ANÁLISIS DE ESTRATEGIA EN REDES SOCIALES PARA EL SECTOR DE LOS RESTAURANTES COLOMBIANOS EN TIEMPOS DE CRISIS POR LA PANDEMIA COVID-19

El mercadeo en redes sociales es una de las tendencias más importantes en la actualidad, ya que las empresas, incluidos los restaurantes han tenido que migrar a los entornos digitales para sobrevivir a la crisis causada por la pandemia Covid-19. El objetivo de este documento es analizar la estrategia de los restaurantes colombianos en las dos redes sociales con mayor Retorno sobre la inversión en Latinoamérica: Facebook e Instagram (Hubspot, 2021), y realizar un análisis de correlación entre las variables seleccionadas permitiendo así definir, mejorar e informar acerca de las mejores prácticas en el sector. Para alcanzar este objetivo se recolectó por medio de netnografía la información de una muestra de 146 restaurantes colombianos, y se analizaron de forma general, para posteriormente hacer una división entre franquiciado o no, esto último con la intención de conocer si hay fortalezas en la estrategia en redes sociales que las diferencian de los restaurantes que no lo son, y así determinar si cuentan con mejores prácticas que puedan ser adoptadas por el sector

Model of innovation in agriculture 4.0 processes in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia

Innovation in agriculture plays a fundamental role in the transition of said production towards more sustainable schemes, hence the importance of its study, especially in relation to production processes. The literature shows that although several studies have been carried out that examine the variables that intervene in the innovation processes in the agricultural sector, there is a lack of studies that examine the innovation processes in Colombia. This is why the fundamental objective of this research is to develop a model that explains the main factors that are related to process innovation in the agricultural sector, using concepts derived from organizational innovation process models developed in the literature. The factors identification methodology used a sample of 1,190 Agricultural Production Units (UPA) collected in the National Agricultural Survey, incorporating only producers from the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. With this sample, and using for the analysis the variables that are developed in the literature, a principal components factorial analysis was carried out, as well as a second-order confirmatory factorial analysis. The factor analysis shows three latent factors, among them “Innovation in Raw Materials”, “Innovation in crops” and “Innovation in management of External Factors”, which, being the most significant for the process innovation process, should be considered as fundamental part of the government's public policies to facilitate its adoption in Colombian agriculture in the future

Unravelling Consumer Preferences and Segments: Implications for Pakistan’s Mandarin Industry Development through Market Relocation

peer reviewedRising food security and safety concerns in developing countries have highlighted the importance of establishing efficient and dependable food distribution systems, which necessitate a thorough understanding of consumers and their needs. Thus, this study unravels consumer segments, their preferences, and socio-economic composition so that stakeholders in Pakistan’s mandarin (locally known as Kinnow) industry can improve their practices and supply consumers’ desired quality. Primary data were collected through an intercept survey of 540 mandarin consumers in four major cities of Pakistan. Collected data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis, Mean ANOVA, and Post-Hoc tests for consumer segmentation and profiling. The study classified consumers into three groups: ‘value seekers’ (45.74%), ‘Kinnow lovers’ (26.85%), and ‘perfectionists’ (27.41%) related to their choice of various attributes of fresh mandarin fruits. The three segments significantly differed in their preferences for quality attributes, consumption and purchase preferences, and socio-economic composition. The study highlights the implications of understanding consumer preferences and market segmentation for private and public stakeholders in the mandarin industry. The existence of consumer segments with distinct quality preferences urges value chain actors to upgrade and align their practices with consumer requirements. The study findings provide insights for deciding relevant crop/cultivar mix with due consideration to geographically distinct consumer segments and land suitability. The findings may also be useful to relevant public-sector institutions in developing policies and programs for the development of the horticultural industries in Pakistan

Risk Factors in Various Climates of Wheat Production in Western Iran: Experts’ Opinions

Agriculture is the origin of existence and survival in any society. However, this sector is always associated with risk and uncertainty, and farmers are faced with many challenges. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to explore the (production) risk factors of irrigated wheat production systems among farmers in Kermanshah province, Iran. The exploratory nature of this study on the one hand and the need for expert judgment on the other hand necessitated a Delphi research design. Thus, this study utilized a three-round Delphi technique. The population comprised of 10 subject-matter experts (SME) and 32 agricultural extension experts in two climates (warm and semi-arid and cold and moderate) in seven counties in Kermanshah province. A purposeful (complete) sample of 42 experts in the agricultural field participated in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed on the basis of the Delphi technique. The findings indicated that, after three rounds of Delphi technique, the panel members reached a consensus on 75 factors which were categorized into biological, natural, managerial, and technological-structural groups for production risk. The results of this research provide useful insights for researchers, extension agents, and farmers

