Identifikasi Potensi Sari Buah Jeruk Menjadi Listrik Sebagai Sumber Belajar Fisika Materi Arus Listrik Siswa SMP Kelas IX

The purpose of this study was 1. To know potential of different citrus fruit juice varieties into electricity. 2. To know juice of citrus varieties that have the potential to be superior in electrical 3. To know piece of research that can be used as a learning resource. 4. To know learning resources that can be generated from the research. The place is a laboratory study was conducted of science, University of Muhammadiyah Metro May 25, 2014. Oranges juice were taken from five different varieties are citrus, lime, tangerine, grapefruit, and lime. There are three variations of existing experiments in the study of differences in varieties, differences in the distance between the electrodes, and the difference in volume. There are five treatments and five repetitions in this experiment. In the process the research data used ANOVA analysis of non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test. The experimental results showed that the juice that comes from different varieties have different potentials in into electricity. Lemon juice is the most superior varieties as electricity. Part of research that can be used as a learning resource that the pH value of each citrus varieties, the use of digital multitester, and the voltage generated. The results of this study can benefit as a learning resource in the form of worksheets

Biotechnology of the Filaria of Indonesia

More than 90 million people were currently infected with lymphatic filariasis and mo-third of them lived in China, India and Indonesia. Filariasis is endemic throughout the entire Indonesian Archipelago. More than 20 million people lived in endemic areas and 3-4 million people were estimated to have the infection. Control measures have reduced the prevalence of infections in some areas, but the disease remained a public health problem in many outer islands of Indonesia. Recent development in monoclonal antibodies and recombinant technology of DNA have made it possible to apply these new tools in the studies of filariasis, and three groups in Indonesia are currently using these new technology. The studies with the Imperial College of London will be presented by Dr. Rick Maizels. Collaboration with the New England Biolabs and Smith College involve the use of a stage and species-specific monoclonal antibody against the infective larvae of Brugia malayi, a double blind comparison of conventional methods and DNA probes for the diagnosis of brugian filariasis, and phylogentic studies of the brugian parasites. The ELISA using the monoclonal antibody has been adapted for field use in Jakarta. It is simple to use, does not cross-react with the infective stage of Brugia pahangi, but does so with the infective stage of the non-sympatric Brugia timori. The reagent is useful to acurately monitor the progress of control programs in endemic areas of brugian filariasis. The oligonucleotide DNA probes for B.malayi and B.pahangi were both qualitatively and quantitatively comparable to the conventional methods for the diagnosis of brugian parasites in cats and man. Sequencing data of the repeated DNA sequences of various brugian parasites indicated their homologies and divergences. The anthropophilic strain of B.malayi and B.timori showed similarity in their biological characteristics and repeated DNA sequences and they are phylogenically probably closely related. One isolate of B.malayi from Tanjung Pinang showed closer homology to the repeated DNA sequences of B.pahangi than to that of B.malayi. Studies on the repeated DNA sequences of different isolates of brugian parasites are essential before DNA probes can be widely used in field studies

Antigenaemia as an Indicator of Filarial Endemicity

This is a report of 1 -year evaluation of chemotherapeutic intervention in an area of Indonesia endemic for lymphatic filariasis. Control measures were initiated in 1977 by parasite control, informal health educa­tion, and community participation at the village level, well in accord with the WHO-concept of health for all. Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was mass distributed in 1977 and 1988, and selectively distributed in 1978, 1979, 1981, and 1982 to those who were micro-filaraemic prior to DEC treatments, those with a history of adenoly mphangitis over the previous one year period, and to all new comers. In addition, each villager with acute symptoms of adenolymphangitis was immediately treated with a single course of 300 mg DEC for 10 days. No intervention measures were taken between 1982 to 1988, and no attempt was taken to control the vector or to restrict movement between controlled and uncontrolled areas during the whole studies. With these measures, the microfilaria (mf) rate decreased from 30% to 0%, the adenolymphangitis rate from 46% to 11%, and the elephantiasis rate from 35% to 3%. The abatement of acute and chronic filarial symptoms over the study period and the disappearance of microfilaremia in the community are pointing towards the possibility of eradicating the partasite from the community. To test this hypothesis, serum samples were tested for circulating filarial antigen by a two-site antigen capture assay employing anti-phosphorylcholine monoclonal antibodies. There was a sharp fall in circulating antigenaemia, demonstrating that infection has either been eliminated from nearly all villagers, or that intensity of infection is now undetectably low. We feel that antigenaemia can be used as an indicator of filarial endemicity

Pembinaan Pengajar Tk dalam Memahami Status Gizi Anak Balita

Nutritional status is a person\u27s nutritional state, in this case can be detected by means of anthropometry is to measure the size of the body, such as body weight (BW), height (TB), the circle of the upper arm (LLA). This activity is usually done by all people but must be trained first. At this time of devotion, Tim IKIP PGRI want to follow up the IBM program, which is a kindergarten teacher guidance in understanding the nutritional status of children under five by providing training in nutritional measurement, manufacturing gauges nutrition, simulation, and frequently asked questions. Targets in service activities include kindergarten teachers all Sukorejo Village, District Gunungpati, the city, include: Earth TK 44, TK An-Nur, and Kindergarten ABA 38 with the problems now being faced by them are: 1) lack of knowledge in identifying the nutritional status of children under five are visually, 2) lack of available gauges nutritional status, 3) lack of skill make gauge nutritional status, 4) non optimal use of nutrition among children under five gauges. Achievements of these faculty development activities in the village kindergarten Sukorejo able to understand the nutritional status of children under five with a good and able to measure nutritional status, and be able to apply the measure nutritional status (anthropometry) correctly. In addition, the service team is also providing a stimulus to improve the nutritional status in the Village Sukorejo Kindergarten students, for students who assessed their nutritional status is still lacking

