A dementia neuropathológiája Parkinson-syndromákban = Neuropathology of dementia in Parkinson's syndromes

Vizsgálatainkban Parkinson-syndromákban (multiszisztémás atrophia, Parkinson-kór, progresszív supranuclearis bénulás, vascularis parkinsonismus (Binswanger-betegség) a dementia neuropathológiai hátterét objektív sejtszámlálási módszerekkel vizsgáltuk, az így kapott adatokat összehasonlítva az adott terület neuropathológiai markereivel. A sejtszámlálást optikai disszektor segítségével végeztük, a neuropathológiai eltéréseket immunhisztokémiai módszerekkel határoztuk meg. Multiszisztémás atrophiában a hippocampalis formatio patológiájának különbségét igazoltuk demens és nem demens betegek között. A subcorticalis magvak sejtszámának különbségét nem igazoltuk. Parkinson- kórban és progresszív supranuclearis paresisben a statisztikai feldolgozáshoz szükséges számú minta összegyűjtése még folyamatban van. Vascularis Parkinson- syndromában kimutattuk a subcorticalis fehérállományi és a corticalis NFT patológia kapcsolatát. Úgy találtuk, hogy a territoriális nagyérbetegségben az oligodendroglia károsodása kisebb mértékű, mint kisérbetegségben. | Using objective stereological cell-counting methods, we studied the neuropathological basis of dementia in Parkinsonian syndromes (multiple system atrophy, Parkinson)s disease, progressivw supranuclear palsy and vascular parkinsonism (Binswanger's disease)) and compared the data with the neuropathological markers of the given area. Optical dissector was used for counting the cells while the neuropathological markers were identified by immunohistochemistry. Our results proved that the pathology of the hippocampal formations is different between the demented and non-demented patients with multiple system atrophy. The number of the neurones in the subcortical nuclei was similar. The number of the cases in Parkinson?s disease and in progressive supranuclear palsy is need to be increased The correlation of the cortical neurofibrillary pathology and the subcortical white matter pathology was proved in vascular Parkinsonian- syndrome. We found that the damage (tau pathology) of the oligodendroglial cells is less severe in territorial infarctions than in subcortical small vessel disease

Assembly of Schizosaccharomyces cryophilus chromosomes and their comparative genomic analyses revealed principles of genome evolution of the haploid fission yeasts

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Long-Term PDE-5A Inhibition Improves Myofilament Function in Left and Right Ventricular Cardiomyocytes through Partially Different Mechanisms in Diabetic Rat Hearts

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunc- tion are frequent complications of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here we aimed to characterize RV and left ventricular (LV) remodeling and its prevention by vardenafil (a long-acting phosphodiesterase- 5A (PDE-5A) inhibitor) administration in a diabetic HFpEF model. Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) and control, ZDF Lean (Lean) male rats received 10 mg/kg vardenafil (ZDF + Vard; Lean + Vard) per os, on a daily basis for a period of 25 weeks. In vitro force measurements, biochemical and histochemical assays were employed to assess cardiomyocyte function and signaling. Vardenafil treatment increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels and decreased 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in the left and right ventricles of ZDF animals, but not in Lean animals. Cardiomyocyte passive tension (Fpassive) was higher in LV and RV cardiomyocytes of ZDF rats than in those receiving preventive vardenafil treatment. Levels of overall titin phosphorylation did not differ in the four experimental groups. Maximal Ca2+-activated force (Fmax) of LV and RV cardiomyocytes were preserved in ZDF animals. Ca2+-sensitivity of isometric force production (pCa50) was significantly higher in LV (but not in RV) cardiomyocytes of ZDF rats than in their counterparts in the Lean or Lean + Vard groups. In accordance, the phosphorylation levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) were lower in LV (but not in RV) cardiomyocytes of ZDF animals than in their counterparts of the Lean or Lean + Vard groups. Vardenafil treatment normalized pCa50 values in LV cardiomyocytes, and it decreased pCa50 below control levels in RV cardiomyocytes in the ZDF + Vard group. Our data illustrate partially overlapping myofilament protein alterations for LV and RV cardiomyocytes in diabetic rat hearts upon long-term PDE-5A inhibition. While uniform patterns in cGMP, 3-NT and Fpassive levels predict identical effects of vardenafil therapy for the diastolic function in both ventricles, the uneven cTnI, cMyBP-C phosphorylation levels and pCa50 values implicate different responses for the systolic function

Progression of Alzheimer-type Neurofibrillary Tangles is Related to the Proximodistal Segments of the Hemispheric Arteries.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), neurofibrillary degeneration in the hemispheres starts in the limbic and paralimbic regions prior to those in the isocortical ones but factors determining the progression of these changes are unknown. Previous studies have shown that migration of extracellular substances (volume transmission) driven by arterial pulse pressure waves from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) towards the brain parenchyma occurs earlier in these limbic and paralimbic cortices located around the basal cisterns containing the proximal segments of the main hemispheric arteries than in the isocortex. Considering this similarity, the aim of our study was to examine the relation between the proximal segments of the main hemispheric arteries and the development and spread of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in limbic and early isocortical Braaks' stages. Blocks following proximosdistal levels of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries containing areas of the cingulate and insular cortices, respectively, were dissected and NFTs were counted. In both regions, the density of NFTs decreased in parallel with the proximodistal segments of the accompanying arteries. Our results show that neurofibrillary degeneration in AD is related to the proximodistal levels of the main hemispheric arteries and raise the possibility that this effect is mediated by volume transmission from the CSF into the brain

Application of different markers and data-analysis tools to the examination of biodiversity can lead to different results: a case study with Starmerella bacillaris (synonym Candida zemplinina) strains

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Surgical removal of an ocular fibroma in an emperor red snapper (Lutjanus sebae, Cuvier, 1816) - Case report

SUMMARY Background: The authors report in this study a fibroma within the eye of an Emperor Red Snapper (Lutjanus sebae). Ocular tumours of fish are infrequent and there are very few published cases of successful treatment. Objectives: The first clinical signs were very similar to those of gas bubble disease and conservative treatment was carried out. However, the progression of macrophthalmia and exophthalmos, during which the eye with the lesion increased by about five-fold, led to a decrease in food intake and emaciation. Therefore the surgical removal of the eye was necessary. Materials and Methods: The fish was separated in a 60 litre aquarium for treatment and observation. This was also considered a therapeutic trial, as gas bubble disease was a possible differential diagnosis. Bubbles within the eye were removed after topical analgesia with lidocaine using a hypodermic needle. However the problem recurred in 5–20 days and the eye was removed surgically. The animal was anaesthetised with eugenol using immersion and a recirculating system. Recovery was without complications. As postoperative treatment chloramphenicol was used and the concentration of the antibiotic was reduced step by step by water exchange in the aquarium. Results and Discussion: 2 days after the surgery in-coordination was observed, which has gradually improved and the animal was moved back on show in a pub lic aquarium. There were no further complications experienced in the holding tank, neither regarding social interactions or food intake. Histopathological examination proved a fibroma in the affected eye. Six months post-surgery the measurements (body weight and length) of the fish were increased by 56%. No visible recurrence of the tumour was found at the follow-up examinations. After surgery the animal lived for another 22 months and died of unrelated reasons, recurrence was not proved after death. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first successful surgical treatment of an ocular fibroma in an Emperor Red Snapper