Neuromanagement: actualización de la metáfora “organización como cerebro” de Gareth Morgan (1986)

las nuevas teorías sobre gestión organizacional giran en torno al entendimiento del individuo y su interacción dentro de la organización con el fin de hacer más efectivos cada uno de los procesos que se llevan a cabo para el cumplimiento de su objetivo. Este artículo busca hacer una revisión bibliográfica para actualizar y profundizar en la evolución de la metáfora de organización como cerebro expuesta por Gareth Morgan en 1986, llegando a relacionarla con la corriente en el campo de la gestión denominada neuromanagement. En el desarrollo del artículo se presta especial atención a tres temas de gran importancia para hacer el símil: aprendizaje individual y organizacional, coeficiente intelectual (CI) y la relación neurotransmisores - cultura organizacional. Finalmente, se exponen los impactos del uso de esta metáfora en la gestión de las organizaciones. Palabras clave: Neuromanagement, Gareth Morgan, cerebro, aprendizaje organizacional, cultura organizacional, inteligencia organizaciona

Análisis de estrategia en redes sociales para el sector de los restaurantes colombianos en tiempos de crisis por la pandemia covid-19

Social media marketing is one of the most important trends today, as companies, including restaurants, have had to migrate to digital environments to survive the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The objective of this document is to analyze the strategy of Colombian restaurants on the two social networks with the highest Return on Investment in Latin America: Facebook and Instagram (Hubspot, 2021), and to perform a correlation analysis between the selected variables, thus defining, improving, and informing about best practices in the sector. To achieve this goal, information was collected through netnography from a sample of 146 Colombian restaurants, and they were analyzed in general, and then divided between franchised or not, the latter with the intention of determining if there are strengths in the social media strategy that differentiate them from non-franchised restaurants, and thus determine if they have better practices that can be adopted by the sector.El mercadeo en redes sociales es una de las tendencias más importantes en la actualidad, ya que las empresas, incluidos los restaurantes han tenido que migrar a los entornos digitales para sobrevivir a la crisis causada por la pandemia Covid-19. El objetivo de este documento es analizar la estrategia de los restaurantes colombianos en las dos redes sociales con mayor Retorno sobre la inversión en Latinoamérica: Facebook e Instagram (Hubspot, 2021), y realizar un análisis de correlación entre las variables seleccionadas permitiendo así definir, mejorar e informar acerca de las mejores prácticas en el sector. Para alcanzar este objetivo se recolectó por medio de netnografía la información de una muestra de 146 restaurantes colombianos, y se analizaron de forma general, para posteriormente hacer una división entre franquiciado o no, esto último con la intención de conocer si hay fortalezas en la estrategia en redes sociales que las diferencian de los restaurantes que no lo son, y así determinar si cuentan con mejores prácticas que puedan ser adoptadas por el sector

IMPULSIONADORES, MOTIVAÇÕES E RESULTADOS ESPERADOS DA AQUISIÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIA EM AGRONEGÓCIOS NO DEPARTAMENTO DE CUNDINAMARCA, COLÔMBIA

In recent years, very little attention has been paid by academia to the factors that influence farmers to acquire technology, especially in developing countries where there is great potential for growth and sophistication of the sector. Although, in previous studies it has been shown that the economic benefit is the main reason given by the producers to adopt the available technology, other attitudes play a role in the acquisition decision. The objective of this project is to identify the drivers, motivations and expected results that are decisive for agricultural companies to intend to acquire technology. Through the weighted analysis of the variables, we seek to establish the relationship of the observed variables, through a quantitative methodology of multivariate analysis. The most representative relationship is the improvement of the profitability of the activity with the development of information technologies, thus evidencing a very relevant relationship for the commercialization and marketing chain of the products of the UPAs (Agricultural Production Units).En los últimos años se ha prestado muy poca atención por parte de la academia a los factores que influyen para que los agricultores adquieran tecnología, especialmente en países en desarrollo donde se encuentra un gran potencial de crecimiento y sofisticación del sector. Si bien, en estudios anteriores se ha demostrado que el beneficio económico es la razón principal dada por los productores para adoptar la tecnología disponible, otras actitudes juegan un papel en la decisión de adquisición. Este proyecto tiene como objetivo identificar los inductores, motivaciones y resultados esperados determinantes para que las empresas agrícolas tengan la intención de adquirir tecnología. Por medio del análisis ponderado de las variables se busca establecer la relación de las variables observadas, a través de una metodología cuantitativa de análisis multivariado. La relación más representativa es la mejora de la rentabilidad de la actividad con el desarrollo de tecnologías de información, evidenciando de esta manera una relación muy pertinente para la cadena de comercialización y mercadeo de los productos de las UPAs (Unidades de Producción Agrícola).Nos últimos anos, muito pouca atenção tem sido dada pela academia aos fatores que influenciam os agricultores a adquirir tecnologia, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento onde há grande potencial de crescimento e sofisticação do setor. Embora, em estudos anteriores, tenha sido demonstrado que o benefício econômico é o principal motivo dado pelos produtores para adotar a tecnologia disponível, outras atitudes influenciam na decisão de aquisição. O objetivo deste projeto é identificar os direcionadores, motivações e resultados esperados que são decisivos para que as empresas agrícolas pretendam adquirir tecnologia. Através da análise ponderada das variáveis, procuramos estabelecer a relação das variáveis observadas, através de uma metodologia quantitativa de análise multivariada. A relação mais representativa é a melhoria da rentabilidade da atividade com o desenvolvimento das tecnologias de informação, evidenciando assim uma relação muito relevante para a cadeia de comercialização e comercialização dos produtos das UPAs (Unidades de Produção Agropecuária)

Cambios en la gestión estratégica de las organizaciones chinas a causa de los conflictos comerciales y la pandemia covid-19

The objective of this research article is to analyze how, in recent years, the strategic management of Chinese organizations has been primarily affected by the trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, an extensive review of previous studies and official reports was conducted through a qualitative study with a descriptive focus. As a conclusion, it was found that international trade has weakened in China and that companies are operating under greater pressures, such as the need for sustainability and the lack of opportunities to acquire financial resources. Accordingly, companies are reorienting towards their domestic consumption to dominate technological development, especially in areas such as e-commerce, 5G connections, and artificial intelligence, thus seeking to reduce their dependence on manufacturing and exports.El objetivo de este artículo de investigación es analizar cómo, en los últimos años, la gestión estratégica de las organizaciones chinas se ha visto afectada principalmente por la guerra comercial y la pandemia de COVID-19. Para ello, se realizó una extensa revisión de estudios previos y de reportes oficiales mediante un estudio cualitativo con enfoque descriptivo. Como conclusión, se encontró que en China se ha debilitado el comercio internacional y que las empresas están actuando bajo mayores presiones, como la necesidad de sostenibilidad y la falta de oportunidades para adquirir recursos financieros. De este modo, las empresas se están reorientando hacia su consumo interno para dominar el desarrollo tecnológico, especialmente en áreas como el comercio electrónico, las conexiones 5G y la inteligencia artificial, buscando así reducir su dependencia de la manufactura y las exportaciones

Development of a scale to remove farmers’ sustainability barriers to meteorological information in Iran

peer reviewedEven with significant breakthroughs in the production and delivery of meteorological information, most farmers are not able to utilize such information properly and pertinently. Up to the present time, a standardized scale has not been developed to examine farmers’ sustainability barriers to meteorological information use (BMIU). Furthermore, there is no doubt that identifying indicators and dimensions of sustainability barriers to meteorological information and weather forecasts’ usage by farmers can play a major role in their adaptation and resilience to the risks of climate change. Therefore, the present study aimed to generate and validate a scale for BMIU by farmers through an eight-step approach. Accordingly, the statistical population included 9006 Iranian farmers, 368 of whom were selected as study samples. The principal component factor analysis (PCFA) and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were further practiced to develop the scale for meteorological information and weather forecasts’ use. Factor analysis also led to the emergence of five latent factors including “educational–communicative barriers (ECBs)”, “normative barriers (NBs)”, “informational barriers (IBs)”, “infrastructural–political barriers (IPBs)”, and “professional–economic barriers (PEBs)”. The second-order CFA correspondingly confirmed these five factors and their 25 related indicators. Given the challenges facing academic scholars, decision makers, and authorities in the application and facilitation of meteorological information, the developed multidimensional scale in this study along with its implementation steps can be effective in examining the limitations of utilizing such information and measuring its impacts in different agricultural communities