Perencanaan Struktur Gedung Siloam Hospitals Medan

SNI 1726- 2012 has been implemented and used as basic guidance for earthquake-resistant building design. This regulation replaced RSNI 1726- 2002 which is not suitable for Indonesia\u27s area that always undergoes earthquake. Siloam Hospitals Medan Building was designed by RSNI 1726- 2002. This journal describes the result of Siloam Hospitals Medan Building\u27s calculation by SNI 1726- 2012. Structural analysis of Siloam Hospitals Medan Building is calculated by SAP2000 software. The outputs are internal forces which are used to calculate the dimension of structure and bar which is needed. This structure uses the method of Special Moment Resisting Frame which is expected that it has a high ductility due to its location where is in soft soil earthquake risk area

Filarial Antigens : Targets For Diagnosis, Protection And Pathology

A range of surface, secreted and somatic antigens from filarial parasites have been studies in order to analyse the response of human infected with these pathogens, and to develop reliable diagnostic and prophylactic agents. Diagnostic procedures, which are urgently required for targetting chemotherapy, are being developed by two techniques. Firstly, detection of host antibody is carried out using selected, specific parasite antigens in the form of recombinant peptides from a filarial DNA library. Secondly, measurement of parasite by a monoclonal antibody "antigen-capture" assay. In addition, a longer-term objective of our collaborative study is to isolate molecules which may stimulate the immune system to mount a protective immune response against filarial parasites. A major focus has been a parasite surface glycoprotein known to be closely conserved between adult worms of Brugia malayi, B. timori and Wuchereria bancrofti. This antigen has been cloned from a cDNA library, and its primary sequence established; in addition to being a constant feature of the adult surface, it is expressed by developing larvae and represents an attractive target for vaccine production. Finally, one of the most intriguing questions in filariasis relates to the genesis of pathological reactions. Although this is a difficult problem, we are now beginning to compare the immune responses of individuals of differing clinical status to certain defined parasite antigens, in an attempt to correlate disease development with particular categories of immune response in infected patients. In this way there is hope to advance the basic understanding of filarial disease, while providing practical means for controlling filariasis at the individual and community levels

Detection Of Brugia Malayi And Brugia Pahangi Parasites By Biotinlabeled Dna Probes

Morphologically, the larvae of Brugian parasites are difficult to differentiate by conventional methods. Recently, radioactive labeled DNA probes2'3 have been developed to distinguish the larvae of these parasites. However, these probes have a short shelf-life and are hazardous to the users. Two oligonucleotide DNA probes have been tested, one is specific for B.malayi and the other specific for B.pahangi. They were each labeled with Biotin in three different ways by using : a one-tailed 30mer biotinylated uridine residues, a two-tailed 30mer biotinylated uridine-thymidine residues. The dot blot assays were tested at various temperatures (30°C-80°C) using different concentrations of parasite DNAs (12.8ng-0.1ng). Our preliminary results indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of the biotinylated DNA probes, with a two-tailed 45mer biotinylated residues, were highly acceptable for field use

A Field Study Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) to Screen for Brugia Microfilariae in Human and Animal Blood

Blood samples from 43 humans and 14 cats positive with Brugia microfilariae were analyzed in a field study in Tanjung Pinang, Indonesia. The study used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to compare the sensitivity of radioactive and biotinylated species-specific oligonuleotide probes. The cloning char­acterization of the Hha I repeat DNA family found in filarial parasites of the genus Brugia, and the development of species-specific probes for B.malayi and B.pahangi based on these repeats has been described elsewhere (PNAS USA 83: 797-801); Mol.Biochem. Parasitol. 2$: 163-170). The use of radioisotopes for labelling DNA probes is both expensive and inconvenient. To replace these probes, biotinylated DNA probes have been designed for non- radioactive detection of B.malayi and B.pahangi. These oligonucleotide probes have long tails of biotinylated uridine residues added to their 5\u27 end. As little as 100 pg of Brugia DNA can be detected on dot blot with these probes. Detection of the probes is based on an avidin-alkaline phosphatase colorimetric assay. In order to distinguish between infected from uninfected individuals, it is necessary to detect the amount of DNA in one microfilaria (about 60 pg). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a procedure in which a small amount of DNA can be amplified up to 1 million-fold. A part of each sample in this study was PCR amplified and compared with the unamplified portion using both the radioactive and biotinylated DNA probe. The PCR amplified samples were accurately identified by both the radioactive and biotinylated B.malayi and B.pahangi probes. Even samples with as few as two microfilariae per lOOul of blood were easily detected. The samples that were not PCR amplified were accurately identified after only long exposures (greater than one week) to the radioactive probes. The biotinylated probes, were not sensitive enough for accurate identification of the non-PCR amplified samples. The polymerase chain reaction is, therefore, a promising new tool for enhancing the sensitivity of parasite detection assays based on DNA probes. This will be especially important in designing assay based on non-radioactive DNA probes