197 research outputs found
Super-integrability and Deformed Oscillator Realisations of Quantum TTW Hamiltonians on Constant-Curvature Manifolds and with Reflections in a Plane
We extend the method for constructing symmetry operators of higher order for
two-dimensional quantum Hamiltonians by Kalnins, Kress and Miller (2010). This
expansion method expresses the integral in a finite power series in terms of
lower degree integrals so as to exhibit it as a first-order differential
operators. One advantage of this approach is that it does not require the a
priori knowledge of the explicit eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian nor the
action of their raising and lowering operators as in their recurrence approach
(2011). We obtain insight into the two-dimensional Hamiltonians of radial
oscillator type with general second-order differential operators for the
angular variable. We then re-examine the Hamiltonian of Tremblay, Turbiner and
Winternitz (2009) as well as a deformation discovered by Post, Vinet and
Zhedanov (2011) which possesses reflection operators. We will extend the
analysis to spaces of constant curvature. We present explicit formulas for the
integrals and the symmetry algebra, the Casimir invariant and oscillator
realisations with finite-dimensional irreps which fill a gap in the literature.Comment: 28 page
The organization of conspecific face space in nonhuman primates
Humans and chimpanzees demonstrate numerous cognitive specializations for processing faces, but comparative studies with monkeys suggest that these may be the result of recent evolutionary adaptations. The present study utilized the novel approach of face space, a powerful theoretical framework used to understand the representation of face identity in humans, to further explore species differences in face processing. According to the theory, faces are represented by vectors in a multidimensional space, the centre of which is defined by an average face. Each dimension codes features important for describing a face's identity, and vector length codes the feature's distinctiveness. Chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys discriminated male and female conspecifics' faces, rated by humans for their distinctiveness, using a computerized task. Multidimensional scaling analyses showed that the organization of face space was similar between humans and chimpanzees. Distinctive faces had the longest vectors and were the easiest for chimpanzees to discriminate. In contrast, distinctiveness did not correlate with the performance of rhesus monkeys. The feature dimensions for each species' face space were visualized and described using morphing techniques. These results confirm species differences in the perceptual representation of conspecific faces, which are discussed within an evolutionary framework
Stromal cell derived factor-1: its influence on invasiveness and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro, and its association with prognosis and survival in human breast cancer
INTRODUCTION: Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 (CXC chemokine ligand-12) is a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines, which, through its cognate receptor (CXC chemokine receptor [CXCR]4), plays an important role in chemotaxis of cancer cells and in tumour metastasis. We conducted the present study to evaluate the effect of SDF-1 on the invasiveness and migration of breast cancer cells, and we analyzed the expression of SDF-1 and its relation to clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes in human breast cancer. METHOD: Expression of SDF-1 mRNA in breast cancer, endothelial (HECV) and fibroblast (MRC5) cell lines and in human breast tissues were studied using RT-PCR. MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with a SDF-1 expression vector, and their invasiveness and migration was tested in vitro. In addition, the expression of SDF-1 was investigated using immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR in samples of normal human mammary tissue (n = 32) and mammary tumour (n = 120). RESULTS: SDF-1 expression was identified in MRC5, MDA-MB-435s and MDA-MB-436 cell lines, but CXCR4 expression was detected in all cell lines and breast tissues. An autocrine loop was created following transfection of MDA-MB-231 (which was CXCR4 positive and SDF-1 negative) with a mammalian expression cassette encoding SDF-1 (MDA-MB-231SDF1(+/+)) or with control plasmid pcDNA4/GFP (MDA-MB-231(+/-)). MDA-MB-231SDF1(+/+ )cells exhibited significantly greater invasion and migration potential (in transfected cells versus in wild type and empty MDA-MB-231(+/-); P < 0.01). In mammary tissues SDF-1 staining was primarily seen in stromal cells and weakly in mammary epithelial cells. Significantly higher levels of SDF-1 were seen in node-positive than in node-negative tumours (P = 0.05), in tumours that metastasized (P = 0.05), and tumours from patients who died (P = 0.03) than in tumours from patients who were disease free. It was most notable that levels of SDF-1 correlated significantly with overall survival (P = 0.001) and incidence-free survival (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: SDF-1 can increase the invasiveness and migration of breast cancer cells. Its levels correlated with node involvement and long-term survival in patients with breast cancer. SDF-1 may therefore have potential value in assessing clinical outcomes of patients with breast cancer
Exploring the benefits and barriers to Nordic walking in people with Parkinson's disease: a feasibility study
