SNAP-Ed New Mexico Social Marketing Project Phase II Report

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SNAP-Ed New Mexico Social Marketing Project Phase II Report

The SNAP-Ed New Mexico Social Marketing Project is a multiphase study that explores how the core nutrition messages developed by FNS and its collaborators are received by people of Hispanic-origin, particularly those of Mexican or Mexican-American descent. The objective of the SNAP-Ed New Mexico Social Marketing Project is to create culturally appropriate nutrition education messages in Spanish and implement a multi-level social marketing intervention to increase fruit, vegetable, whole grain, and low-fat and fat-free dairy consumption

Pediatric Cerebral Palsy and Activities of Daily Living: Rapid Systematic Review

Indiana University Purdue University IndianapolisCerebral palsy (CP) is a common motor disability seen in children who often receive occupational therapy (OT) services. Because of this, there is an increased need for research on new clinical, group, and home-based OT interventions. OT practitioners play a critical role in providing developmental interventions to improve upper extremity function, balance, and motor processing for activities of daily living (ADLs), including self-care tasks and functional mobility. In order to assist OTs in making informed decisions regarding developmental interventions to improve performance, participation, and independence in ADLs for children aged zero to eighteen with CP, a rapid systematic review (RSR) was completed and includes the best available evidence within the reviewed literature. The findings of this review support functional training, education, technology, and supplemental modalities as interventions to improve performance in ADLs of children with CP. Overall, this review works to provide leading evidence supporting the use of various interventions in OT sessions.Occupational Therap

Studying Trail Enhancement Plans - Health Impact Assessment

This report reflects work on the Studying Trail Enhancement Plans - Health Impact Assessment (STEP-HIA) for the proposed new Cuba Continental Divide National Scenic Trail segment as of April 30, 2015. It is provided to the Santa Fe National Forest and Bureau of Land Management New Mexico for use in preparing an Environmental Impact Assessment and subsequent planning for the proposed project. It was prepared by the University of New Mexico Prevention Research Center and Step Into Cuba Alliance, a partnership of individuals and organizations dedicated to the promotion of walking and hiking for better health in Cuba, NM. In this report, we present information by way of a sequential series of questions that support and lead to predictions and recommendations for the new trail segment

What patients think doctors know: Beliefs about provider knowledge as barriers to safe medication use

We examined patient beliefs about provider awareness of medication use, patient-reported prevalence and nature of provider counseling about medications, and the impact of health literacy on these outcomes

Take-Wait-stop: A Patient-Centered Strategy for Writing PRN Medication Instructions

Recent studies have linked patient misunderstanding of label instructions for as needed (PRN) medications to dosing errors. This study conducted a preliminary field test of patient-centered PRN label instructions. Patients participated in a hypothetical dosing experiment and were randomized to a patient-centered label (referred to as “Take-Wait-Stop”) or standard label. Participants were asked to demonstrate dosing the medicine over 24 hours. Three types of independent dosing errors were measured: (a) taking more than two pills at one time, (b) exceeding the maximum daily dose, and (c) waiting fewer than 4 hours between doses. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association between label type, health literacy, and sociodemographic characteristics. Participants' mean age was 39.8 years, 62.1% were female, 43.7% were White, and 72.4% had adequate literacy. Of participants, 31.8% who were shown the standard label demonstrated taking in excess of 6 pills in 24 hours compared with only 14.0% of participants who were shown the Take-Wait-Stop label (p = .05). Overall, only 1 person demonstrated he would take more than 2 pills in a single dose. Of the standard label group, 20.5% demonstrated dosing intervals of fewer than 4 hours compared with 23.3% of the Take-Wait-Stop label group (p = .75). In a multivariate model, participants who were exposed to the standard label were 2.5 times more likely to exceed the recommended maximum daily dose (95% CI [1.05, 7.70], p = .03). The Take-Wait-Stop label was beneficial in preventing participants from exceeding the maximum dose in 24 hours, although it did not significantly reduce other dosing errors

