Upoređivanje nutritivnih vrednosti pšenice i tritikale za ishranu riba

Žitarice predstavljaju osnovni izvor energije za ishranu ljudi i domaćih životinja zbog visokog sadržaja skroba i drugih ugljenih hidrata. Dominantu ulogu među njima imaju kukuruz, pirinač i pšenica. Demografska eksplozija uslovljava da se za ovu namenu, uključujući ishranu riba, sve više uključuju druge vrste žitarica među kojima je i tritikale. Žitarice se prema nutritivnoj vrednosti i upotrebljivosti za ishranu domaćih životinja mogu rangirati sledećim redosledom: pšenica - tritikale - kukuruz - ječam – raž. Tritikale (x Triticosecale) je hibrid pšenice (Triticum spp.) i raži (Secale cereale sa nizom poboljšanih kvantitativnih karakteristika u odnosu na roditelje. Tolerantnost na bolesti i nepovoljne agroekološke uslove omogućuju gajenje u područjima manje pogodnim za gajenje komercijalno značajnijih žitarica. Zrno tritikale prema ukupnom sadržaju proteina (do 20% suve mase) i pojedinih esencijalnih aminokiselina (posebno lizina) prevazilazi druge žitarice. Sem toga, karakteriše ga povećana iskoristljivost fosfora uslovljena višim sadržajem enzima fitaze. Zrno tritikale ima neznatno manju energetsku vrednost u poređenju sa pšenicom. Povećan sadržaj celuloze smanjuje njegovu svarljivost. Ekstrudiranjem i drugim termičkim postupcima moguće je izvršiti želatinizacija sirovog skroba i povećati stepen svarljivosti. Veći broj istraživanja sprovedenim na šaranu (Cyprinus carpio), ukazuju na mogućnost delimične zamene pšenice i kukuruza, kao i ribljeg brašna, tritikaleom u smešama za ishranu šaranskih vrsta

Kvalitet vode za piće naselja Žiča (Kraljevo)

The objective of this work is to present some characteristics of water supply and drinking water quality of Žiča village. The results of analysis of of water qualty provided by the Kraljevo water supply system to most Žiča residents as well as the quality of mountain water used by fewer residents. The physicochemical and microbiological analysis of raw and desinfected water from the town’s water supply system showed its health safety. The physicochemical and microbiological analysis of mountain water indicated its poorer quality. The microbiological testing of mountain water confirm presence of Escherichia coli and mesophilic bacteria as indicators of faecal contamination. It si recommended that the whole Žiča village be connected to the water supply network of the Kraljevo town to help reduce the risk of waterborne epidemics.U radu su prikazane neke karakteristike vodosnabdevanja i kvalitet vode za piće naselja Žiča tokom 2014. i 2015. godine. Analiziran je kvalitet vode iz gradskog vodovoda Kraljevo kojom se snabdeva većina stanovnika i kvalitet planinske vode koju koristi manji broj stanovnika Žiče. Analize fizičko-hemijskih i mikrobioloških pokazatelja kvaliteta sirove i dezinfikovane vode gradskog vodovoda Kraljevo potvrđuju da je voda za piće zdravstveno bezbedna. Rezultati fizičko-hemijskih i mikrobioloških analiza planinske vode ukazuju na njen lošiji kvalitet. Uočena je bakterijska kontaminacija planinske vode bakterijom Escherichia coli i mezofilnim bakterijama koje su indikatori fekalnog zagađenja. Preporuka rada je da se kompletno naselje Žiča priključi na gradsku vodovodnu mrežu Kraljeva čime bi se smanjila mogućnost nastanka hidričnih epidemija

Otpadne vode Topole

In this paper we can see the basic characteristics and the quality of wastewater of Topola before and after the process of purification. Only households and catering Facilities are connected to the town's sewage network, so that at treatment of wastewater, only mechanical and biological procedures of purification are applied. The central place at the Plant for waste water purification is bioaeration pool, where microbiological degradation reduces the presence of organic pollution.The significant reduction of values of basic organic pollution indicators BOD5 (81,84%) and COD (82,27%) in wastewater after the purification process confirm the efficiency and justification of the applied technological process.U radu su prikazane osnovne karakteristike i kvalitet otpadnih (kanalizacionih) voda Topole pre i posle procesa prešićavanja. Na gradsku kanalizacionu mrežu Topole su priključena isključivo domaćinstva i ugostiteljski objekti, tako da su u tretmanu otpadnih voda primenjeni postupci mehaničkog i biološkog prečišćavanja. Centralno mesto u Postrojenju za prečišćavanje otpadnih voda zauzima bioaeracioni bazen u kome se mikrobiološkom razgradnjom smanjuje prisutno organsko zagađenje. Značajno sniženje vrednosti osnovnih pokazatelja organskog zagađenja BPK5 (81,84%) i HPK (82,27%) u otpadnoj vodi nakon procesa prečišćavanja potvrđuju efikasnost i opravdanost primenjenog tehnološkog postupka

