4,034 research outputs found
Editorial: hepatocellular carcinoma – a rare complication of hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111131/1/apt13198.pd
Due Process Alignment in Mass Restructurings
Mass tort defendants have recently begun exiting multidistrict litigation by filing for bankruptcy. This new strategy ushers defendants into a far more hospitable forum that offers accelerated resolution of all state and federal claims held by both current and future victims.
Bankruptcy\u27s structural, procedural, and substantive benefits also provide defendants with unique optionality. Bankruptcy\u27s resolution promise is alluring, but the process relies on a very large assumption: that future victims can be compelled to relinquish property rights in their cause of action against the corporate defendant and others without consent or notice. Bankruptcy builds an entire resolution structure on the premise that the U.S. Bankruptcy Code\u27s untested interest-representation scheme satisfies due process strictures. This Essay questions that assumption and identifies two compromised pillars that could render bankruptcy\u27s mass tort framework unconstitutional. First, the process for selecting the fiduciary that represents future victims\u27 interests and irrevocably binds them to the agreed settlement is fundamentally broken. Second, the process by which bankruptcy courts estimate the value of thousands of mass tort claims places too much pressure on a jurist unfamiliar with personal injury claims. These compromised pillars raise the risk that the victims\u27 settlement trust will be underfunded and will fail prematurely. In this outcome, future victims would have no recourse but to argue that the restructuring process did not satisfy due process and the entire settlement should be unwound This Essay proposes that the risk of a prematurely insolvent victim\u27s trust can be reduced considerably by bolstering these two pillars. Our proposal seeks to (1) rebuild the future claimants\u27 representative role in order to ensure that future victims\u27 interests are effectively represented and (2) recalibrate the claim estimation process by facilitating coordination between the bankruptcy court and nonbankruptcy federal and state courts
A window into the neutron star: Modelling the cooling of accretion heated neutron star crusts
In accreting neutron star X-ray transients, the neutron star crust can be
substantially heated out of thermal equilibrium with the core during an
accretion outburst. The observed subsequent cooling in quiescence (when
accretion has halted) offers a unique opportunity to study the structure and
thermal properties of the crust. Initially crust cooling modelling studies
focussed on transient X-ray binaries with prolonged accretion outbursts (> 1
year) such that the crust would be significantly heated for the cooling to be
detectable. Here we present the results of applying a theoretical model to the
observed cooling curve after a short accretion outburst of only ~10 weeks. In
our study we use the 2010 outburst of the transiently accreting 11 Hz X-ray
pulsar in the globular cluster Terzan 5. Observationally it was found that the
crust in this source was still hot more than 4 years after the end of its short
accretion outburst. From our modelling we found that such a long-lived hot
crust implies some unusual crustal properties such as a very low thermal
conductivity (> 10 times lower than determined for the other crust cooling
sources). In addition, we present our preliminary results of the modelling of
the ongoing cooling of the neutron star in MXB 1659-298. This transient X-ray
source went back into quiescence in March 2017 after an accretion phase of ~1.8
years. We compare our predictions for the cooling curve after this outburst
with the cooling curve of the same source obtained after its previous outburst
which ended in 2001.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the proceedings of "IAUS 337: Pulsar
Astrophysics - The Next 50 Years" eds: P. Weltevrede, B.B.P. Perera, L. Levin
Preston & S. Sanida
Underlying symmetries of realistic interactions and the nuclear many-body problem
The present study brings forward important information, within the framework
of spectral distribution theory, about the types of forces that dominate three
realistic interactions, CD-Bonn, CDBonn+ 3terms and GXPF1, in nuclei and their
ability to account for many-particle effects such as the formation of
correlated nucleon pairs and enhanced quadrupole collective modes.
Like-particle and proton-neutron isovector pairing correlations are described
microscopically by a model interaction with Sp(4) dynamical symmetry, which is
extended to include an additional quadrupole-quadrupole interaction. The
analysis of the results for the 1f7/2 level shows that both CD-Bonn+3terms and
GXPF1 exhibit a well-developed pairing character compared to CD-Bonn, while the
latter appears to build up more (less) rotational isovector T = 1 (isoscalar T
= 0) collective features. Furthermore, the three realistic interactions are in
general found to correlate strongly with the pairing+quadrupole model
interaction, especially for the highest possible isospin group of states where
the model interaction can be used to provide a reasonable description of the
corresponding energy spectra.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Emerging stronger? Assessing the outcomes of Habitat for Humanity’s housing reconstruction programmes following the Indian Ocean tsunami
Habitat for Humanity (HFH) built, rehabilitated or repaired homes for 25,000 families
in four countries in the five years following the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. As part
of a broader organizational and learning review in 2009-2010, HFH commissioned
Arup International Development to carry out an assessment of its post-tsunami housing
reconstruction programmes in India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Indonesia. The purpose
of this assessment was to investigate the extent to which HFH’s tsunami-response
housing reconstruction programmes had contributed to the development of sustainable
communities and livelihoods. Arup International Development undertook the assessment
using the ASPIRE tool they had developed with Engineers Against Poverty. Basing their
assessment on programme documentation and key informant interviews, household
questionnaires and workshops with communities in each country, they completed one
assessment for each country and a fifth assessment covering all four countries. This
enabled comparison of both the impact of these four programmes and how the outcomes
varied as a result of varying approaches and contextual issues. / The assessment found that HFH’s programme had made a significant contribution to
the development of sustainable communities and livelihoods. The provision of high
quality core homes had reduced household vulnerability and increased the standard
of living, while HFH’s participatory process had increased community cohesion and
developed positive relationships between communities and a range of external actors.
There were also areas for improvement such as: the incorporation of hazard assessment,
settlement planning and infrastructure at settlement level; greater community
participation in decision-making regarding settlement planning, house design and
the choice of appropriate construction techniques and technologies; greater focus on
livelihood support and diversification both during construction and after completion of
the housing programme; and complementing HFH’s experience in housing construction
with the specialist expertise of other actors to maximize the impact of its work
Very hard states in neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries
We report on unusually very hard spectral states in three confirmed
neutron-star low-mass X-ray binaries (1RXS J180408.9-342058, EXO 1745-248, and
IGR J18245-2452) at a luminosity between ~ 10^{36-37} erg s^{-1}. When fitting
the Swift X-ray spectra (0.5 - 10 keV) in those states with an absorbed
power-law model, we found photon indices of \Gamma ~ 1, significantly lower
than the \Gamma = 1.5 - 2.0 typically seen when such systems are in their so
called hard state. For individual sources very hard spectra were already
previously identified but here we show for the first time that likely our
sources were in a distinct spectral state (i.e., different from the hard state)
when they exhibited such very hard spectra. It is unclear how such very hard
spectra can be formed; if the emission mechanism is similar to that operating
in their hard states (i.e., up-scattering of soft photons due to hot electrons)
then the electrons should have higher temperatures or a higher optical depth in
the very hard state compared to those observed in the hard state. By using our
obtained \Gamma as a tracer for the spectral evolution with luminosity, we have
compared our results with those obtained by Wijnands et al. (2015). We confirm
their general results in that also our sample of sources follow the same track
as the other neutron star systems, although we do not find that the accreting
millisecond pulsars are systematically harder than the non-pulsating systems.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Particle decay branching ratios for states of astrophysical importance in 19Ne
We have measured proton and alpha-particle branching ratios of excited states
in 19Ne formed using the 19F(3He,t) reaction at a beam energy of 25 MeV. These
ratios have a large impact on the astrophysical reaction rates of
15O(alpha,gamma), 18F(p,gamma) and 18F(p,alpha), which are of interest in
understanding energy generation in x-ray bursts and in interpreting anticipated
gamma-ray observations of novae. We detect decay protons and alpha-particles
using a silicon detector array in coincidence with tritons measured in the
focal plane detector of our Enge split-pole spectrograph. The silicon array
consists of five strip detectors of the type used in the Louvain-Edinburgh
Detector Array, subtending angles from 130 degrees to 165 degrees with
approximately 14% lab efficiency. The correlation angular distributions give
additional confidence in some prior spin-parity assignments that were based on
gamma branchings. We measure Gamma_p/Gamma=0.387+-0.016 for the 665 keV proton
resonance, which agrees well with the direct measurement of Bardayan et al.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables. Prepared using RevTex 4 and BibTex.
Further minor revisions, incl. fig. 1 font size increase, 1 table removal,
and minor changes to the tex
Investigations of Various Growth Parameters, FTIR and Thermal Studies of Gel Grown Pure and Mixed Levo-tartrates of Calcium and Strontium
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