SN 2019hcc: a Type II supernova displaying early O II lines

Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Chile, as part of ePESSTO/ePESSTO+ (the extended Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey for Transient Objects Survey). ePESSTO+ observations were obtained under ESO program ID 1103.D-0328 (PI: Inserra). EP would like to thank Stuart Sim for useful discussion on the working of TARDIS. This research made use of TARDIS, a community-developed software package for spectral synthesis in supernovae (Kerzendorf & Sim 2014; Kerzendorf et al. 2019). The development of TARDIS received support from the Google Summer of Code initiative and from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Summer of Code in Space program. TARDIS makes extensive use ofAstropy and PyNE. TWC acknowledges the funding provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the EUFunding underMarie SklodowskaCurie grant H2020-MSCA-IF-2018-842471. TMBwas funded by the Comisi ' on Nacional de Investigaci ' on Cient ' ifica y Tecnol ' ogica (CONICYT) PFCHA/DOCTORADOBECAS CHILE/2017-72180113. MG is supported by the Polish Narodowe Centrum Nauki (NCN) MAESTRO grant 2014/14/A/ST9/00121. MN is supported by a Royal Astronomical Society Research Fellowship. ACK: LG was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 839090. This work has been partially supported by the Spanish grant PGC2018-095317-B-C21 within the European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER). GL is supported by a research grant (19054) from VILLUM FONDEN This work makes use of observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) global telescope network. The LCO team is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants AST1911225, AST-1911151, and NASA grant 80NSSC19K1639. This paper is also based on observations made with Swift (UVOT) and the Liverpool Telescope (LT). The Liverpool Telescope is operated on the island of La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de losMuchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias with financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). LCO data have been obtained via Optical Infrared Co-ordination Network for Astronomy (OPTICON) proposals (IDs: SUPA2020B-002 OPTICON 20B/003 and SUPA2019B-007 OPTICON 19B-009). The OPTICON project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730890. Thiswork hasmade use of data from the AsteroidTerrestrialimpact Last Alert System (ATLAS) project. The ATLAS project is primarily funded to search for near earth asteroids through NASA grants NN12AR55G, 80NSSC18K0284, and 80NSSC18K1575; byproducts of the Near-Earth Object (NEO) search include images and catalogs from the survey area. This work was partially funded by Kepler/K2 grant J1944/80NSSC19K0112 and HST GO-15889, and STFC grants ST/T000198/1 and ST/S006109/1. The ATLAS science products have been made possible through the contributions of the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy, the Queen's University Belfast, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the South African Astronomical Observatory, and The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS), Chile. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Based on observations obtained at the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, which is a joint project of the Minist ' erio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovaces (MCTI/LNA) do Brasil, the US National Science Foundation`s NOIRLab, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), and Michigan State University (MSU). This work has made use of data from the Gamma-ray Burst Optical/Near-infrared Detector (GROND) instrument at the 2.2 MPE telescope at La Silla, Chile. Part of the funding for GROND (both hardware as well as personnel) was generously granted from the Leibniz-Prize to Prof. G. Hasinger (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant HA 1850/28-1). GROND data were obtained under European Southern Observatory (ESO) programme ID 0103.A-9099. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and operated by the California Institute of Technology. This research made use of Photutils, an Astropy package for detection and photometry of astronomical sources (Bradley et al. 2020). Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla or Paranal Observatories under ESO programme ID 179.A-2010. IRAF is distributed by the National Optical Astronomy Observatories, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. This research made use of NUMPY (Harris et al. 2020), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007), and ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018).We present optical spectroscopy together with ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared photometry of SN 2019hcc, which resides in a host galaxy at redshift 0.044, displaying a sub-solar metallicity. The supernova spectrum near peak epoch shows a ‘w’ shape at around 4000 Å which is usually associated with OII lines and is typical of Type I superluminous supernovae. SN 2019hcc post-peak spectra show a well-developed Hα P-Cygni profile from 19 d past maximum and its light curve, in terms of its absolute peak luminosity and evolution, resembles that of a fast-declining Hydrogen-rich supernova (SN IIL). The object does not show any unambiguous sign of interaction as there is no evidence of narrow lines in the spectra or undulations in the light curve. Our TARDIS spectral modelling of the first spectrum shows that carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen (CNO) at 19 000 K reproduce the ‘w’ shape and suggests that a combination of non-thermally excited CNO and metal lines at 8000K could reproduce the feature seen at 4000 Å. The Bolometric light-curve modelling reveals that SN 2019hcc could be fit with a magnetar model, showing a relatively strong magnetic field (B > 3 × 1014 G), which matches the peak luminosity and rise time without powering up the light curve to superluminous luminosities. The high-energy photons produced by the magnetar would then be responsible for the detected OII lines. As a consequence, SN 2019hcc shows that a ‘w’ shape profile at around 4000 Å, usually attributed to OII, is not only shown in superluminous supernovae and hence it should not be treated as the sole evidence of the belonging to such a supernova type.European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Chile, ePESSTO/ePESSTO+ extended Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey for Transient Objects Survey). ePESSTO+ observations were obtained under ESO program) 1103.D-0328Google IncorporatedEuropean Space Agency's (ESA) Summer of Code in Space programAlexander von Humboldt FoundationEU under Marie Sklodowska-Curie H2020-MSCA-IF-2018-842471Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CHILE/2017-72180113Polish Narodowe Centrum Nauki (NCN) MAESTRO grant 2014/14/A/ST9/00121Royal Astronomical Society Research FellowshipSKA South Africa 839090European Commission PGC2018-095317-B-C21VILLUM FONDEN 19054National Science Foundation (NSF) AST-1911225 AST-1911151National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) 80NSSC19K1639 NN12AR55G 80NSSC18K0284 80NSSC18K1575UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC)European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 730890Kepler/K2 grant J1944/80NSSC19K0112 HST GO-15889UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/T000198/1 ST/S006109/1Gaia Multilateral AgreementGRONDGerman Research Foundation (DFG) HA 1850/28-1European Southern Observatory (ESO) programme 0103.A-9099National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)ESO Telescopes at the La Silla or Paranal Observatories under ESO programme 179.A-201

"… früher bin ich auf dem Dach gesprungen wie ein Eichhörnchen, heute gehe ich wie ein Elefant …"

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema Sport und Bewegung älterer Menschen und hinterfragt, welchen Einfluss die in unserer Gesellschaft vorherrschenden kulturgebundenen Vorstellungen vom Alter und Altern auf die befragten Seniorensport-TrainerInnen haben. Durch die aufgezeigten facettenreichen Perspektiven der aktuellen und historischen sozio-kulturellen Konstruktionen von Alter(n) und Bewegung wurde das Thema, als ein uns alle betreffendes lebensweltliches Problem, in seiner breiten gesellschaftlichen Relevanz diskutiert. Dabei wurde die Frage behandelt, ob sportliche Aktivität im Alter bewusst oder unbewusst als Coping-Strategie im Alterungsprozess eingesetzt wird, um den angenommenen heute immer größer werdenden Leistungsdruck, welcher zunehmend auf der alternden Bevölkerung lastet, besser bewältigen zu können. Zu diesem Zweck wurden zehn semi-strukturierte qualitative Interviews mit Seniorensport-TrainerInnen durchgeführt. Als besonderen Schwerpunkt wird der Zusammenhang von Körperbild und Identität im Alter behandelt. Dies erfolgte anhand der Diskussion der Analyseergebnisse mit drei zentralen Konzepten nämlich das von Pierre Bourdieu beschriebene Körperkapital, Cheryl Lazs Konzept des accomplishments und die von Robert Gugutzer erarbeiteten vier Leib-Körper-Kategorien. Außerdem werden die verschiedenen Ausprägungen von körperlicher Aktivität, die Häufigkeit und die unterschiedlichen Motive, sich körperlich und sportlich zu betätigen, von Seniorensport-TrainerInnen und der älteren österreichischen Bevölkerung – ob in Vereinen, privat im Fitnesscenter oder mit dem Partner im Freien – behandelt. Zentraler Aspekt der Arbeit ist es, dem Phänomen Seniorensport näher zu kommen und seine vielen Gesichter darzustellen, da bedingt durch die vorhandene Diversität des Alter(n)s keine klare Definition von Seniorensport anhand meiner Daten vorzufinden war.The present thesis deals with the topic sport and physical activity of the elderly and investigates the impact of social and cultural ideas of age and aging on the sports trainer for the elderly [Seniorensport-TrainerInnen]. By presenting the multi-faceted perspectives of current and historical socio-cultural constructions of age, aging and physical activity of the elderly this life-world problem can be exposed in its broad social relevance. This thesis addressed the question whether physical activity is consciously or unconsciously used by the elderly as a coping strategy to deal with the increasing pressure put on the elderly. For this purpose, ten semi-structured interviews with sports trainer for the elderly have been conducted. A particular emphasis was put on the relationship between body image and identity in the aging process. The discussion was based on the analysis results on three central concepts, namely Cheryl Laz´s concept of accomplishments, Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of body capital [Körperkapital] and Robert Gugutzer´s four categories of lived body vs. physical body [vier Leib-Körper-Kategorien] In addition, the various forms of physical activity, the frequency and the different motives of the Austrian elderly and the questioned sports trainer for the elderly to be physically active will be discussed and presented. A central aspect of the present work, because of the existing diversity of age, is to show the many faces of the phenomenon of sports for the elderly to help to draw a holistic picture of the elderly and age today

