Effects of Citrus aurantifolia peel essential oil on serum cholesterol levels in Wistar rats

     The present study seeks to evaluate the effects of Citrus aurantifolia peel essential oil on serum triglyceride and cholesterols in Wistar rats. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control, sham, and 3 experimental groups. The animals were treated in 2 phases: first, except for control group, which received normal saline, the rest of the groups were fed with a high cholesterol regimen to induce hyperlipidemia; then, the 3 experimental groups were treated with Citrus aurantifolia peel essential oil in 3 different doses: 25, 50, and 100 m lit/kg. Results: The sham group demonstrated a significant rise in mean serum triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL level in comparison with the control group (

The effects of mobile phone waves (940MHz) on embryonic development of hematopoiesis system in Balb/C mouse.

زمینه و هدف: استفاده روز افزون از دستگاه های مولد مایکروویو نظیر تلفن های همراه در زندگی روزمره سبب نگرانی های بسیاری در مورد اثرات امواج آنها بر سلامت انسان شده است. در تحقیق حاضر اثرات امواج شبیه سازی شده تلفن های همراه با فرکانس 940 مگا هرتز بر سیستم خون ساز جنین موش بررسی شده است. روش‌ بررسی: در یک مطالعه تجربی موش ماده حامله نژاد Balb/C به گروه های کنترل، شاهد آزمایشگاهی و تجربی 1 و 2 (حداقل 5 سر موش در هر گروه) تقسیم شدند. گروه تجربی از روز هشتم رشد و نمو جنین به مدت 4 یا 10 روز (هر روز به مدت 4 ساعت) با امواج شبیه سازی شده تلفن های همراه (940 مگا هرتز) مواجه شدند. در پایان دوره تیماری نمونه‌های مربوطه تشریح و ابتدا وزن و طول فرق سری ـ نشیمنگاهی جنین ها اندازه گیری و سپس برای انجام مطالعات بافت شناسی با میکروسکوپ نوری آماده سازی و به روش هماتوکسیلین ائوزین هاریس رنگ آمیزی شد. داده های کمی حاصل به کمک آزمون آماری t و من ویتنی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: بررسی ریخت شناسی جنین ‌های 18 روزه هیچگونه ناهنجاری نشان نداد. همچنین بین گروه ها تغییر معنی دار در طول فرق سری نشیمنگاهی مشاهده نشد، لیکن وزن جنین های تجربی (gr 017/0±263/1) نسبت به شاهد (gr 006/0±268/1) افزایش معنی دار نشان داد (05/0

Optimizing Hydrocortisone Concentration for Skeletal Muscles Differentiation of ADSCs on PLLA Nano-Scaffolds

Skeletal muscle is a highly differentiated tissue with very specific functions which has low potential of regeneration. Skeletal muscle injuries especially in athletes almost have lead to muscular dysfunctions and healing may be prolonged for several years. Therefore, working on skeletal muscle differentiation remained an importance in biomedical researches. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are novel source of mesenchymal stem cells which are an excellent alternative for satellite cells in in-vitro skeletal muscle differentiation. Differentiation potential of ADSCs on both tissue culture plate (TCP) and also on Poly l-lactide acid (PLLA) electrospun fibrous nano-scaffold which now is widely used at tissue engineering investigations has studied in this research. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Tensile test were performed for evaluating scaffold properties. Hydrocortisone has considered a critical factors for skeletal muscle differentiation while, the recommended concentrations of it for inducing myogenesis in stem cells is yet discussing. Statistical analysis of our results from colorimetric MTT assay for various concentrations of hydrocortisone showed that the concentration of 10-7 mol/L is the optimum dose for myogenic differentiation of murine ADSCs which was used on both TCP and PLLA scaffolds and skeletal myosin fiber formations was confirmed with immunocytochemistry. DAPI staining proved myocytes nuclei and syncytium formations. Our results also showed that ADSCs and PLLA nano-scaffolds are the suitable biomaterials for engineering skeletal muscle tissue.    

Neural Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treated with Sex Steroid Hormones and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor

Objective: There are several factors, like environmental agents, neurotrophic factors, serotonin and some hormones such as estrogen, affecting neurogenesis and neural differentiation. Regarding to importance of proliferation and regeneration in central nervous system, and a progressive increase in neurodegenerative diseases, cell therapy is an attractive approach in neuroscience. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of sex steroid hormones and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on neuronal differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Materials and Methods: This experimental study was established in Kharazmi University. BM was isolated from the bones of femur and tibia of 4-6-week old Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice, and the cells were cultured. The cells were divided into following 4 groups based on the applied treatments: I. control (no treatment), II. steroid hormones (β-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone), III. bFGF and IV. combination of steroid hormones and bFGF. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometery analyses were applied for beta III-tubulin (β-III tubulin) and microtubule-associated proteins-2 (MAP-2) in 4 days of treatment for all groups. Results: The cells treated with combination of bFGF and steroid hormones represented more expressions of neural markers as compared to control and to other two groups treated with either bFGF or steroid hormones. Conclusion: This study showed that BM-MSCs can express specific neural markers after receiving bFGF pretreatment that was followed by sex steroid hormones treatment. More investigations are necessary to specify whether steroid hormones and bFGF can be considered for treatment of CNS diseases and disorders

Study the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on some blood serum’s lipoproteins, liver enzymes and P448/P450 cytochrome enzyme system in NMRI female mice

Arterial diseases are the first causes of death in the developed countries. It seems necessary to investigate the role of enzymes, lipids, proteins and para-oxidation lipids in these diseases. The tribulation of fats is one of the most risk factors which results in atherosclerosis of coronary arteries. In this study, the short time effects of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields with the frequency of 50Hz, on the amount of some blood lipo-proteins, liver enzymes, P448 and P450 cytochrome enzyme system are investigated in the NMRI female mice. The results indicate that the blood serum's levels of lipoproteins decrease significantly, in comparison with control and sham groups. Experimental groups of 3 and 5 showed significant increase of HDL compare with control and sham groups . While levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased in liver, Alanin aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme levels did not show any significant changes in experimental groups . In addition, Ames test shows similarity in control and experimental liver extract in the reveres colonies, so the electromagnetic field with intensity of 0.06 militesla , does not disturb the P448/P450 enzyme system.

