Short communication: The comparison of fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol in the muscle of wild caught, cage and pond reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W., 1792)

Fish meat is a good source of fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Therefore, it is an important component of a balanced diet for humans (Stancheva et al., 2010). Fish store the lipids in various organs, particularly in muscles and liver. Somatic muscle is the dominant tissue in fish and constitutes more than 60% of the live fish weight. Fatty fish such as salmonid mainly deposit lipids in their muscle (Love, 1980). Lipids are important components of fish diets due to their role in providing energy and essential fatty acids, as they carry of fat-soluble vitamins, and resource of polar lipid including sterols, which are important structural compounds of cell membranes (Görgün and Akpınar, 2007). Recently, there has been heightened interest in the lipid and fatty acid (FA) composition of fish. Fish naturally contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are recognized as essential biochemical components of the human diet because of their beneficial effects for human health (Sushchik et al., 2007). Recent studies have shown that n-3 PUFAs play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, inflammation, aggression, depression, hypertension, autoimmune disorders and cancer. Along with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids play a crucial role in brain function as well as in normal growth and development

NMR spectroscopic study and DFT calculations of GIAO NMR shieldings and 1JCH spin-spin coupling constants of 1,9-diaminononane

1H, proton coupled and decoupled 13C, DEPT, HETCOR NMR spectra, the magnitude of one bond 1JCH coupling constants and 13C NMR spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of 1,9-diaminononane (danon, C9H22N2) have been reported for the first time. 1H, 13C NMR chemical shifts and 1JCH coupling constants of danon have been calculated by means of B3LYP density functional method with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Comparison between the experimental and the theoretical results indicates that density functional B3LYP method is able to provide satisfactory results for predicting NMR properties

Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Cr doped ZnO microrods prepared by spray pyrolysis

A series of Cr-doped ZnO micro-rod arrays were fabricated by a spray pyrolysis method. X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples showed that the undoped and Cr-doped ZnO microrods exhibit hexagonal crystal structure. Surface morphology analysis of the samples has revealed that pure ZnO sample has a hexagonal microrod morphology. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, the Cr 2p3/2 binding energy is found to be 577.34 eV indicating that the electron binding energy of the Cr in ZnO is almost the same as the binding energy of Cr3+ states in Cr2O3. The optical band gap Eg decreases slightly from 3.26 to 3.15 eV with the increase of actual Cr content from x = 0.00 to 4.63 at % in ZnO. Photoluminescence studies at 10 K show that the incorporation of chromium leads to a relative increase of deep level band intensity. It was also observed that Cr doped samples clearly showed ferromagnetic behavior; however, 2.49 % Cr doped ZnO showed remnant magnetization higher than that of 1.07 % and 4.63 % Cr doped samples, while 4.63 % Cr doped ZnO samples had a coercive field higher than the other dopings

A combination of nifedipine and octreotide treatment in an hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic infant.

PublishedResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tThis is the final version of the article. Available from Galenos Publishing via the DOI in this record.Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) is the commonest cause of persistent hypoglycemia in the neonatal and infancy periods. Mutations in the ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes, which encode subunits of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel in the pancreatic beta cell, are identified in approximately 50% of these patients. The first-line drug in the treatment of HH is diazoxide. Octreotide and glucagon can be used in patients who show no response to diazoxide. Nifedipine, a calcium-channel blocker, has been shown to be an effective treatment in a small number of patients with diazoxide-unresponsive HH. We report a HH patient with a homozygous ABCC8 mutation (p.W1339X) who underwent a near-total pancreatectomy at 2 months of age due to a lack of response to diazoxide and octreotide treatment. Severe hypoglycemic attacks continued following surgery, while the patient was being treated with octreotide. These attacks resolved when nifedipine was introduced. Whilst our patient responded well to nifedipine, the dosage could not be increased to 0.75 mg/kg/day due to development of hypotension, a reported side effect of this drug. Currently, our patient, now aged 4 years, is receiving a combination of nifedipine and octreotide treatment. He is under good control and shows no side effects. In conclusion, nifedipine treatment can be started in patients with HH who show a poor response to diazoxide and octreotide treatment.Sian Ellard is employed by the Exeter Clinical Research Facility and is a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator. The genetic testing was funded by a research grant from the Medical Research Council

Temperature dependence of electrical properties in In/Cu2ZnSnTe4/Si/Ag diodes

WOS: 000458625200001Cu2ZnSnTe4 (CZTTe) thin films with In metal contact were deposited by thermal evaporation on monocrystalline n-type Si wafers with Ag ohmic contact to investigate the device characteristics of an In/CZTTe/Si/Ag diode. The variation in electrical characteristics of the diode was analysed by carrying out current-voltage (I-V) measurements in the temperature range of 220-360 K. The forward bias I-V behaviour was modelled according to the thermionic emission (TE) theory to obtain main diode parameters. In addition, the experimental data were detailed by taking into account the presence of an interfacial layer and possible dominant current transport mechanisms were studied under analysis of ideality factor, n. Strong effects of temperature were observed on zero-bias barrier height (Phi(B0)) and n values due to barrier height inhomogeneity at the interface. The anomaly observed in the analysis of TE was modelled by Gaussian distribution (GD) of barrier heights with 0.844 eV mean barrier height and 0.132 V standard deviation. According to the Tung's theoretical approach, a linear correlation between Phi(B0) and n cannot be satisfied, and thus the modified Richardson plot was used to determine Richardson constant (A*). As a result, A* was calculated approximately as 120.6 A cm(-2) K-2 very close to the theoretical value for n-Si. In addition, the effects of series resistance (R-s) by estimating from Cheng's function and density of surface states (N-ss) by taking the bias dependence of effective barrier height, were discussed

