexahydro-1,2.4-triazolo[1,5-A]quinazolines

A method for the synthesis of 2-phenyl-5-aryl-4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9- hexahydrotriazolo[1,5-a] quinazolines was developed.3-Amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole formed Schiff’s bases with aromatic aldehydes which on treatment with cyclohexanonein the presence of glacial acetic acid and anhydrous zinc chloride cyclized to produce title compounds.The structures of synthesized compounds were elucidatedby spectroscopic techniques (FTIR and 1H-NMR) and elementalanalysis. The compounds were also screened for their antibacterial activities against four different bacterial strains by agar plate disc method

Perspectives of students in a medical school regarding Hepatitis B and C in North West India

Background: Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are among the major public health problems in the world and students in the medical schools as a group is highly vulnerable to these infections. The current study aimed to assess the perspectives (knowledge, attitude and practices) of these students about both Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical school in northwest India using a self administered questionnaire. This study was carried out in the month of July 2017 using a convenience sample of Pre-final MBBS students.Results: The knowledge of the respondents was found to be good on most of the parameters except for living with Hepatitis B/C patient being a risk factor for disease and Hepatitis B being curable. On the same pattern, attitudes were also found to be positive on most of the parameters except willingness to undergo screening for the diseases. Practices of the respondents were also adequate except for use of gloves while examining a patient/collecting blood sample. An important positive practice observed was that 92.8% of the respondents were protected against Hepatitis B.Conclusions: The study has concluded that perspective of medical students towards Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are reasonably good and areas of concern need to be taken care of. Both these diseases remain a challenge for health community in general and medical students in particular due to their being an occupational hazard, so the need for infection control training before they start clinical education is strongly recommended

Prevalence, patterns and determinants of smoking among migrant workers in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Background: Rapid urbanization and industrialization is leading a massive exodus of migrant workers from rural to urban areas and from one state to another in search of green pastures. The migrant workers living in unsafe environments, working in hazardous conditions and in absence of family/friends makes them vulnerable to indulge in substance abuse. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and patterns of smoking in the migrant workers in Jammu region of J and K, India.Methods: All the migrant workers visiting the OPD of Medicine/ Surgery in Government Medical College, Jammu due to any reason were registered. Only those who gave positive history of smoking were interviewed through a questionnaire survey. Data on demographics and details regarding tobacco use were collected.Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was found to be 43.13%. Pattern of tobacco use was found to be significant in relation to the sex of the respondents (p<0.05). Among other variables associated with smoking, monthly income and literacy levels of the migrant workers were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: The prevalence and patterns observed in the present study needs to further elucidate the role of various risk factors among the migrant workers. These risk factors can be targeted for health promotion as well as intervention for the amelioration of the current smokers

Health care providers knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers towards emergency contraception in a sub-Himalayan state of India

Background: Emergency Contraception (EC) is a method of contraception used within 72 hours of unprotected sex to prevent unwanted pregnancy. More than ten years since its use, a study was conducted among health care providers to assess their knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers towards EC.Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted among the health care providers (HCPs) in all the health institutions of Jammu city, one of which included a tertiary care teaching hospital. The HCPs for the purpose of the current study included Medical Officers (MOs), Lady Health Visitors/ Staff Nurses (LHV/ SNs) and pharmacists. A 24 item pre-tested questionnaire was administered to the respondents to gather the relevant information.Results: MOs and LHV/SNs were found to have better knowledge than the pharmacists. Higher proportion of LHV/SNs and pharmacists were willing to learn more about EC (p<0.05). About two-third of MOs and LHV/SNs agreed about shortage of time during clinic schedule to counsel the users about EC (p<0.05).Conclusions: Gaps in the knowledge of the respondents need to be taken care of with continuing in-service trainings along with behaviour change communication. Role of pharmacists as health care provider especially in the context of family welfare services needs to be reassessed

Gender based perspectives about organ donation among students in a medical school in North India

Background: Deaths due to organ failure are reaching alarming numbers mainly due to paucity of organ donation. The medical students who are the future doctors hold promise to alleviate this paucity by willing to register as a donor themselves as well as facilitating cadaver organ donation process. Objective was to assess the perspectives (awareness and attitudes) of medical students regarding organ donation.Methods: The present cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 280 undergraduates’ students of Government Medical College Jammu, J and K, India. A pretested and self administered 22 item questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics (5), to assess awareness (11) and attitude (6) about organ donation.Results: Higher proportion of female students were aware about transplantation of human organ act (p<0.05). Awareness about organ donation card was very poor among both the sexes. Only 77.50% of the respondents were aware of the legal age for organ donation. Higher proportion of male students considered themselves to be future organ donor (p<0.05) although both the sexes wanted to be informed more on organ donation. Organ could be wasted (47.14%) was the main barrier among respondents for organ donation.Conclusions: The awareness and attitude among the respondents were found to be non-desirable on many parameters. Authors suggest introduction of a teaching module which should include all aspects of organ donation in medical schools starting from first profession onwards