The effect of sulfoxo-bilactam-21-crown -7 on spermatogenesis in immature Balb/c mice

زمینه و هدف: کراون اترها ملکول های میزبان برای یون های فلزی و غیر فلزی هستند. توانایی کراون اترها در کنترل سیکل و تغییر فعالیت برخی از آنزیم ها گزارش شده است. در این مطالعه اثر یک کراون اتر جدید (سولفوکسو- بی لاکتام- 21- کراون-7) بر روی بافت بیضه و اسپرماتوژنز مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه 24 سر موش نابالغ کوچک آزمایشگاهی (Balb/C) به سه گروه گروه کنترل (هیچ ماده ای دریافت نکردند)، شم )فقط توئین 80 دریافت کردند) و تجربی )سولفوکسو- بی لاکتام- 21- کراون-7 دریافت کردند) تقسیم شدند. Lethal dose 50 (LD50) دارو، به میزان 40 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم تعیین شد. بر این اساس، دوز 20 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم از این کراون اتر به روش درون صفاقی هر روز به مدت یک هفته به گروه تجربی تزریق شد. دو هفته پس از آخرین تزریق، حیوانات بیهوش شده و کشته شدند. خون جهت اندازه گیری هورمون از قلب گرفته شد. بافت بیضه، استخراج شد و جهت مطالعات بافت شناسی فیکس گردید. داده ها توسط آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه (ANOVA) و به دنبال آن تست توکی آنالیز شدند. یافته ها: تزریق درون صفاقی سولفوکسو- بی لاکتام- 21- کراون-7 (20 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) تغییر معنی داری در تعداد اسپرماتوگنی نوع A و B، اسپرماتوسیت اولیه و سلول های لیدیک در گروه تجربی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل و شم نشان نداد. افزایش هورمون جنسی مردانه، تستوسترون (001/0

Anticancer effect of the IgY that produced against a small peptide with 15 amino acids of human DR5 on MCF7 cell line

Tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) plays an important role in diverse cellular events such as septic shock, induction of other cytokines, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is currently attracting great interest as a potential anticancer drug. TRAIL could selectively induce apoptosis in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo by a death receptor-mediated process. TRAIL shows a high degree of promiscuity as it binds to the DR5 receptor and it  is generating considerable interests as a possible anticancer therapeutic agent. Use of TRAIL or its antagonist could be a good anticancer treatment in future. The extracellular domain of DR5 human protein which has the attachment part of this ligand to TRAIL ligand is considerable domain of it. We produced a small peptide with just 15 aminoacids from this domain, with peptide synthesizer. Then inject them to hens to immunize them and achieve high affinity IgY. At least, obtained IgYs specially recognize DR5 protein and in vitro start exclusively to induce death in the MCF7 cell line, and interestingly not on normal cells.

The chronological development of embryo in Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamensky

The chronological development of Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamensky from Caspian Sea was investigated. Artificial propagation was carried out by stripping sperm on the eggs. The gametes were gently mixed for 5 minutes, then incubated at 14-16°C in 8 liter glass incubators. Development of embryos including organogenesis and different chronological developmental stages were followed up morphologically and histologically. As the chorion is semitransparent in this species, we were forced to dechlorinate the eggs. So the chorionic is develops of the embryos were removed under stereomicroscope using two fine needles; weight and length of the samples at each stage were measured for statistical analysis. The embryos were prepared for serial sectioning and microscopic studies. The developmental stages were investigated from 5 minutes after fertilization up to day 30. Fertilized eggs were cleaved and gastrulation began within 24-30 hours. Most of the embryos began to batch out of chorion (Vitelline membrane) at 216 hours (10 days after fertilization) and resorption of the yolk material was completed in day 16. After this stage, the larvae matured and began to swim up and feed on fish food (swim up, fry stage). Twenty-four stages of embryonic development of this fish at 14-16 °C have been described with emphasis on the cleavage stages and morphogenesis of external organs and body tissues

The Effects of Conditioned Medium from Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on EMT Markers

Abstract Introduction: Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in colorectal cancer cell is a critical process in which cells lose their epithelial properties and obtain mesenchymal characteristics, resulting in tumor cells and metastasis. This study attempted to work on the effects of conditioned medium from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on EMT markers. Materials and Methods: In this study, HT29 was used  which is the colorectal cancer cell line. Cells were treated for 72 hours with BMSC-CM in order to induce EMT in HT29. The Real-Time PCR was used for evaluating EMT markers such as E-cadherin- β-catenin -vimentin-and transcription factors. Results: Inducing EMT in colorectal cancer cells caused morphological changes. It was manifested that E-cadherin is downregulated after induction of EMT with treated BMSC-CM. On the other hand, there were a significant increase in β-catenin, Vimentin, Snail and ZEB1 expression. Conclusion: Understanding the molecular basis of tumor metastasis is critical for colorectal cancer treatment. Findings demonstrated morphological alterations in consequence MSCs-CM activates induction of EMT. This process affects EMT markers of E-cadherina, Vimentin, β-Catenin and transcription factors of Snail and ZEB1. This model helps knowing cancer and metastasis pathway and also could be used in drug screening procedures