Assessment of subjective sleep quality in iron deficiency anaemia

Objectives: We aimed to assess the effect of anemia on subjective sleep quality in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA).Methods: One hundred and four patients diagnosed with IDA and 80 healthy individuals, who are gender and age matched, were included in the study. All participants were requested to fill 3 forms: a socio-demographic form (age, gender, marital status, income level and educational status), hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale and pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI).Results: According to the HAD scale, the average anxiety score was found 9.24±4.37 in patients and 7.58± 4.07 in controls. And, the average depression score was 7.53±4.10 in patients and 6.41±2.74 in controls. The total sleep quality score was 6.71±3.02 in patients and 4.11±1.64 in controls. There was a statistically significant difference in terms of anxiety, depression and sleep quality scores. Linear regression analysis showed no association between anxiety and depression with poor sleeping.Conclusion: IDA affects sleep quality irrespective of psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety.Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia, sleep quality, anxiet

Moving Women of Color from Reliable Voters to Candidates for Public Office

In recent presidential elections, women, people of color, millennials, and new immigrants shaped the outcomes of those elections. Women of color standing at the nexus of two underrepresented groups in politics- racial minorities and women- demonstrated their commitments to democracy by maintaining their traditions as reliable voters, far exceeding expectations. In this project, we ask what is necessary to move these women of color from reliable voters to candidates for political office and locate our answer with women of color. They are doing much of the work to deepen democratic engagement in communities of color, namely mobilizing voters and political candidates. They are redefining democratic inclusion, reshaping the electorate, and they stand to change the demographics of voters and officeholders alike. Likewise, they are redefining and disrupting traditional notions of political actors. How and why they see this as important work for themselves and their communities helps us to understand how people challenge exclusions and make a place for themselves, particularly in the political sphere which is marked by white, male dominance. Scholars have not documented this significant role women of color are playing in extending democracy and this documentation is critical to preserving women of color’s historic contributions to formal electoral politics. While the existing scholarship is rich in denoting the propensity of women of color to act as social change agents, we lag behind in scholarship recognizing the richness of their contributions to formal electoral politics. Their contributions deserve to be recorded and linked to the long line of scholarly engagements with women of color activism and leadership. We begin the project by establishing the landscape of existing WOC organizations, civic groups, collaborations and projects engaged in this work including the full landscape of programs, initiatives and organizations seeking to mobilize women of color as voters and political candidates. We explore their origin stories and contributions to civic engagement of marginalized groups. Our long term goals of the project are to strengthen the capacity of these organizations by bringing attention to their contributions; sharing best practices across groups that are not currently networked; and to leverage resources to strengthen their capacities

Anthropometric measurements of the orbita and gender prediction with three-dimensional computed tomography images

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the orbital anthropometric variations in the normal population using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images and to define the effects of age and gender on orbital anthropometry.Materials and methods: Three-dimensional orbita CT of 280 patients, obtained for various reasons, were retrospectively evaluated in 772-bed referral and tertiary-care hospital between April 2011 and June 2012. Using 3D images, orbital width, height, biorbital-interorbital diameter and orbital index were measured. Measurements were obtained comparing right and left sides and male to female. The relation of the results with age and gender was analysed.Results: Right orbit was found to be wider than left (p < 0.0001). Male patients had wider (p < 0.0001) and higher (p = 0.0001) orbits. Right orbital index was found to be smaller than the left one (p = 0.005). No differences were found between the genders in terms of right and left orbital indexes (p > 0.05). Biorbital (p < 0.0001) and interorbital (p = 0.01) widths were found to be higher in males. There was no relation between the age change and the parameters defined (p > 0.05).Conclusions: No relation was found between age and orbital measurements. It was concluded that orbital images obtained with 3D-CT may be used as a method for gender evaluation

Paralel kesintisiz güç kaynaklarından oluşan dağınık güç sistemlerinde aktif yük paylaşımı