Varespladib and cardiovascular events in patients with an acute coronary syndrome: the VISTA-16 randomized clinical trial

IMPORTANCE: Secretory phospholipase A2(sPLA2) generates bioactive phospholipid products implicated in atherosclerosis. The sPLA2inhibitor varespladib has favorable effects on lipid and inflammatory markers; however, its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of sPLA2inhibition with varespladib on cardiovascular outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial at 362 academic and community hospitals in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, India, and North America of 5145 patients randomized within 96 hours of presentation of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to either varespladib (n = 2572) or placebo (n = 2573) with enrollment between June 1, 2010, and March 7, 2012 (study termination on March 9, 2012). INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to receive varespladib (500 mg) or placebo daily for 16 weeks, in addition to atorvastatin and other established therapies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary efficacy measurewas a composite of cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke, or unstable angina with evidence of ischemia requiring hospitalization at 16 weeks. Six-month survival status was also evaluated. RESULTS: At a prespecified interim analysis, including 212 primary end point events, the independent data and safety monitoring board recommended termination of the trial for futility and possible harm. The primary end point occurred in 136 patients (6.1%) treated with varespladib compared with 109 patients (5.1%) treated with placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95%CI, 0.97-1.61; log-rank P = .08). Varespladib was associated with a greater risk of MI (78 [3.4%] vs 47 [2.2%]; HR, 1.66; 95%CI, 1.16-2.39; log-rank P = .005). The composite secondary end point of cardiovascular mortality, MI, and stroke was observed in 107 patients (4.6%) in the varespladib group and 79 patients (3.8%) in the placebo group (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02-1.82; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In patients with recent ACS, varespladib did not reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and significantly increased the risk of MI. The sPLA2inhibition with varespladib may be harmful and is not a useful strategy to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes after ACS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01130246. Copyright 2014 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

CLASSY VII Ly\alpha\ Profiles: The Structure and Kinematics of Neutral Gas and Implications for LyC Escape in Reionization-Era Analogs

Lyman-alpha line profiles are a powerful probe of ISM structure, outflow speed, and Lyman continuum escape fraction. In this paper, we present the Ly$\alpha$ line profiles of the COS Legacy Archive Spectroscopic SurveY, a sample rich in spectroscopic analogs of reionization-era galaxies. A large fraction of the spectra show a complex profile, consisting of a double-peaked Ly$\alpha$ emission profile in the bottom of a damped, Ly$\alpha$ absorption trough. Such profiles reveal an inhomogeneous interstellar medium (ISM). We successfully fit the damped Ly$\alpha$ absorption (DLA) and the Ly$\alpha$ emission profiles separately, but with complementary covering factors, a surprising result because this approach requires no Ly$\alpha$ exchange between high-$N_\mathrm{HI}$ and low-$N_\mathrm{HI}$ paths. The combined distribution of column densities is qualitatively similar to the bimodal distributions observed in numerical simulations. We find an inverse relation between Ly$\alpha$ peak separation and the [O III]/[O II] flux ratio, confirming that the covering fraction of Lyman-continuum-thin sightlines increases as the Ly$\alpha$ peak separation decreases. We combine measurements of Ly$\alpha$ peak separation and Ly$\alpha$ red peak asymmetry in a diagnostic diagram which identifies six Lyman continuum leakers in the CLASSY sample. We find a strong correlation between the Ly$\alpha$ trough velocity and the outflow velocity measured from interstellar absorption lines. We argue that greater vignetting of the blueshifted Ly$\alpha$ peak, relative to the redshifted peak, is the source of the well-known discrepancy between shell-model parameters and directly measured outflow properties. The CLASSY sample illustrates how scattering of Ly$\alpha$ photons outside the spectroscopic aperture reshapes Ly$\alpha$ profiles as the distances to these compact starbursts span a large range.Comment: 40 pages, 19 figures, 5 tables, submitted to ApJ, comments welcom

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy