Vertex coloring edge weightings of some square graphs

A k-edge-weighting w of a graph G is an assignment of integer weight, w(e) ∈ {1, 2, . . . , k}, to each edge e. A k-edge-weighting w induces a vertex coloring c by defining c(u) = P u∼e w(e) for every u ∈ V (G), where u ∼ e denote that u is an end-vertex of e. A k-edge-weighting w of a graph G is a vertex coloring of G if the induced coloring c is proper, i.e., c(u) 6= c(v) for any edge uv ∈ E(G). In this paper, vertex coloring edge weighting of square of Cartesian product of paths is considered.Publisher's Versio

Redefining the Lost Memory: A Study of Selected Biopic in Indian Cinema

With Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s much awaited cinema Padmavati waiting to hit the big screen in December 2017, the trend of biopic in Indian cinema has come a long way. The distinction of setting this trend goes to Dadasaheb Phalke for Raja Harischandra. From 1913 to 2017, this trend has seen a sensational rise and set such an illustrious example that had he been alive he would not have had any regret in introducing the same to the film industry. The trend, over the years, has given birth to a number of blockbusters related to the unforgettable journey of foremost politicians, freedom-fighters, sports icons, business tycoons, historical figures, etc. The great thing about making a biopic is, people are aware of the person concerned, their achievements but their anxiousness remain towards the journey they do not. Here comes the responsibility of the film-makes to make a thorough research work and to bring the realistic picture of the personality to the big screen. Thankfully the Indian film industry is blessed with some gifted and talented film-makers and as a result of that we have witnessed some high quality biopic movies of Indian cinema such as: Raja Harischandra, Padmavati, M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story, Bhaag Milkha Bhaag, The Making of Mahatma, Neerja, Mary Kom, Pan Singh Tomar, Dangal, The Dirty Picture, Sarbjit, Bandit Queen, Azhar, Aligarh, Shahid, Daddy, Manjhi: The Mountain Man, Rang Rasia, Guru, Mangal Pandey, Legend of Bhagat Singh, Budhia Singh: Born to Run, Jodha Akbar, Gandhi, The making of Mahatma, Poorna, The Dirty Picture, Shootout at Wadala, Shootout at Lokhandwala, Mein Aur Charles, and Haseena Parkar etc. In this paper an attempt has been made to analise the major biopic movies produced in India. Further it examines the planning, composition, and execution of the biopic film making

The Necessity of Teaching Speaking Skills to English Language Learners: An Overview

The motivations behind this paper are to learn about speaking aptitudes of the learners utilizing the drills, to consider their disposition towards encouraging English speaking skills utilizing the informative activities. Speaking is one of the abilities that must be aced by pupils in learning English. It is a basic instrument for imparting. In the study hall, improving the speaking capacities of learners have consistently been a worry. This article depends on this principal premise. A lot of exertions has gone into creating, strategies and methodologies for teaching the target language. In the 21st century, different inventive advances are being acquainted with teaching speaking expertise in the study halls. Innovation is the vehicle to get access with this modernized world. More than the communication process, today innovation is broadly utilized in educational areas. The categorization of the different level of students that is the slow, medium and fast learners and implementing the tasks for such learners in the classroom of mixed ability students have been scrutinized. The different learner personalities, styles and strategies in teaching the language to the mixed ability of students in the language classroom are stated. Suggestions to overcome language learning difficulties are mentioned in the pape

Essays on Macroeconomic Dynamics: Trade, Integration and E(M)U Business Cycles.

