"Omne, quod no est ex fide, peccatum est". The relevance of good faith in canonical transactio

Il substrato canonistico della transazione è di particolare evidenza. In essa, infatti, il conflitto ha spesso già raggiunto lo stadio litigioso. Ragion per cui nella sua interpretazione la dottrina tende a separare i due profili economico ed etico. Su quest’ultimo, in particolare, la Chiesa, pur dotata di un sistema di sanzioni giuridiche necessariamente imperfetto, ha svolto, nei secoli, un ruolo di primo piano. É infatti un insegnamento evangelico che alla base di ogni rapporto umano debba regnare la concordia, poiché concordia mater est unitatis: se le parti, ignorando l’etica, stanno per giungere ad una lite, o vi siano giunte, la Chiesa deve esortarle a comporla. Ciò che si intende qui indagare è dunque la rilevanza di due fra i requisiti essenziali dell’istituto transattivo, ovvero la lis e la res dubia, all’interno del sistema delle Decretali (X 1.36. 1-11 de transactionibus). La cornice sarà offerta dal principio cardine che sancisce l’effettività del negozio: Effectus transactionis est, ut ei stetur; questo per valutare come debba essere intesa nell’ordinamento canonico l’incertezza della lite in rapporto al principio di buona fede.It is quite clear that there is a canonical foundation underlying the institute of transactio. Indeed, a compromise is often reached when a dispute has already entered the litigation phase, and as such legal doctrine tends to separate the economic aspect from the ethical aspect in its interpretation. Though the Church has a necessarily imperfect system of legal sanctions at its disposal, over the centuries it has in fact played a fundamental role in the ethical aspect of compromise. Indeed, the Gospel teaches that every human relationship must be based on concordia, as concordia mater est unitatis: if parties have ignored such morals and are about to litigate, or have already started legal proceedings, the Church must exhort them to settle the dispute. This article aims to examine the relevance of two of the essential requirements of transactio – namely lis and res dubia – within the Decretals (X 1.36. 1-11 de transactionibus). The framework of this analysis is provided by the tenet Effectus transactionis est, ut ei stetur, which sanctions the effectiveness of transactio as a juristic act. The goal is to evaluate how the uncertainty of legal proceedings relates to the principle of good faith in canon law.Ciencias ReligiosasDerech

Un ‘vecchio’ noi ed un ‘nuovo’ loro. L’introduzione enciclopedica allo studio del diritto di G.D. Romagnosi

Gian Domenico Romagnosi’s contribution to the restructuring of legal studies in Italy – a reform unfurled through plans and bills, namely the Piano di istruzione legale (Legal Education Plan) and Progetto di Regolamento degli Studi Legali (Project for the Regulation of Legal Studies) and, from a legislative point of view, through the formation of the Regolamento per gli studi Pratici Legali (Regulations for Practical Legal Studies), as well as the creation of three Postgraduate Schools – culminating in the drafting of an unpublished textbook entitled Introduzione enciclopedica allo studio del diritto. his work still strove to collect and explain knowledge: as such, it was a sort of manifestation of the goals he had alluded to ten years earlier in Studio preparatorio alla Facoltà Politico Legale. His Introduzione was meant to be just that: ‘introductory tool’ that could embrace the whole of legal knowledge, so that the elderly Professor could take stock of his educational ambitions and disseminate the epistemological views that he identified with in the new institutional climate. Romagnosi came to this subject matter late in life, having left behind the various forms of individualistic radicalism that had typified the revolutionary era and his encyclopedia seems to be an appropriate way to summarize his life’s work.L’apporto di Gian Domenico Romagnosi al riassetto degli studi giuridici – un percorso piuttosto lungo che lo accompagna per tutto l’arco della sua parabola scientifica e che si snoda attraverso programmi e disegni dal Piano di istruzione legale al Regolamento per gli studi Pratici Legali con la creazione di tre Scuole di Specializzazione post laurea – si conclude con la redazione di un manuale di Introduzione enciclopedica allo studio del diritto cui è dedicato il presente contributo. Lo scritto, rimasto incompiuto ed inedito, non rappresenta solo uno schema provvisorio per le lezioni rimasto incompiuto. Ma proprio per essere stato maturato in un clima assai diverso rispetto ai lavori precedenti – ormai alla fine della vita del Maestro – testimonia un momento significativamente critico dell’insegnamento del diritto in genere e del percorso educativo romagnosiano in specie

