Ewondo in the Classes, French for the Masses. Mother-Tongue Education in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Cameroon is home to over two hundred eighty native languages coming from three language families, making it one of the most linguistically diverse countries on Earth. Despite this, native languages hold very few domains in Cameroonian society. In recent years, several experimental programs have begun to implement native languages in schools citing that children learn best in their mother tongue. Among these include ELAN-Afrique, an initiative put forth by La Francophonie with the main aim of helping students better learn French by way of their mother tongue. This paper seeks to differentiate the benefits prescribed or expected by overhead actors from the actual benefits occurring at one Ewondo-medium ELAN school in Yaoundé. The study includes a series of twenty interviews with program leadership, linguists, NGOs, as well as teachers and parents of students enrolled in the program. Claims made in interviews were then validated or refuted by classroom observation. The program’s main flaw is the assumption that the students’ mother tongue is Ewondo when in reality, due to their urban upbringing, the students’ mother tongue is French. This causes the reality of the program to differ fundamentally from the expectations of La Francophonie as some benefits are negated, some manifest differently than expected, and some appear never having been predicted

Hents

University of Michiganhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136812/1/Thesis_2017_Parker_Henry.pd

Population ecology of landlocked Arctic charr, <i>Salvelinus alpinus L</i>., in the Canadian High Arctic

The thesis describes fieldwork conducted during the Joint Services Expeditions to Ellesmere Island 1988, 1991 and subsequent modelling activities. Four landlocked populations of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., were surveyed at 81 oN, close to the northerly extreme of the species range. They were single-species populations consisting of two distinct size modes, "Dwarf" and "Normal" charr, but with major differences both in size and relative numbers between the lakes. Tentative correlations between population structure, growth rate variation and possible genetic divergence are suggested by this fieldwork and the models examine their credibility. The key hypothesis is that the alternative life history strategies represented by Dwarf and Normal charr represent different solutions to the problem of energy limitation within a size-structured population. Major findings of the models are that alternative life history strategies should be expected to be optimised at different growth rates; density dependence implies that Dwarfs and Normals have equal fitness; a high average juvenile growth rate is likely to lead to a large number of Normals relative to Dwarfs; and that maximum individual fitness is probably achieved in bimodal populations within a "semi-speciated" condition. A combination of evidence further suggests that cannibalism is a likely mechanism for maintenance of the bimodal population structures; and the form of a reaction norm for choice of life history strategy is predicted and found to be similar to one experimentally determined for smolting in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L .

Fifty applicants who did not accept the services of a child guidance clinic

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University, 1949. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

The Manifold Miseries of Civill Warre and Discord in a Kingdome : By the Examples of Germany, France, Ireland, and Other Places. with Some Memorable Examples of Gods Justice, in Punishing the Authors and Causers of Rebellion and Treason

https://openworks.wooster.edu/notestein/1022/thumbnail.jp

The Murmur Of The Shell : Melody for Pianoforte

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/1831/thumbnail.jp

Do You Ever Miss Me, Dearest?

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/3948/thumbnail.jp

Seiberg-Witten invariants and pseudo-holomorphic subvarieties for self-dual, harmonic 2-forms

A smooth, compact 4-manifold with a Riemannian metric and b^(2+) > 0 has a non-trivial, closed, self-dual 2-form. If the metric is generic, then the zero set of this form is a disjoint union of circles. On the complement of this zero set, the symplectic form and the metric define an almost complex structure; and the latter can be used to define pseudo-holomorphic submanifolds and subvarieties. The main theorem in this paper asserts that if the 4-manifold has a non zero Seiberg-Witten invariant, then the zero set of any given self-dual harmonic 2-form is the boundary of a pseudo-holomorphic subvariety in its complement.Comment: 44 pages. Published copy, also available at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTVol3/paper8.abs.htm