5,939 research outputs found
Rocket investigation of the auroral green line
Dissociative excitation and recombination reactions of atomic oxygen by auroral electrons, related to auroral green lin
Ion composition and ion chemistry in an aurora
Auroral ion distribution and conversion of oxygen protons to nitric oxide proton
Measuring the effective complexity of cosmological models
We introduce a statistical measure of the effective model complexity, called
the Bayesian complexity. We demonstrate that the Bayesian complexity can be
used to assess how many effective parameters a set of data can support and that
it is a useful complement to the model likelihood (the evidence) in model
selection questions. We apply this approach to recent measurements of cosmic
microwave background anisotropies combined with the Hubble Space Telescope
measurement of the Hubble parameter. Using mildly non-informative priors, we
show how the 3-year WMAP data improves on the first-year data by being able to
measure both the spectral index and the reionization epoch at the same time. We
also find that a non-zero curvature is strongly disfavored. We conclude that
although current data could constrain at least seven effective parameters, only
six of them are required in a scheme based on the Lambda-CDM concordance
cosmology.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, revised version accepted for publication in PRD,
updated with WMAP3 result
Searching for Very High Energy Emission from Pulsars Using the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory
There are currently over 160 known gamma-ray pulsars. While most of them are
detected only from space, at least two are now seen also from the ground. MAGIC
and VERITAS have measured the gamma ray pulsed emission of the Crab pulsar up
to hundreds of GeV and more recently MAGIC has reported emission at
TeV. Furthermore, in the Southern Hemisphere, H.E.S.S. has detected the Vela
pulsar above 30 GeV. In addition, non-pulsed TeV emission coincident with
pulsars has been detected by many groups, including the Milagro Collaboration.
These GeV-TeV observations open the possibility of searching for
very-high-energy (VHE, > 100GeV) pulsations from gamma-rays pulsars in the HAWC
field of view.Comment: Presented at the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2015),
The Hague, The Netherlands. See arXiv:1508.03327 for all HAWC contribution
Conditional Mass Functions and Merger Rates of Dark Matter Halos in the Ellipsoidal Collapse Model
Analytic models based on spherical and ellipsoidal gravitational collapse
have been used to derive the mass functions of dark matter halos and their
progenitors (the conditional mass function). The ellipsoidal model generally
provides a better match to simulation results, but there has been no simple
analytic expression in this model for the conditional mass function that is
accurate for small time steps, a limit that is important for generating halo
merger trees and computing halo merger rates. We remedy the situation by
deriving accurate analytic formulae for the first-crossing distribution, the
conditional mass function, and the halo merger rate in the ellipsoidal collapse
model in the limit of small look-back times. We show that our formulae provide
a closer match to the Millennium simulation results than those in the spherical
collapse model and the ellipsoidal model of Sheth & Tormen (2002).Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted by MNRAS letter
Quantum spin chains of Temperley-Lieb type: periodic boundary conditions, spectral multiplicities and finite temperature
We determine the spectra of a class of quantum spin chains of Temperley-Lieb
type by utilizing the concept of Temperley-Lieb equivalence with the S=1/2 XXZ
chain as a reference system. We consider open boundary conditions and in
particular periodic boundary conditions. For both types of boundaries the
identification with XXZ spectra is performed within isomorphic representations
of the underlying Temperley-Lieb algebra. For open boundaries the spectra of
these models differ from the spectrum of the associated XXZ chain only in the
multiplicities of the eigenvalues. The periodic case is rather different. Here
we show how the spectrum is obtained sector-wise from the spectra of globally
twisted XXZ chains. As a spin-off, we obtain a compact formula for the
degeneracy of the momentum operator eigenvalues. Our representation theoretical
results allow for the study of the thermodynamics by establishing a
TL-equivalence at finite temperature and finite field.Comment: 29 pages, LaTeX, two references added, redundant figures remove
Detection of oxygen and carbon in the hydrodynamically escaping atmosphere of the extrasolar planet HD209458b
Four transits of the planet orbiting the star HD209458 were observed with the
STIS spectrograph on board HST. The wavelength domain (1180-1710A) includes HI
as well as CI, CII, CIV, NV, OI, SI, SiII, SiIII and SiIV lines. During the
transits, absorptions are detected in HI, OI and CII (5+/-2%, 13+/-4.5% and
7.5+/-3.5%, respectively). No absorptions are detected for other lines. The 5%
mean absorption over the whole HI Lyman alpha line is consistent with the
previous detection at higher resolution (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003). The
absorption depths in OI and CII show that oxygen and carbon are present in the
extended upper atmosphere of HD209458b. These species must be carried out up to
the Roche lobe and beyond, most likely in a state of hydrodynamic escape.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, submitted to ApJ Letters, revised
version with slightly revisited absorption depth estimate
Detection of functional PTEN lipid phosphatase protein and enzyme activity in squamous cell carcinomas of the head andeck, despite loss of heterozygosity at this locus
The human tumour suppressor gene PTEN located at 10q23 is mutated in a variety of tumour types particularly metastatic cases and in the germline of some individuals with Cowdens cancer predisposition syndrome. We have assessed the status of PTEN and associated pathways in cell lines derived from 19 squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Loss of heterozygosity is evident at, or close to the PTEN gene in 5 cases, however there were no mutations in the remaining alleles. Furthermore by Western analysis PTEN protein levels are normal in all of these SCC-HN tumours and cell lines. To assess the possibility that PTEN may be inactivated by another mechanism, we characterized lipid phosphatase levels and from a specific PIP3 biochemical assay it is clear that PTEN is functionally active in all 19 human SCCs. Our data strongly suggest the possibility that a tumour suppressor gene associated with development of SCC-HN, other than PTEN, is located in this chromosomal region. This gene does not appear to be MXI-1, which has been implicated in some other human tumour types. PTEN is an important negative regulator of PI3Kinase, of which subunit alpha is frequently amplified in SCC-HN. To examine the possibility that PI3K is upregulated by amplification in this tumour set we assessed the phosphorylation status of Akt, a downstream target of PI3K. In all cases there is no detectable increase in Akt phosphorylation. Therefore there is no detectable defect in the PI3K pathway in SCC-HN suggesting that the reason for 3q26.3 over-representation may be due to genes other than PI3K110α. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co
When the heart rules the head: ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage complicating infective endocarditis
Sir William Osler meticulously described the clinical manifestations of infective endocarditis in 1885, concluding that: 'few diseases present greater difficulties in the way of diagnosis … which in many cases are practically insurmountable'. Even with modern investigation techniques, diagnosing infective endocarditis can be hugely challenging, yet is critically important in patients presenting with stroke (both cerebral infarction and intracranial haemorrhage), its commonest neurological complication. In ischaemic stroke, intravenous thrombolysis carries an unacceptably high risk of intracranial haemorrhage, while in intracerebral haemorrhage, mycotic aneurysms require urgent treatment to avoid rebleeding, and in all cases, prompt treatment with antibiotics and valve surgery may be life-saving. Here, we describe typical presentations of ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage caused by infective endocarditis. We review the diagnostic challenges, the importance of rapid diagnosis, treatment options and controversies
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