Near and long-term climate change in the RESCCUE project: climate extreme scenarios from downscaled CMIP5 multi-model

Ponencia presentada en: XI Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Cartagena entre el 17 y el 19 de octubre de 2018.[ES]El proyecto RESCCUE tiene como objetivo mejorar la resiliencia urbana de tres casos piloto, Barcelona, Lisboa y Bristol, a través de una evaluación de los impactos del cambio climático en varios sectores. En este estudio, se han obtenido proyecciones climáticas locales futuras y predicciones decadales para las tres ciudades a partir de un multi-modelo generado a escala local. Para este propósito, un método estadístico de downscaling en dos pasos se aplicó a las salidas de 10 modelos del experimento CMIP5 para simular diferentes variables climáticas, especialmente la precipitación subdiaria extrema. Se definieron eventos extremos sintéticos a partir de períodos de retorno ajustados con varias distribuciones teóricas: las distribuciones Gamma, Weibull, Gumbel y Monjo. En cuanto a los resultados, se esperan incrementos significativos en los valores de eventos extremos de temperatura máxima y precipitación subdiaria en las tres ciudades. Por otro lado, la altura de las olas extremas y la marea ciclónica disminuirían en algunos casos.[EN]The RESCCUE project aims to improve urban resilience of three pilot cases, Barcelona, Lisbon and Bristol, through an assessment of climate change impacts in several sectors. In this study, future local climate projections and decadal predictions have been obtained for the three cities from a multi-model generated at local scale. For this purpose, a two-step statistical downscaling method was applied to ten CMIP5 model outputs to simulate several climate drivers, focusing on extreme subdaily precipitation. Synthetic extreme events were defined for low and high return periods fitting several theoretical distributions: 2, 3 and 4-parametric versions of Gamma, Weibull, Gumbel and Monjo distributions. Regarding the results, significant increases in extreme values of maximum temperature and subdaily precipitation are expected in the three cities. Finally, extreme wave height and storm surge would decrease for some cases.This study has been performed under the RESCCUE Project (RESilience to cope with Climate Change in Urban arEas a multisectorial approach focusing on water), which has received funding from European Commission by means of Horizon 2020, the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, under Grant Agreement no. 700174

Climate services focused on water: quantity and quality

Ponencia presentada en: XII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Santiago de Compostela entre el 19 y el 21 de octubre de 2022.This work was co-funded by the EIT Climate-KIC, financing the CRISI-ADAP-II project (EIT-CKIC-TC_2.13.7_190799), as well as by the Agència Valenciana de la Innovació, through the study “Aplicación de los servicios climáticos para el desarrollo de una estrategia de adaptación al cambio climático de los sistemas urbanos de abastecimiento” (INNTA3/2020/14), and supported by the Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO) of the Spanish Government under the “IMpacts of climate change on wetlands Affected by GroUndwAter (IMAGUA)” project, Phase I and II (2021-2023)

Local decadal prediction according to statistical/dynamical approaches

Dynamical climate models present an initialization problem due to the poor availability of deep oceanic data, which is required for the model assimilation process. In this sense, teleconnection indices, defined from spatial and temporal patterns of climatic variables, are conceived as useful tools to complement them. In this work, the near-term climate predictability of 35 temperature and 36 precipitation time series of three cities (Barcelona, Bristol and Lisbon) was analysed using two approaches: (a) a statistical–dynamical combination of selfpredictable teleconnection indices and long-term climate projections on a local scale and (b) dynamical model outputs obtained from drift-corrected decadal experiments. Fourier and wavelet analyses were used to assess the predictability of seven teleconnection indices thanks to a cross-validation process (with differentiated training and validation periods). The standardized absolute error of teleconnection-based prediction was compared with that obtained from a (9) multi-model ensemble based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. Results showed that decadal predictions at horizons between 20 and 30 years are adequate for temperature and precipitation if a teleconnection-based approach is used, while temperature is better predicted from a 5-year horizon using drift corrected dynamical outputs

Effects of Climate Change on Water Quality in the Jucar River Basin (Spain)

