Complete Plastid Genome Sequences of Two Species of the Neotropical Genus Brunellia (Brunelliaceae)

Here we present the first two complete plastid genomes for Brunelliaceae, a Neotropical family with a single genus, Brunellia. We surveyed the entire plastid genome in order to find variable cpDNA regions for further phylogenetic analyses across the family. We sampled morphologically different species, B. antioquensis and B. trianae, and found that the plastid genomes are 157,685 and 157,775 bp in length and display the typical quadripartite structure found in angiosperms. Despite the clear morphological distinction between both species, the molecular data show a very low level of divergence. The amount of nucleotide substitutions per site is one of the lowest reported to date among published congeneric studies (π = 0.00025). The plastid genomes have gene order and content coincident with other COM (Celastrales, Oxalidales, Malpighiales) relatives. Phylogenetic analyses of selected superrosid representatives show high bootstrap support for the ((C,M)O) topology. The N-fixing clade appears as the sister group of the COM clade and Zygophyllales as the sister to the rest of the fabids group

Eukariotic phytoplankton biomass and its availability for the food web at Riogrande II reservoir (Antioquia, Colombia)

RESUMEN: Con el objetivo de establecer la biomasa de carbono contenida en el fitoplancton eucariota del embalse Riogrande II (Antioquia, Colombia), entre agosto de 2011 y agosto de 2012, la porción de esa biomasa disponible para el zooplancton filtrador y la calidad de alimento que podría representar para dicho grupo, el fitoplancton se clasificó en dos rangos de longitud correspondientes a nanoplancton (5 a 20 μm) y microplancton (>20 μm). Para ambos grupos se calculó el contenido de carbono celular y la biomasa total en contenido de carbono. Además, para el nanoplancton, el cual corresponde a la fracción filtrable, se estimaron las concentraciones de nitrato y de fosfato. Los altos niveles de biomasa de organismos fototróficos evidenciaron el papel fundamental del fitoplancton eucariótico en la fijación de carbono. Sin embargo, debido a la eutrofización del sistema y a que la talla del zooplancton dominante es pequeña, el flujo de carbono y de nutrientes parece estar dirigido principalmente hacia la vía detrítica y las sustancias disueltas, y no directamente al zooplancton filtrador, cuya principal fuente de alimento en el fitoplancton eucariótico la constituyen los organismos nanoplanctónicos mixotróficos (Cryptophyta y Euglenophyta), que en función de un mayor volumen poseen concentraciones más elevadas de nitrato y fosfato y, por lo tanto, pueden proveer alimento de mejor calidad que el resto del nanoplancton.ABSTRACT: In order to establish the carbon biomass content in the eukaryotic phytoplankton at Riogrande II reservoir (Antioquia, Colombia) from August 2011 to August 2012, as well as the portion of this available biomass for filter-feeding zooplankton and the quality of food it could represent for each group, we classified phytoplankton considering two length ranges corresponding to nanoplankton (5 to 20 μm) and microplankton (>20 μm). We estimated the cellular carbon content and the total biomass represented as carbon content for both groups. We also estimated nitrate and phosphate concentrations for the nanoplankton, which corresponds to the filterable fraction. The high levels of phototrophic organisms biomass showed the essential role of eukaryotic phytoplankton in carbon fixation; however, due to the eutrophication of this reservoir and to the small size of dominant zooplankton, the carbon flux and nutrients seemed to be directed mainly to the detrital track and to dissolved substances and not directly to the filter-feeding zooplankton, whose main food source among eukaryotic phytoplankton is constituted by mixotrophic nanoplanktonic organisms (such as Cryptophyta and Euglenophyta), that according to their greater volume have higher concentrations of nitrate and phosphate and, therefore, can provide better quality food than the remaining nanoplankton

Report of the Special-purpose Committee on Virtual Participation in the Nomenclature Section

The Special-purpose Committee on Virtual Participation in the Nomenclature Section was established by the XIX International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Shenzhen, China in 2017, with the mandate “to investigate the possibility of and mechanisms for virtual participation and voting in the Nomenclature Section of an International Botanical Congress via the internet” and to report to the XX IBC. The wide access to the World Wide Web and availability of software for virtual meetings makes the possibility for virtual (online) attendance and voting at a Nomenclature Section seem attainable and advisable. In order to make informed recommendations, we discussed various aspects of online attendance and voting, such as: who should be able to observe?; what would qualify a person to cast institutional votes and personal votes?; if the accumulation of institutional votes should be allowed by an online voter; registration of online voters; how costs would be covered; and recommendations for online attendees. This report provides a synthesis of our discussions and is necessary for interpreting the proposals of this Special-purpose Committee to change aspects of Div. III (Provisions for governance) of the Code (Landrum & al. in Taxon 70: 1397–1398. 2021). This report and those proposals should be consulted together.Fil: Landrum, Leslie R.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Fortunato, Renee Hersilia. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: Barkworth, Mary. State University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Breitwieser, Ilse. Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research; Nueva ZelandaFil: Demissew, Sebsebe. Addis Ababa University; EtiopíaFil: Dönmez, Ali A.. Hacettepe University; TurquíaFil: Dutta, Suchandra. Rishi Dayaram And Seth Hassaram National College And Seth Wassiamull Assomull Science College; IndiaFil: Freire Fierro, Alina. Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam; EcuadorFil: Kim, Young Dong. Hallym University; Corea del SurFil: León, Blanca. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; PerúFil: Moore, Gerry. United States Department of Agriculture; Estados UnidosFil: Mosyakin, Sergei L.. Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; UcraniaFil: Oh, Sang Hun. Daejeon University; Corea del SurFil: Parra-O, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Prado, Jefferson. Instituto de Botânica de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Rico Arce, Lourdes. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad; México. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino UnidoFil: Sennikov, Alexander N.. Russian Academy of Sciences; Rusia. University of Helsinki; FinlandiaFil: Smith, Gideon F.. Nelson Mandela University; Sudáfric

Mono-crystalline silicon wafers manufactured by casting methods: Optoelectronic, structural and solar cell study

1) Introduction 2) The Quasi-mono, pseudo-mono, mono-like ERA. 3) Manufacturing mono-cast ingots: COST (seed recycling) 4) Summary and findings 5) Current status at DCWafer

Module 5: Addressing Climate Change - Project: Training educators for the development of educational activities on climate change

This document addresses both global and national (Bolivian) responses to climate change and how to appropriately address it; includes cases studies documented in Bolivia

Module 3: Causes of Climate Change - Project: Training educators for the development of educational activities on climate change

This document provides detailed explanations and information about the natural and human causes of climate change

Module 2: Greenhouse Gas Effect - Project: Training educators for the development of educational activities on climate change

This document provides detailed information and an explanation of the Greenhouse Gas Effect and its associated cycles