Real-Space Entanglement Spectrum of Quantum Hall States

We investigate the entanglement spectra arising from sharp real-space partitions of the system for quantum Hall states. These partitions differ from the previously utilized orbital and particle partitions and reveal complementary aspects of the physics of these topologically ordered systems. We show, by constructing one to one maps to the particle partition entanglement spectra, that the counting of the real-space entanglement spectra levels for different particle number sectors versus their angular momentum along the spatial partition boundary is equal to the counting of states for the system with a number of (unpinned) bulk quasiholes excitations corresponding to the same particle and flux numbers. This proves that, for an ideal model state described by a conformal field theory, the real-space entanglement spectra level counting is bounded by the counting of the conformal field theory edge modes. This bound is known to be saturated in the thermodynamic limit (and at finite sizes for certain states). Numerically analyzing several ideal model states, we find that the real-space entanglement spectra indeed display the edge modes dispersion relations expected from their corresponding conformal field theories. We also numerically find that the real-space entanglement spectra of Coulomb interaction ground states exhibit a series of branches, which we relate to the model state and (above an entanglement gap) to its quasiparticle-quasihole excitations. We also numerically compute the entanglement entropy for the nu=1 integer quantum Hall state with real-space partitions and compare against the analytic prediction. We find that the entanglement entropy indeed scales linearly with the boundary length for large enough systems, but that the attainable system sizes are still too small to provide a reliable extraction of the sub-leading topological entanglement entropy term.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures; v2: minor corrections and formatting change

Numerical analysis to quantify the influence of smear zone characteristics on preloading design in soft clay

In this paper, the effects of uncertainties of smear zone characteristics induced by installation of prefabricated vertical drains on the preloading design are numerically investigated. FLAC 2D finite difference software with additional developed subroutines has been employed to conduct the numerical simulations. The finite difference analyses have been verified using a case study. Furthermore, a comprehensive parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of smear zone permeability and extent on the model predictions. Results of this study indicate that the assumptive properties for smear zone characteristics may result in inaccurate predictions of ground deformations and pore water pressures. This may lead to early removal of the surcharge in the construction process causing excessive post construction settlement. It is recommended to practising engineers to use results of trial preloading to back calculate the required smear zone characteristics in the early stages of embankment construction to optimize the design

Uncertainties of Smear Zone Characteristics in the Design of Preloading with Prefabricated Vertical Drains

Installing prefabricated vertical drains using mandrels induces disturbance of the soil surrounding the drain, resulting in a smear zone with the reduced permeability. The required time for pore pressure dissipation in preloading design is strongly associated with the smear zone characteristics. In this study, the effects of smear zone properties on preloading time are numerically investigated. Parametric study is conducted to find out the range of smear zone parameters significantly influencing the consolidation period. It is observed that the characteristics of smear zone namely size and permeability have a substantial impact on the preloading design to achieve certain soil strength and stiffness satisfying both bearing capacity and settlement design criteria

The Iceberg nature of fibromyalgia burden: The clinical and economic aspects

This review has focused on important but less visible aspects of fibromyalgia (FM) with respect to the high impact of this disorder on patients and societies. FM is a common but challengeable illness. It is characterized by chronic widespread pain, which can be accompanied by other symptoms including fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety and depressive episodes. While our understanding of this debilitating disorder is limited, diagnosis and treatment of this condition is very difficult, even in the hands of experts. Due to the nature of disease, where patients experience invalidation by medical services, their families and societies regarding the recognition and management of disease, direct, indirect and immeasurable costs are considerable. These clinical and economic costs are comparable with other common diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and osteoarthritis, but the latter usually receives much more attention from healthcare and non-healthcare resources. Present alarming data shows the grave and "iceberg-like" burden of FM despite the benign appearance of this disorder and highlights the urgent need both for greater awareness of the disease among medical services and societies, as well as for more research focused on easily used diagnostic methods and target specific treatment. © The Korean Pain Society, 2015

Coulomb Blockade Doppelgangers in Quantum Hall States

In this paper, we ask the question: How well can Coulomb blockade experiments correctly identify and distinguish between different topological orders in quantum Hall states? We definitively find the answer to be: Quite poorly. In particular, we write the general expression for the spacing of resonance peaks in a simple form that explicitly displays its dependence on the conformal scaling dimensions of the systems' edge modes. This form makes transparent the general argument that the Coulomb blockade peak spacings do not provide a strongly indicative signature of the topological order of the system, since it is only weakly related to the braiding statistics. We bolster this general argument with examples for all the most physically relevant non-Abelian candidate states, demonstrating that they have Coulomb blockade doppelgangers -- candidate states at the same filling fraction with identical Coulomb blockade signatures, but dramatically different topological orders and braiding statistics.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure; portions of this paper were formerly included in Appendix C of arXiv:0903.3108; v2: examples added, minor corrections made; v3: discussions of non-uniform filling and of hierarchical counterparts of multi-component states added, minor corrections mad

Detecting Non-Abelian Statistics in the nu=5/2 Fractional Quantum Hall State

In this letter we propose an interferometric experiment to detect non-Abelian quasiparticle statistics -- one of the hallmark characteristics of the Moore-Read state expected to describe the observed FQHE plateau at nu=5/2. The implications for using this state for constructing a topologically protected qubit as has been recently proposed by Das Sarma et. al. are also addressed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 eps figures v2: A few minor changes and citation corrections. In particular, the connection to cond-mat/9711087 has been clarified. v3: Minor changes: fixed references to Fig. 2, updated citations, changed a few words to conform to the version published in PR

Analyzing consolidation data to predict smear zone characteristics induced by vertical drain installation for soft soil improvement

In this paper, the effects of variability of smear zone characteristics induced by installation of prefabricated vertical drains on the preloading design are investigated employing analytical and numerical approaches. Conventional radial consolidation theory has been adopted to conduct analytical parametric studies considering variations of smear zone permeability and extent. FLAC 2D finite difference software has been employed to conduct the numerical simulations. The finite difference analyses have been verified using three case studies including two embankments and a large-scale laboratory consolidometer with a central geosynthetic vertical drain. A comprehensive numerical parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of smear zone permeability and extent on the model predictions. Furthermore, the construction of the trial embankment is recommended as a reliable solution to estimate accurate smear zone properties and minimise the post construction settlement. A back-calculation procedure is employed to determine the minimum required waiting time after construction of the trial embankment to predict the smear zone characteristics precisely. Results of this study indicate that the accurate smear zone permeability and extent can be back-calculated when 30% degree of consolidation is obtained after construction of the trial embankment. © 2014 Techno-Press, Ltd

The acute effect of maximal exercise on plasma beta-endorphin levels in fibromyalgia patients

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of strenuous exercise on β-endorphine (β-END) level in fibromyalgia (FM) patients compared to healthy subjects. Methods: We enrolled 30 FM patients and 15 healthy individuals. All study participants underwent a treadmill exercise test using modified Bruce protocol (M.Bruce). The goal of the test was achieving at least 70 of the predicted maximal heart rate (HRMax). The serum levels of β-END were measured before and after the exercise program. Measurements were done while heart rate was at least 70 of its predicted maximum. Results: The mean � the standard deviation (SD) of exercise duration in the FM and control groups were 24.26 � 5.29 and 29.06 � 3.26 minutes, respectively, indicating a shorter time to achieve the goal heart rate in FM patients (P < 0.003). Most FM patients attained 70 HRMax at lower stages (stage 2 and 3) of M.Bruce compared to the control group (70 versus 6.6, respectively; P < 0.0001). Compared to healthy subjects, FM patients had lower serum β-END levels both in baseline and post-exercise status (Mean � SD: 122.07 � 28.56 μg/ml and 246.55 � 29.57 μg/ml in the control group versus 90.12 � 20.91 μg/ml and 179.80 � 28.57 μg/ml in FM patients, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions: We found that FM patients had lower levels of β-END in both basal and post-exercise status. Exercise increased serum the β-END level in both groups but the average increase in β-END in FM patients was significantly lower than in the control group. � The Korean Pain Society, 2016

A new bow-shock source with bipolar morphology in the vicinity of Sgr A*

Here we present a new bowshock blue-shifted source in the close vicinity of Sgr A* that we name X8. We use data-sets that are based on SINFONI observations with the Very Large Telescope. We can trace the source between 2006 and 2016 in the blue-shifted line maps and it shows not only positional similarities to X7 but also the same spectral footprint. The symmetry axis of both extended sources points towards Sgr A* and exhibits [Fe III] emission lines that arise due to wind-wind shocks. In particular, the source X8 has a bipolar morphology, which makes it the closest bipolar source in the vicinity of Sgr A*. In addition, we can trace a K-band continuum counterpart of X8. This points towards a stellar counterpart to the line-map emission. Overall, the source X8 can be interpreted as either a Young Stellar Object or a young planetary nebula, which makes this source unique among so-far detected main-sequence OB stars in this region.Comment: Accepted for publication by A&A, 15 pages, 13 figure