[EN] The Mediterranean region is a climate change hotspot, especially concerning issues of hydrological planning and urban water supply systems. In this context, the Jucar River Basin (Spain) presents an increase of frequency, intensity and duration of extreme meteorological phenomena, such as torrential rains, droughts or heat waves, which directly affect the quantity and quality of raw water available for drinking. This paper aims to analyze the effects of climate change on the raw water quality of the Jucar River Basin District, which mainly supplies the city of Valencia and its metropolitan area, in order to adapt drinking water treatments to new conditions and opportunities. For this purpose, we used observed data of water quality parameters from four stations and climate drivers from seven Earth system models of the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 6. To model water quality (turbidity and conductivity) in the past and future scenarios, this study employs a backward stepwise regression taking into account daily values of mean temperature, maximum temperature, total rainfall and minimum and maximum relative humidity. Results showed that the model performance of the water quality simulation is more adequate for short moving-average windows (about 2-7 days) for turbidity and longer windows (about 30-60 days) for conductivity. Concerning the future scenarios, the most significant change was found in the projected increase of conductivity for the station of the Jucar river, between 4 and 11% by 2100, respectively, under the medium (SSP2-4.5) and pessimistic (SSP5-8.5) emission scenarios. The joint use of these types of management and monitoring tools may help the managers in charge of carrying out the different water treatments needed to apply a better plan to raw water and may help them identify future threats and investment needs to adapt the urban water supply systems to the changing conditions of raw water, such as turbidity or conductivity, as a consequence of climate change.This research was co-funded by the Agencia Valenciana de la Innovacio, through the study "Aplicacion de los servicios climaticos para el desarrollo de una estrategia de adaptacion al cambio climatico de los sistemas urbanos de abastecimiento" (INNTA3/2020/14), as well as by EIT Climate-KIC, financing the CRISI-ADAP-II project (EIT-CKIC-TC_2.13.7_190799), and supported by the Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO) of the Spanish Government under the "IMpacts of climate change on wetlands Affected by GroUndwAter (IMAGUA)" project.Gómez-Martínez, G.; Galiano, L.; Rubio, T.; Prado-López, C.; Redolat, D.; Paradinas Blázquez, C.; Gaitán, E.... (2021). Effects of Climate Change on Water Quality in the Jucar River Basin (Spain). Water. 13(17):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172424S117131

Caracterización del clima de Ciudad de México: precipitación (1775-1786)

[EN] This work analyses the daily data found in a manuscript written in the City of México in the years 1775-1786. For that purpose, the data were transcribed. The literal descriptions were codified into numerical indices. To validate the historical series, the resulting distributions of the hydrometeorological indices were compared against the instrumental data from the Azcapotzalco’s station, the best correlated observatory from today’s City of Mexico stations. We conclude with high reliability that both patterns agree, and thus data from the manuscript can be considered as representative of a similar precipitation regime as today’s, although historical data slightly overestimate the frequency of precipitation. Dry and wet years were analyzed through the analogues method from the instrumental period. We used composites analysis thanks to reanalysis tools, concluding that ENSO, PDO or CLLJ could have modulated rainfall extremes in the historical period[ES] Este trabajo analiza los datos de tipo diario encontrados en un manuscrito escrito en Ciudad de México en los años 1775-1786. Para tal propósito, los datos fueron transcritos. Las descripciones literales han sido codificadas mediante índices numéricos. Para validar las series históricas, las distribuciones resultantes de los índices hidrometeorológicos se han comparado con datos instrumentales de la estación de Azcapotzalco, la estación mejor correlacionada de todas las presentes hoy en Ciudad de México. Concluimos con una alta confianza que ambos patrones coinciden, y por lo tanto los datos del manuscrito pueden considerarse como representativos de un régimen pluviométrico como el actual, aunque los datos históricos sobreestiman ligeramente la frecuencia de precipitación. Los años secos y húmedos fueron analizados a través del método por análogos a partir del periodo instrumental. Usamos análisis de composites gracias a herramientas de reanálisis, concluyendo que el ENSO, PDO o el CLLJ pudieron haber modulado los extremos de precipitación en el periodo históricoPeer reviewe

Surface-guided graphene nanoribbon superlattices

Resumen del trabajo presentado al International workshop On-Surface Synthesis (OSS), celebrado en Sant Feliu de Guíxol (España) del 23 al 28 de septiembre de 2018.The on-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) has been subject of intense research in recent years. Focused mainly on the realization of GNRs with different shape, edge structure and chemical composition, few studies have paid attention to the control of their distribution throughout the surface, which is critical for integration in devices. The most representative advance in this direction has been the use of stepped surfaces as templates to align the GNRs along one direction at the cm scale, a distribution that can be then replicated after transfer to insulating substrates. Here we show how the herringbone reconstruction can be used as template for inducing different GNR superlattice patterns. Hydrogenated and fluorinated triphenylene derivatives lead to GNRs that interact strongly with the surface reconstruction, which constrains their growth along the fcc domains. This results in a 2D superlattice that replicates the herringbone pattern, and limits the GNR size to the straight domains of the zig-zag. In contrast, GNRs obtained with diphenyl–DBBA undergo a more subtle interaction, where the interaction with the reconstruction is only exploited for the parallel alignment of GNRs without limiting their size. As a consequence we obtain parallel arrays of ultra-long GNRs (>100nm) of different periodicity depending on the coverage (Fig .1). The parallel distribution is optimum for the realization of multichannel electronic devices and optical superlattices, and additionally provides an ideal configuration for the subsequent lateral coupling of GNRs that give rise to nanoporous graphene.Peer reviewe