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception

“OMNE, QUOD NON EST EX FIDE, PECCATUM EST" THE RELEVANCE OF GOOD FAITH IN CANONICAL TRANSACTIO

It is quite clear that there is a canonical foundation underlying the institute of transactio. Indeed, a compromise is often reached when a dispute has already entered the litigation phase, and as such legal doctrine tends to separate the economic aspect from the ethical aspect in its interpretation. Though the Church has a necessarily imperfect system of legal sanctions at its disposal, over the centuries it has in fact played a fundamental role in the ethical aspect of compromise. Indeed, the Gospel teaches that every human relationship must be based on concordia, as concordia mater est unitatis: if parties have ignored such morals and are about to litigate, or have already started legal proceedings, the Church must exhort them to settle the dispute. This article aims to examine the relevance of two of the essential requirements of transactio –namely lis and res dubia – within the Decretals (X 1.36. 1-11 de transactionibus). The framework of this analysis is provided by the tenet Effectus transactionis est, ut ei stetur, which sanctions the effectiveness of transactio as a juristic act. The goal is to evaluate how the uncertainty of legal proceedings relates to the principle of good faith in canon law

"Omne, quod no est ex fide, peccatum est". The relevance of good faith in canonical transactio

Il substrato canonistico della transazione è di particolare evidenza. In essa, infatti, il conflitto ha spesso già raggiunto lo stadio litigioso. Ragion per cui nella sua interpretazione la dottrina tende a separare i due profili economico ed etico. Su quest’ultimo, in particolare, la Chiesa, pur dotata di un sistema di sanzioni giuridiche necessariamente imperfetto, ha svolto, nei secoli, un ruolo di primo piano. É infatti un insegnamento evangelico che alla base di ogni rapporto umano debba regnare la concordia, poiché concordia mater est unitatis: se le parti, ignorando l’etica, stanno per giungere ad una lite, o vi siano giunte, la Chiesa deve esortarle a comporla. Ciò che si intende qui indagare è dunque la rilevanza di due fra i requisiti essenziali dell’istituto transattivo, ovvero la lis e la res dubia, all’interno del sistema delle Decretali (X 1.36. 1-11 de transactionibus). La cornice sarà offerta dal principio cardine che sancisce l’effettività del negozio: Effectus transactionis est, ut ei stetur; questo per valutare come debba essere intesa nell’ordinamento canonico l’incertezza della lite in rapporto al principio di buona fede.It is quite clear that there is a canonical foundation underlying the institute of transactio. Indeed, a compromise is often reached when a dispute has already entered the litigation phase, and as such legal doctrine tends to separate the economic aspect from the ethical aspect in its interpretation. Though the Church has a necessarily imperfect system of legal sanctions at its disposal, over the centuries it has in fact played a fundamental role in the ethical aspect of compromise. Indeed, the Gospel teaches that every human relationship must be based on concordia, as concordia mater est unitatis: if parties have ignored such morals and are about to litigate, or have already started legal proceedings, the Church must exhort them to settle the dispute. This article aims to examine the relevance of two of the essential requirements of transactio – namely lis and res dubia – within the Decretals (X 1.36. 1-11 de transactionibus). The framework of this analysis is provided by the tenet Effectus transactionis est, ut ei stetur, which sanctions the effectiveness of transactio as a juristic act. The goal is to evaluate how the uncertainty of legal proceedings relates to the principle of good faith in canon law.Ciencias ReligiosasDerech