Rewinding a supernova with machine learning

This thesis focuses on supernova (SN) spectra. It begins by examining SN 2019hcc, an unusual SN which displays a 'w'-shape in its early spectrum characteristic of a certain class of SN (the ultra-bright and exotic Type I superluminous supernovae, SLSNe I) but, by all other criteria, appears to be an ordinary core-collapse Type II. This work is expanded upon in a subsequent chapter by investigating this 'w'-shape via a quantitative analysis of these lines' properties for a sample of SLSNe I, and their correlation to other physical quantities. This analysis also includes spectral modelling of SN spectra for various elemental compositions, in order to better understand the contributions to the 'w'-shape by different ions. This work has significance in expanding our understanding of the mechanisms involved in producing the ultra-bright SLSNe. The study of SN spectra takes another angle in the final chapter on machine learning to predict SN spectra, which takes a large sample of publicly available core-collapse Type II SNe as the training sample for an algorithm to create synthetic spectra in order to augment and supplement existing datasets. This work allows us to make use of the massive volume of astronomical data available in augmenting our existing data and could allow for applications to population studies, spectral template libraries, and cosmology

Influence of parameters of drying on laser induced diffuse reflectance of banana discs

Banana discs of 1 cm thickness were immersed into different antioxidant solutions to slow down potentially disturbing discoloration during drying. Samples were randomly split into 8 groups according to the 2^p experimental design. Two antioxidant solutions with 1.66% and 4.59% ascorbic acid, two levels of drying temperature with 50°C and 80°C, two levels of drying time with 6h and 8h were used or adjusted. Laser diodes of seven wavelengths (532, 635, 650, 780, 808, 850 and 1064 nm) were selected to illuminate the surface and light penetration pattern was evaluated on the basis of radial profiles. Profiles acquired at three wavelengths (532, 635 and 650 nm) were found to respond sensitively to adjusted parameters. As a result of drying, intensity decay was observed to move closer to incident point. Significant effect (p<0.01) of temperature, drying time and their interaction was found on extracted descriptive attributes of intensity profiles: full width at half maximum (FWHM), distance of inflection point (DIP) and slope of logarithmic decay (SLD). Beyond their presence, antioxidant concentration was neutral factor without significant contribution to the model. Results were in agreement with reference spectroscopic measurements, especially with NDVI index. Promising results suggest that evaluated method might be suitable for monitoring purposes during drying of fruits

Early detection of cobweb disease infection on Agaricus bisporus sporocarps using hyperspectral imaging

From the nineteen-nineties, cobweb disease caused serious losses for the mushroom sector in Europe, in the USA, and in Australia (Fletcher &amp; Gaze, 2008), so it is one of the most notable fungal infections of cultivated white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). The aim of this study was to identify cobweb disease (Cladobortyum dendroides) caused cap spotting and brownish rot on the mushroom sporocarp, and to find a proper discrimination method in the case of this infection.Fruiting body samples were divided into 4 groups, a control one and three others treated with different chemicals that are tested against fungal infections. The groups were subdivided into 2 portions and the first was infected with cobweb disease. Images of the caps were recorded and their hyperspectral images were acquired in the wavelength range of 900–1700 nm.On the hyperspectral images infected and healthy areas were selected, on these average spectra differences were found around the known water peaks (1200 and 1450 nm). The spatial distribution of the water content can be used for the detection of the spoilage, because the infected areas showed different reflection values at these water absorption peaks.Support Vector Machine method was applied successfully to discriminate between the infected and control groups and Monte Carlo cross-validation was carried out

Elimination of Bottlenecks of Short Food Chains by Technological and Non-technological Innovations in Short Food Supply Chains

The objective of this work is to identify the typical problems, barriers, needs of the Short Food Supply Chains (SFSCs), and the appropriate technological and non-technological innovations for improving their performance and to identify and characterize their applicability.With the analysis of these inventories of the typical needs of the SFSCs and the solutions, such patterns of strengths and weaknesses can be established, which can be used for the identification of the typical bottlenecks and potential success factors of SFSCs.The rapid development of digital technologies provides a range of new enabling functions of solutions, which can be adapted for SFSCs

Application of digital solutions to improve the operation of short food supply chains

Short food supply chains (SFSCs) are today widely promoted due to the positive impact on social, economic and environmental sustainability. However, short chains face several specific challenges (e.g., meeting the requirements of consumers and ensuring optimal operations). The application of innovative solutions and digitalisation can support the actors of SFSCs to achieve these goals. Solutions and methods were collected based on the innovativeness and applicability of SFSCs. Systematic analysis of the needs of SFSCs for technological and non-technological innovations was carried out by partners of the SmartChain project. Based on the research, recommendations were made for the participating SFSCs regarding potential innovations. A significant proportion of the identified solutions have digital elements that were collectively assessed as a suitable solution in the case of the studied SFSCs. The current work provides an overview of the potential implementation of the collected innovative solutions having digital elements and addresses the primary needs and issues of SFSCs where the application is relevant. Highlighted areas of performance are marketing, communication, packaging and labelling, and logistics

Város és reprezentáció = City, urbanity and representation

A 2004-ben induló, több önálló projektet magában foglaló kutatás középpontjában annak vizsgálata állt, hogy miképpen fonódik egybe egy város fizikai valósága kulturális képekkel, képzetekkel, történetekkel és társadalmi imaginációkkal. Azt vizsgáltuk meg, hogyan jelennek meg a városi terek irodalmi szövegekben, élettörténetekben, emlékezési rítusokban, a térhasználatban, különböző performance-okban. Elemeztük a térhasználat, azaz a terek kulturális jelentéssel telítésének folyamatait. Vizsgáltuk, hogy milyen térhasználati módok léteznek, ezek milyen összefüggéseket mutatnak konkrét történeti, társadalmi időszakokkal, a kollektív, vagy a személyes emlékezet síkjaival, az egyéni, vagy a közösségi identitás gyakorlataival. Célkitűzésünk kettős volt. Egyrészt azoknak az általános szimbolikus mechanizmusoknak és reprezentációs stratégiáknak a megmutatására törekedtünk, amelyek révén egy adott földrajzi térből belakott, bejárt, használt, leírt, eljátszott, emlékezett, azaz kulturálisan létrehozott tér, város lesz. Másrészt azt térképeztük föl, hogy milyen az a konkrét kulturális kontextus, melyek azok a sajátos tartalmak, képek és mítoszok, társadalmi és szimbolikus gyakorlatok, amelyek a szimbolikus értelemben vett Pécset megalkotják. Ez a kettős perspektíva az egyes projekteken belül, de azok egymásraépülésén, a különböző témák, módszerek és nézőpontok között létrejövő "dialógusban" is érvényesült. A támogatott időszakban a kutatómunka eredményeit konferenciákon, tanulmányokban, tanulmánykötetekben, és kiállítások létrehozásával prezentáltuk. | This project has been started in 2004. The project has focused on the issue of relationship between physical reality of cities and its cultural images, imaginations, histories. We have investigated how urban spaces appear in literary texts, biographies, rites of memories and in different performances. We analysed different processes of use of urban space, and of its cultural meanings. We dissect the different forms of use of urban space, and its relationships to given historical and social periods, to different aspects of collective and personal memory, to practices of collective and individual identity. The project had a double aim. We were going to describe those symbolic mechanisms and strategies of representations which turned geographical space into lived, used, memorized cultural space, into a city. At the same time we analysed and described the cultural context of contents, images, and myths, which create symbolically the city of Pécs. This double perspective in each parts of the project, its interconnection, the relationship between different themes, methods, and approaches has been expressed in "dialogs" between the projects. During this time we presented the products of our research on conferences, in volumes, books, and exhibitions