Continuity of power flow is very important for telecommunication systems, hospitals, computers and critical industrial facilities. Uninterrupted Power Supplies (UPS) have been in use for several years for this purpose. Increased power requirement of these systems has led to operation of several UPS units in parallel. However, this has brought in issues related to the control of these systems. Initially, parallel systems composed of equally rated units were built. The controllers of these systems compared the current drawn by each unit to the average current levels to minimize the error. Equal rated unit selection requirement poses an important limitation for these systems. Later on, a communication line that carries the current and frequency information was used for control purposes. The most important disadvantage of these systems is that the communication lines are open to noise and any noise related problem may affect the whole system. Also, the system becomes more complicated due to the use of communication line. This study investigates the use of power-frequency droop method, which has been used in power systems for a long time, in parallel connected, distributed power systems. Each USP unit is supposed to have its own controller. These controllers operate only on its own output current and voltage data. As there is no communication line in this system, the operation is simpler and thus, more reliable. Controllers compute the active power by using the current and voltage values, and then adjust the frequency based on the power-frequency droop characteristic. Each unit has its own power-frequency characteristic. That means the system may consist of units with different rated power levels. When the load of the system changes each unit responds immediately and contributes in proportion with their rated power levels. This enables each unit to operate at their optimum operating level. It is obvious that this method causes the frequency to deviate from the rated value. The frequency of the system can be restored to the original value by shifting the power-frequency characteristic vertically. In this work, a distributed power system consisting of two parallel UPS units is investigated. The system can be loaded at two different points. Focus of the operation is on the inverter parts. Each inverter uses Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) method, and has an LC filter at their outputs. Inverter outputs are connected together by a tie-line inductor. This line is required to transfer power from one unit to a load located near the other unit. PWM signals of each inverter are generated by using the frequency that is determined after using the power-frequency droop method. Since each unit has a different power-frequency droop characteristic and different power rating, they also have a different PWM frequency. This leads to a phase difference between the output voltages, and to a power flow through the tie-line. After a transient period following a load change, each unit shares the load power in proportion with their rated power values. First of all a system simulation was done by using Matlab-SIMULINK. Then, the simulation results were confirmed by an experimental set-up including a DS-1103 DSP controller and two ASIPM modules. One of the inverters was chosen to be 50% higher rated to experience transient frequency deviations when the load changes. As expected, different frequency values were observed following load changes. This led to a phase difference between the units, and thus power flow through tie-line. The frequencies are equalized at the steady state, and the phase difference is fixed. Frequency restoration algorithm then takes over, and brings the frequencies back to the rated level. The two load units used in the system are equal, but the inverters supply these loads in proportion with their power ratings, meaning that one supplies 50% more power than the other one. Simulation and experimental results are in agreement. Power-frequency droop algorithm yields the synchronous operation of two units in parallel, at a higher power level. As the individual units operate near their rated power levels the efficiency is increased. Due to the lack of communication line, the control is simpler and the operation is more reliable. Parallel operation also adds redundancy to the system.  Keywords: Parallel operated UPS systems, distributed power systems, load sharing, mircogrid.Bu çalışmada, iki adet üç fazlı kesintisiz güç kaynağından (KGK) oluşan bir dağınık güç sisteminde aktif güç paylaşımı incelenmektedir. Çalışmada KGK sistemlerinin, çıkış katındaki eviricileri üzerinde durulduğundan, sistemin iki adet paralel eviriciden oluştuğu varsayılmıştır. Bu çalışmada enterkonnekte güç sistemlerinde yıllardır kullanılmakta olan yük-frekans düşüm yönteminin paralel çalışan KGK birimlerine uyarlanabildiği gösterilmiştir. Bu yöntemde her bir KGK birimi kendi denetleyicisine sahiptir ve sadece denetlediği birimin çıkış akım ve gerilim bilgilerini kullanmaktadır. Bu sayede herhangi bir haberleşme hattının kullanılmasına gerek kalmamaktadır. Denetleyiciler, birimlerden aldığı akım ve gerilim bilgilerinden aktif gücü hesaplayarak, yük-frekans düşüm karakteristiğine göre belirlenen yeni frekansı, ayar değeri olarak kullanır. Her bir birimin kendine ait bir yük-frekans düşüm karakteristiği olduğundan, sistemde farklı nominal güç değerlerine sahip KGK birimleri kullanılabilir. Sistemdeki toplam yük değişimine her bir birim anında tepki vererek, değişim miktarını kendi güçleri oranında karşılar. Böylece farklı güçlerdeki birimlerin her biri optimal bir güç seviyesinde çalışır. Her bir eviriciye ait olan kontrol algoritması, düşüm karakteristiğini kullanarak, eviricilerin güçleri oranına ve sistemde bulunan yüklerin değerine göre eviricilerin frekanslarını, tespit eder. Bu frekanslar, çıkış gerilimleri arasında faz farkına yola açar ve eviricilerin sisteme verecekleri güç ve ara bağlantı hattından akacak güç akışı sağlanmış olur. Sonuçta paralel çalışma ve sistemin toplam yükünün eviricilerin güçleri oranında paylaşılması gerçekleşmiş olur. Sistemin benzetimi Matlab-Simulink paket programında yapılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmada ise ASIPM evirici modülleri ve denetleyici kart olarak da DS-1103 kullanılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Paralel çalışan KGK sistemleri, dağınık güç sistemleri, yük paylaşımı, mikro şebeke.&nbsp