School Violence and Safety Policies and Practices in Urban and Rural Communities: Does Location Matter?

While there is a large body of literature on school violence and security policies in urban areas, school violence in rural areas has gained considerably less academic attention. Recent research in this area has indicated that rural schools and communities have experienced rates of violence that are similar to their urban counterparts. However, the generalizability of findings from these exploratory research projects is limited. The current study investigated the impact of school location on school violence incidents and compared correlates of school violence in rural schools to correlates of school violence in urban schools. Specifically, upon analyzing the 2010 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS) data, this study found that rural schools reported more incidents of school violence than urban schools, and different predictors affected school violence based on school location. In light of these findings, potential implications for location-specific school safety strategies are discussed within

Virginia Tech Comprehensive Power-based Fuel Consumption Model (VT-CPFM): Model Validation and Calibration Considerations

ABSTRACTA power-based vehicle fuel consumption model, entitled the Virginia Tech Comprehensive Power-based Fuel Consumption Model (VT-CPFM) that was developed in an earlier publication is validated against in-field fuel consumption measurements. The study demonstrates that the VT-CPFMs calibrated using the EPA city and highway fuel economy ratings generally provide reliable fuel consumption estimates with a coefficient of determination in the range of 0.96. More importantly, both estimates and measurements produce very similar behavioral changes depending on engine load conditions. The VT-CPFMs are demonstrated to be easily calibrated using publically available data without the need to gather in-field instantaneous data

Optimal Guaranteed Service Time and Service Level Decision with Time and Service Level Sensitive Demand

We consider a two-stage supply chain with one supplier and one retailer. The retailer sells a product to customer and the supplier provides a product in a make-to-order mode. In this case, the supplier’s decisions on service time and service level and the retailer’s decision on retail price have effects on customer demand. We develop optimization models to determine the optimal retail price, the optimal guaranteed service time, the optimal service level, and the optimal capacity to maximize the expected profit of the whole supply chain. The results of numerical experiments show that it is more profitable to determine the optimal price, the optimal guaranteed service time, and the optimal service level simultaneously and the proposed model is more profitable in service level sensitive market

Experimental Study on Improvement and Performance Verification of Using Small-Diameter Drilling Tester

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ブンケン カイカク ガ チホウ セイフカン カンケイ ニ アタエル エイキョウ トドウフケン カラ シチョウソン ヘノ ケンゲン イジョウ ニ チュウモク シテ

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Design process of the nanofluid injection mechanism in nuclear power plants

Nanofluids, which are engineered suspensions of nanoparticles in a solvent such as water, have been found to show enhanced coolant properties such as higher critical heat flux and surface wettability at modest concentrations, which is a useful characteristic in nuclear power plants (NPPs). This study attempted to provide an example of engineering applications in NPPs using nanofluid technology. From these motivations, the conceptual designs of the emergency core cooling systems (ECCSs) assisted by nanofluid injection mechanism were proposed after following a design framework to develop complex engineering systems. We focused on the analysis of functional requirements for integrating the conventional ECCSs and nanofluid injection mechanism without loss of performance and reliability. Three candidates of nanofluid-engineered ECCS proposed in previous researches were investigated by applying axiomatic design (AD) in the manner of reverse engineering and it enabled to identify the compatibility of functional requirements and potential design vulnerabilities. The methods to enhance such vulnerabilities were referred from TRIZ and concretized for the ECCS of the Korean nuclear power plant. The results show a method to decouple the ECCS designs with the installation of a separate nanofluids injection tank adjacent to the safety injection tanks such that a low pH environment for nanofluids can be maintained at atmospheric pressure which is favorable for their injection in passive manner