On-surface synthesis of superlattice arrays of ultra-long graphene nanoribbons

We report the on-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbon superlattice arrays directed by the herringbone reconstruction of the Au(111) surface. The uniaxial anisotropy of the zigzag pattern of the reconstruction defines a one dimensional grid for directing the Ullmann polymerization and inducing periodic arrays of parallel ultra-long nanoribbons (>100 nm), where the periodicity is varied with coverage at discrete values following a hierarchical templating behavior.C. M. was supported by AGAUR through the FP7-EU under Marie Curie COFUND action 600385. M. P. acknowledges the Spanish Government for financial support through PTA2014-09788-I. Funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. We acknowledge support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MAT2013-46593-C6-2-P, MAT2013-46593-C6-5-P, MAT2016-78293-C6-2-R, MAT2016-78293-C6-4-R and Severo Ochoa No. SEV-2013-0295), the EU project PAMS (610446) the Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigacion de Galicia accreditation 2016–2019, ED431G/09), and the European Regional Development Fund.Peer reviewe

Increased urban resilience to climate change: key outputs from the RESCCUE project

RESCCUE is an H2020 research project that aims to help cities around the world to become more resilient to physical, social, and economic challenges, using the water sector as the central point of the approach. Since 2016, RESCCUE has been developing methodologies and tools to support cities increase their resilience. The three RESCCUE cities, Barcelona, Bristol, and Lisbon, have become a testing platform for the cutting-edge technologies developed in RESCCUE but these are also ready to be deployed to different types of cities, with different climate change pressures. This paper presents some of the main outputs generated by RESCCUE. From climate change scenarios to dissemination tools, and from sectorial models to Resilience Action Plans (RAPs), the outputs that have been produced are very diverse, but special focus is put on the urban water cycle and urban floods. All the project results have a common goal: to increase the resilience of cities from around the world, by offering the methodologies and tools so anyone can take advantage of using them and replicate the RESCCUE results.This research was funded by Horizon2020 Programme, Grant Agreement No. 700174. This paper presents some of the results achieved in the framework of the RESCCUE project (Resilience to Cope with Climate Change in Urban Areas—A multisectoral approach focusing on water) (www.resccue.eu). RESCCUE is a research project funded by the European Commission under the H2020 program, and its main goal is to provide methodologies and tools for the evaluation, planning and management of urban resilience in the context of climate change.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

On-surface synthesis of nanoporous graphene

Resumen del trabajo presentado al International workshop On-Surface Synthesis (OSS), celebrado en Sant Feliu de Guíxol (España) del 23 al 28 de septiembre de 2018.Nanosize pores can turn semimetallic graphene into a semiconductor and from being impermeable into the most efficient molecular sieve membrane. However, scaling the pores down to the nanometer, while fulfilling the tight structural constraints imposed by applications, represents an enormous challenge for present top-down strategies. Here we report a bottom-up method to synthesize nanoporous graphene comprising an ordered array of pores separated by ribbons, which can be tuned down to the one nanometer range. The size, density, morphology and chemical composition of the pores are defined with atomic precision by the design of the molecular precursors. Our DFT-STS study further reveal a highly anisotropic electronic structure, where orthogonal one-dimensional electronic bands with an energy gap of ~1 eV coexist with confined pore states that can be regarded as 2D analogues of the superatom states found in fullerene. The combined structural and electrical properties makes this nanoporous 2D material a highly versatile semiconductor for simultaneous sieving and electrical sensing of molecular species.Peer reviewe

From molecules to atomically precise graphene nanoarchitectures

Resumen del trabajo presentado a la Grenoble-Barcelona twin conference: From quantum systems to new materials and smart electrical energy (GreBa-QME), celebrada en Grenoble (Francia) del 23 al 25 de octubre de 2019