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Questions surrounding the macroeconomic dynamics in the cross-country context of the EU are investigated. Both scal and monetary policy issues are included in the analysis of this study. Chapter 1 revisits the debate surrounding the twin de cits hypothesis. The literature that tests for twin de cits is reviewed with focus on empirical applications to the EU. The impact that currency unions might have on twin de cits is investigated. A Panel VAR is used to test for the existence of twin de cits on EU data. The results support evidence for the existence of twin de cits within the EU but to a smaller degree than previous papers have suggested. Chapter 2 looks that the relationship between trade and business cycle synchronization. Attention is paid to the methodological issues surrounding the extraction of business cycles from the data. Next, a system of endogenous equations is estimated to test whether trade is signi cant in driving business cycle synchronization. The results show that trade is positive and signi cant in promoting cycle synchronization. Finally, Chapter 3 measures the degree of symmetry within the EU. A novel index is proposed which attempts to measure the speed of adjustment of demand to a supply-side shock. The index is then used in an empirical estimation to test whether the other components identi ed by the Optimal Currency Area (OCA) literature are signi cant in determining symmetry. The results show that openness and in particular, international trade, is positive and signi cant in promoting a faster demand-side response to a supply-side shock

Analysis of Functional Outcome of Various Conservative Modalities in Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis: A Prospective study

INTRODUCTION: Plantar fasciitis is a pathological condition affecting the hindfoot, characterized by infero-medial heel pain which gets aggravated by weight bearing after a long period of non-weight bearing and by prolonged weight bearing. Plantar fasciitis is an overuse injury causing inflammation at the origin of the plantar fascia and surrounding perifascial structures, such as the calcaneal periosteum. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To Analyse the functional outcome of various conservative treatment modalities in plantar fasciitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study on 60 patients clinically diagnosed with plantar fasciitis in the Orthopaedic outpatient department at Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai between September 2017 - September 2019. After the base line clinical examination, the selected patients are randomized into 2 groups with 30 in each group (all patients enrolled in even numbers in one group and those enrolled in odd numbers in another group). ◈ we study on the functional outcomes of basic combined treatment modalities like - Stretching exercise along with Micro cellular Rubber foot wears in a group of patients and Stretching exercises along with laser therapy in another group of patients, using Foot Function Index and Plantar Fasciitis Pain/ Disability scale survey. ◈ Stretching Exercises given include. -Dorsiflexing and plantar flexing the toes at meta tarso phalangeal joint level. - Towel curls with toes to strengthen the intrinsic muscles of foot. - Tip toe standing and standing on heel. OUTCOME AND RESULTS: ◈ In our study of 60 patients incidence and severity of plantar fasciitis (evaluated with FFI & PFPDS) is more seen in 25 patients with body mass index >28, in comparison to other 35 patients with BMI < 28. ◈ In our study of patients with body mass index >28, 15 patients were given stretching with laser therapy and 10 patients were given stretching with MCR slippers. Significant functional improvement was seen on patients treated with stretching & laser therapy. ◈ In our study of 60 patients, 22 patients had flat foot 13 patients were given stretching with laser therapy and 9 patients were given stretching with MCR slippers. Significant functional improvement was seen on patients treated with stretching & laser therapy. CONCLUSION: ◈ Functional outcome of symptomatic relief is better in patients treated for plantar fasciitis with stretching exercises and laser therapy in comparison to patients treated with stretching exercises along with Micro Cellular Rubber (MCR) slippers. ◈ Combined treatment modalities gives better functional outcomes in conservative line of plantar fasciitis management

Clinical Study of Occurrence of Postoperative Sepsis after Emergency Abdominal Surgeries

INTRODUCTION: Post-operative sepsis is one of the most frustrating and difficult problem experienced by the surgeons in the post-operative period. It remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgeries. It increases the cost of treatment and is associated with distruption of normal life and unanticipated stress to patients. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the occurrence of post-operative sepsis which includes SSI and major septicaemia following emergency abdominal surgeries: 1. To study the various preoperative, intraoperative and post-operative factors influencing post-operative sepsis. 2. To study the microbiology of infection. 3. To study the mortality of post-operative sepsis. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted in TVMCH in the department of general surgery after getting approval from the ethical committee. After getting prior informed consent for the surgery and study subjects were enrolled for the study. The details regarding the patient investigations, diagnosis, surgical procedure, intraoperative findings, prophylactic antibiotics, postoperative period and follow up were recorded. Around 180 patients were undergone emergency abdominal surgeries during the period between October 2017 to august 2019.among them 126 were males and 54 were females. RESULTS: The incidence as per this study is around 16.6%as compared to 22.7% in previous studies. CONCLUSION: With the present study it is concluded that the cause of postoperative sepsis is multifactorial, which depends on various preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors

Evaluating the taxonomic status of Solanum nigrum L. using flow cytometry and DNA barcoding technique

Solanum nigrum L. is a widely distributed species whose taxonomic status remains controversial. The ploidy determination of all the accessions were done based on stomatal, pollen and some morphological characters but morphometry could not provide solution to distinguish these species. In this study, ploidy status of all the accessions were done using flow cytometry and DNA barcoding technique was also applied to identify and distinguish 13 distinct germplasm collections. DNA of all 13 accessions was isolated and sequenced. The sequence was aligned using DNASTAR offline Software. The DNA sequence was subjected to BLAST for identifying at species level. The intra specific variation between the species was calculated using MEGA 5.0. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that among the 13 accessions, six were identified as S. americanum Mill, three were identified as S. nigrum Linn. and four were identified as S. villosum Mill. &nbsp

Studies on Correlation and Path Analysis in Mutants of Coleus (Coleus forskohlii Briq.) for Yield and forskolin Content in V2M1 Generation

The present investigation was carried out during 2003-2007 involving terminal cuttings of coleus ecotype 'Garmai'. Genotypic correlation coefficient between yield and its components in mutants of coleus was studied, viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, number of tubers plant-1, tuber length and tuber girth were found to have positive and highly significant correlation with yield. However, forskolin and essential oil content showed negative correlation with yield. Path analysis of component characters on yield of Coleus in V2M1 generation exerted positive direct effect through the characters plant height, number of leaves plant-1 and number of tubers plant-1. Similarly, direct effect was observed to be negative through number of branches plant-1 (-0.930), total amount of alkaloids (-0.066) and forskolin content (-0.026). The current investigation resulted in residual effect of 0.158 indicating the accuracy and appropriate selection of component character for crop improvement programme. Weightage must be given to component characters exhibiting positive attributes towards fresh tuber yield in Coleus. However, some traits with negative attributes are also chosen for getting improved quality, i.e., forskolin content, without much inhibition on fresh tuber yield plant-1

Occurrence of Uranium in Groundwater from Cuddalore District Tamil Nadu Aided by Geospatial and Statistical Techniques

An attempt has been made to examine uranium distribution in groundwater from Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Groundwater occurs under porous sedimentary, fractured, and weathered hard rock formations ranging in age from recent sediments to the oldest Archean formations. A total of 186 groundwater samples were collected during Pre- Monsoon (May) and Post-monsoon (January) and analyzed for major cations, anions, and uranium using standard procedures. Major anions and cations follow the order Cl- &gt;H4SiO4&gt;HCO3- &gt;NO3- &gt; Na+&gt; Ca2+&gt; Mg2+&gt;K+&gt;SO42- &gt; F-&gt; PO43- irrespective of seasons. Uranium in groundwater ranges from 0.1 micro gram per liter (µg/l ) to 24.67 µg/l with average 1.82 µg/l. The spatial representation maps isolated areas of higher and lower uranium and statistical analysis inferred uranium sources to the groundwater environment

Detection number of bipartite graphs and cubic graphs

International audienceFor a connected graph G of order |V(G)| ≥3 and a k-labelling c : E(G) →{1,2,…,k} of the edges of G, the code of a vertex v of G is the ordered k-tuple (ℓ1,ℓ2,…,ℓk), where ℓi is the number of edges incident with v that are labelled i. The k-labelling c is detectable if every two adjacent vertices of G have distinct codes. The minimum positive integer k for which G has a detectable k-labelling is the detection number det(G) of G. In this paper, we show that it is NP-complete to decide if the detection number of a cubic graph is 2. We also show that the detection number of every bipartite graph of minimum degree at least 3 is at most 2. Finally, we give some sufficient condition for a cubic graph to have detection number 3