Epidemiologic Behavior of Obesity in the Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study

Introduction: Obesity is a worldwide public health issue. Since the epidemiological behaviour of this disease is not well established in our country, the purpose of this study was to determinate its prevalence in the Maracaibo City, Zulia State- Venezuela. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken using the data set from the Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study. The sample consists of 2108 individuals from both genders and randomly selected: 1119 (53.09%) women and 989 (46.91%) men. The participants were interrogated for a complete clinical history and anthropometric measurements. To classify obesity, the WHO criteria for Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist Circumference (WC) from the IDF/NHLBI/AHA/WHF/IAS/IASO-2009 (IDF-2009) and ATPIII statements were applied. Results: For BMI, obesity had an overall prevalence of 33.3% (n = 701), and according to gender women had 32.4% (n = 363) and men had 34.2% (n = 338). Overweight had a prevalence of 34.8% (n = 733), Normal weight had 29.8% (n = 629), and Underweight had 2.1% (n = 45). Adding Obesity and Overweight results, the prevalence of elevated BMI (.25 Kg/m2) was 68.1%. Using the IDF-2009 WC’s cut-off, Obesity had 74.2% prevalence, compared to 51.7% using the ATPIII parameters. Conclusions: These results show a high prevalence of abdominal obesity in our locality defined by the WHO, IDF-2009 and ATPIII criteria, which were not designed for Latin-American populations. We suggest further investigation to estimate the proper values according to ethnicity, genetic background and sociocultural aspects

High-sensitivity c-reactive protein epidemiological behavior in adult individuals from Maracaibo, Venezuela

Objectives: High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) is one of the most applied inflammation markers; therefore, the main objective of this research is to evaluate its epidemiological behavior in adult subjects of the Maracaibo City, Venezuela. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,422 subjects, 704 women (49.5%) and 718 men (50.5%), were enrolled in the Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study. The results were expressed as medians and inter-quartile ranges (p25-p75). Differences were determined through the Mann-Whitney U test and one-way ANOVA test with the Bonferroni adjustment. A multiple logistic regression model was designed for the analysis of the main factors associated with high serum hs-CRP levels. Results: Overall hs-CRP median was 0,.372 mg/L (0.126- 0.765 mg/L), 0,382 mg/L (0.122-0.829 mg/L) for women and 0.365 mg/L (0.133-0.712 mg/L) for men; p=0.616. An increasing pattern was observed in hs-CRP concentrations through age, BMI, waist circumference and HOMA2-IR categories. After adjusting for independent variables, a greater risk for elevated hs-CRP levels was observed with female gender, hypertriacylglyceridemia, obesity, diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and very large waist circumference values. Conclusions: Elevated hs-CRP levels are related to the metabolic syndrome but not with each of their separate components, being a greater waist circumference one of the more important risk factors, but only at values much higher than those proposed for our population.&nbsp

Body Mass Index according to age groups and gender, Maracaibo City 2010.

<p>The prevalence of Obesity was 32,4% for women and 34,2% for men. Significant difference (*) was observed between gender and in three age groups: ≤19 years, 20–29 years and 40–49 years.</p

Waist Circumference distributed according to Age Groups and Gender expressed as mean and standard deviation, Maracaibo City 2010.

<p>Waist Circumference distributed according to Age Groups and Gender expressed as mean and standard deviation, Maracaibo City 2010.</p

Prevalence of Obesity according to WHO, ATPIII and IDF-2009 criteria, Maracaibo City 2010.

<p>Using BMI (WHO) as tool for diagnosis, Obesity was observed in 33% of the sample and in both sexes. Taking waist circumference as reference, ATPIII obtained 51,7% of Obesity, in contrast to 74,2% applying IDF-2009's cut-offs. Using Z Test for proportions, significant differences were observed in between all classifications.</p

Distribution of the Population according to BMI, Ethnic Group and Socioeconomic Status, Maracaibo City 2010.

<p>Distribution of the Population according to BMI, Ethnic Group and Socioeconomic Status, Maracaibo City 2010.</p

p values from ANOVA test when comparing Waist Circumference means, according to Age Groups and Gender, Maracaibo City 2010.

<p>The results shown here should be read as follows: the Female age groups are in the White boxes, while the Men age groups are in the Light Gray ones. Each Age group is compared as the table flows onwards. The black boxes represent the same age group which cannot compare with itself. ANOVA is Significant when p<0,05.</p

p values from ANOVA test when comparing BMI, according to Age Groups and Gender, Maracaibo City 2010.

<p>The results shown here should be read as follows: the Female age groups are in the White boxes, while the Men age groups are in the Light Gray ones. Each Age group is compared as the table flows onwards. The black boxes represent the same age group which cannot compare with itself. ANOVA is Significant when p<0,05.</p

Distribution of the Population according to BMI, Sex and Age Groups, Maracaibo City 2010.

<p>Distribution of the Population according to BMI, Sex and Age Groups, Maracaibo City 2010.</p