Background - Nordic Walking (NW) has shown promising outcomes for people with Parkinson’s Disease (PwPD). Aim - To explore implementation of NW in the National Health Service. Method - Literature review and feasibility study. PwPD joined an eight week NW programme. Attendance and measures of mobility (Timed Up and Go (TUG), ten metre walk test) and quality of life (QoL) (PD non-motor questionnaire) were recorded pre and post intervention. Barriers and facilitators and cost were recorded.Findings - Eight studies indicated that NW is superior to walking and flexibility/ relaxation exercise, with improvements in postural stability and gait. Nine of ten participants completed the intervention with improvements in mobility (0.16 seconds faster (TUG), 1.27 seconds faster (ten metre walk test), and QoL (better sleep, pain management, constipation, mood, exercising outside) after the intervention. Cost £6.50 per participant per session with no adverse events. Conclusion - NW programmes can be safely delivered in the NHS, in partnership with British Nordic walking
Effective immunity and second waves: a dynamic causal modelling study
This technical report addresses a pressing issue in the trajectory of the
coronavirus outbreak; namely, the rate at which effective immunity is lost
following the first wave of the pandemic. This is a crucial epidemiological
parameter that speaks to both the consequences of relaxing lockdown and the
propensity for a second wave of infections. Using a dynamic causal model of
reported cases and deaths from multiple countries, we evaluated the evidence
models of progressively longer periods of immunity. The results speak to an
effective population immunity of about three months that, under the model,
defers any second wave for approximately six months in most countries. This may
have implications for the window of opportunity for tracking and tracing, as
well as for developing vaccination programmes, and other therapeutic
interventions.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables (technical report
Changes in biodiversity and trade-offs among ecosystem services, stakeholders, and components of well-being: the contribution of the International Long-Term Ecological Research network (ILTER) to Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS)
The International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network comprises > 600 scientific groups conducting site-based research within 40 countries. Its mission includes improving the understanding of global ecosystems and informs solutions to current and future environmental problems at the global scales. The ILTER network covers a wide range of social-ecological conditions and is aligned with the Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) goals and approach. Our aim is to examine and develop the conceptual basis for proposed collaboration between ILTER and PECS. We describe how a coordinated effort of several contrasting LTER site-based research groups contributes to the understanding of how policies and technologies drive either toward or away from the sustainable delivery of ecosystem services. This effort is based on three tenets: transdisciplinary research; cross-scale interactions and subsequent dynamics; and an ecological stewardship orientation. The overarching goal is to design management practices taking into account trade-offs between using and conserving ecosystems toward more sustainable solutions. To that end, we propose a conceptual approach linking ecosystem integrity, ecosystem services, and stakeholder well-being, and as a way to analyze trade-offs among ecosystem services inherent in diverse management options. We also outline our methodological approach that includes: (i) monitoring and synthesis activities following spatial and temporal trends and changes on each site and by documenting cross-scale interactions; (ii) developing analytical tools for integration; (iii) promoting trans-site comparison; and (iv) developing conceptual tools to design adequate policies and management interventions to deal with trade-offs. Finally, we highlight the heterogeneity in the social-ecological setting encountered in a subset of 15 ILTER sites. These study cases are diverse enough to provide a broad cross-section of contrasting ecosystems with different policy and management drivers of ecosystem conversion; distinct trends of biodiversity change; different stakeholders’ preferences for ecosystem services; and diverse components of well-being issues
Comment on Spracklandus Hoser, 2009 (Reptilia, Serpentes, ELAPIDAE): request for confirmation of the availability of the generic name and for the nomenclatural validation of the journal in which it was published (Case 3601; see BZN 70: 234–237; 71: 30–38, 133–135, 181–182, 252–253)
Phytochemical Screening and Polyphenolic Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Crude Leaf Extract of Helichrysum pedunculatum
We evaluated the in vitro antioxidant property and phytochemical constituents of the aqueous crude leaf extract of Helichrysum pedunculatum. The scavenging activity on superoxide anions, DPPH, H2O2, NO and ABTS; and the reducing power were determined, as well as the flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and phenolic contents of the extract. The extract exhibited scavenging activity towards all radicals tested due to the presence of relatively high total phenol and flavonoids contents. Our findings suggest that H. pedunculatum is endowed with antioxidant phytochemicals and could serve as a base for future drugs
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