Domestic violence in rural currently married women: effects on utilization of reproductive and maternal health services

Background: Domestic violence remains a public health concern in India due to its high prevalence and adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Domestic violence in low and middle income countries has emerged as a priority among researchers and policy makers who are primarily concerned with women s health and empowerment. The study aimed to assess the relationship between domestic violence and women’s use of reproductive and maternal health services.Methods: The present study was conducted among currently married rural women in reproductive age group (15-49 Years). Four villages in Kot Balwal Block were selected randomly and all the currently married women who were willing to give informed verbal consent were administered the questionnaire. The questionnaire was pilot tested by the authors. Data was analysed using proportion sand chi square test was used as a test of significance.Results: Prevalence of domestic violence was reported to be 49.12%. Regarding empowerment, the results revealed that while 65.3% of the respondents were able to decide on their health, only 20.7% had say in household purchases. Attitude towards wife beating was strongly negative as 95.7% rejected wife beating. Levels of education, exposure to media, intake of alcohol by partners and spousal age difference were statistically significant (p<0.05) in relation to use of reproductive and maternal health services.Conclusions: The study has revealed that women’s empowerment has a positive impact on use of reproductive and maternal health services. Multi-sector collaboration in initiating programs and interventions to improve women’s empowerment, increase educational attainment and reduction of gender based violence should be a priority for the health planners

Synthesis and antibacterial activities of Diarylpyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridines II1

Synthesis of various 4,6-diarylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, from aminopyrazoles and 1,3-dicarbonylcompounds or by a Doebner method are reported

ملتان میں خاکہ نگاری کی روایت: قیام پاکستان کے بعد

Khaka is the translation of English word sketch which means to draw personality. But if we examine the meaning of this term, it means to present the external and internal characteristics of the personality impartially. The tradition of Urdu sketching in Multan can be traced back to the early period of Eulogise. In which the emphasis was on the praise and admiration of the personality rather than the actual qualities, but the modern outline seems devoid of the above influences. The names of Prof. Shamim Haider Tirmizi, Dr. Anwar Ahmed, Munshi Abdul Rahman, Asi Karnali, Dr. Maqsood Zahidi, Raziuddin Razi and Sajjad Jahanian are prominent among the modern sketch writers of Multan

Gender based perspectives about organ donation among students in a medical school in North India

Background: Deaths due to organ failure are reaching alarming numbers mainly due to paucity of organ donation. The medical students who are the future doctors hold promise to alleviate this paucity by willing to register as a donor themselves as well as facilitating cadaver organ donation process. Objective was to assess the perspectives (awareness and attitudes) of medical students regarding organ donation.Methods: The present cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 280 undergraduates’ students of Government Medical College Jammu, J and K, India. A pretested and self administered 22 item questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics (5), to assess awareness (11) and attitude (6) about organ donation.Results: Higher proportion of female students were aware about transplantation of human organ act (p&lt;0.05). Awareness about organ donation card was very poor among both the sexes. Only 77.50% of the respondents were aware of the legal age for organ donation. Higher proportion of male students considered themselves to be future organ donor (p&lt;0.05) although both the sexes wanted to be informed more on organ donation. Organ could be wasted (47.14%) was the main barrier among respondents for organ donation.Conclusions: The awareness and attitude among the respondents were found to be non-desirable on many parameters. Authors suggest introduction of a teaching module which should include all aspects of organ donation in medical schools starting from first profession onwards

Domestic violence in rural currently married women: effects on utilization of reproductive and maternal health services

Background: Domestic violence remains a public health concern in India due to its high prevalence and adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Domestic violence in low and middle income countries has emerged as a priority among researchers and policy makers who are primarily concerned with women s health and empowerment. The study aimed to assess the relationship between domestic violence and women’s use of reproductive and maternal health services.Methods: The present study was conducted among currently married rural women in reproductive age group (15-49 Years). Four villages in Kot Balwal Block were selected randomly and all the currently married women who were willing to give informed verbal consent were administered the questionnaire. The questionnaire was pilot tested by the authors. Data was analysed using proportion sand chi square test was used as a test of significance.Results: Prevalence of domestic violence was reported to be 49.12%. Regarding empowerment, the results revealed that while 65.3% of the respondents were able to decide on their health, only 20.7% had say in household purchases. Attitude towards wife beating was strongly negative as 95.7% rejected wife beating. Levels of education, exposure to media, intake of alcohol by partners and spousal age difference were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) in relation to use of reproductive and maternal health services.Conclusions: The study has revealed that women’s empowerment has a positive impact on use of reproductive and maternal health services. Multi-sector collaboration in initiating programs and interventions to improve women’s empowerment, increase educational attainment and reduction of gender based violence should be a priority for the health planners