Biljna ulja u ishrani riba

There has been a trend towards constant growth in fish farming. It is well known that fish meal (as a basic source of protein) and fish oil (as a source of fatty acids) provide feedstuffs for farmed fish. Increasing aquaculture requirements and limited natural resources call the attention of both practice and scientific research to alternative sources of these feed components. Certain vegetable oils have been increasingly used as a source of fatty acids. This study provides an outline of the potential use of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oils as complete or partial substitutes for fish oil in the diet of cyprinids and trouts predominating in European aquaculture.Gajenje riba u akvakulturi ispoljava tendenciju stalnog porasta. Poznato je da se u kompletnim smešama za ishranu riba koriste riblje brašno (osnovni izvor proteina) i riblje ulje (izvor masnih kiselina). Rastuće potrebe akvakulture i ograničeni prirodni resursi uslovljavaju da se u praksi i naučnim istraživanjima velika pažnja posvećuje alternativnim izvorima ovih hranidbenih komponenti. Kao izvor masnih kiselina sve više se koriste pojedina biljna ulja. U radu je dat kratak osvrt na mogućnost korišćenja biljnih ulja iz semena lana (Linum usitatissimum L.) i uljane repice (Brassica napus L.) kao potpunih ili delimičnih supstituenata ribljeg ulja u smešama za ishranu šaranskih i pastrmskih riba koje su dominantne u evropskoj akvakulturi

Ocena ekološkog statusa reke Zapadne Morave

The paper presents the results of basic physico-chemical and microbiological analyzes of the water quality of the middle course of the West Morava River during the year 2016. The quality of river water of most of the profiles corresponded to moderate ecological status, or III class of surface waters. The worst quality is registered in the Stancici profile, located downstream from the influx of wastewater from the city collector Cacak and the mouth of the Cemernica river. Extremely large microbiological pollution in some periods of the year is characterized by water of this profile as unusable for watering and other purposes. The results obtained confirm the justification for the construction of the Wastewater Treatment System from the city collector Cacak.U radu su prikazani rezultati analiza osnovnih fizičko-hemijskih i mikrobioloških pokazatelja kvaliteta vode srednjeg toka reke Zapadne Morave obavljenih tokom 2016. godine. Kvalitet vode većine profila je odgovarao umerenom ekološkom statusu, odnosno III klasi površinskih voda. Najlošiji kvalitet je registrovan u profilu Stančići, lociranom nizvodno od upliva otpadnih voda gradskog kolektora Čačka i ušća reke Čemernice. Velika mikrobiološka zagađenja u nekim periodima godine karakterišu vodu ovog profila kao neupotrebljivu za zalivanje i druge namene

Lekovita svojstva meda sa dodatkom gljive Coriolus versicolor

Biologically active substances from mushroom Coriolus versicolor are ß-glucanproteins which have antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial and antioxidative properties and improve immunity. Studies have shown that mycelium of this mushroom has two significant biologically active substances PSK (polysaccharide krestin) and PSP (polysaccharide peptide). Honey has been reported to contain about 200 substances (complex mixture of sugars, but also small amounts of other constituents such as minerals, proteins, vitamins, organic acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, enzymes and other phytochemicals), and is considered to be an important part of traditional medicine. Overall, honey serves as a source of natural antioxidants. The aim of this paper was to determined antioxidant activity and tothal phenols content in honey with C. versicolor. Total phenols content (26,04 mg gallic acid/100 g) and high reducing activity it was found in the sample of honey with C. versicolor. The results suggest that the addition of honey with this mushroom has a significantly higher antioxidant activity compared with the most antioxidants such as vitamin C.Biološki aktivne supstance gljive Coriolus versicolor su β-glukan proteini koji imaju antikancerogena, antiviralna, antibakterijska i antioksidativna svojstva i poboljšavju imunitet. Istraživanja su pokazala da micelijum ove gljive sadrži dve značajne biološki aktivne materije: PSK (polisaharid krestin) i PSP (polisaharidpeptid). Med sadrži oko 200 materija (kompleksnu smešu šećera, i manji sadržaj materija kao što su minerali, proteini, vitamini, organske kiseline, flavonoidi, fenolne kiseline, enzimi i druge fitohemijske materije). Med se duži niz godina koristi u tradicionalnoj medicini. Pored toga, med je i prirodni izvor antioksidanasa. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se odredi antioksidativna aktivnost i ukupni sadržaj fenola u medu sa dodatkom gljive C. versicolor. Ukupni sadržaj fenola (26,04 mg galne kiseline/100 g) i visoka redukciona aktivnost određeni su u uzorku meda sa dodatkom gljive C. versicolor. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da med sa dodatkom ove gljive ima znatno veću antioksidativnu aktivnost u poređenju sa najpoznatijim antioksidansima kao što je vitamin C

The Impact of Hippocampal Sex Hormones Receptors in Modulation of Depressive-Like Behavior Following Chronic Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Exercise Protocols in Rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in depressive-like behaviors in rats following chronic administration of a supraphysiological dose of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) as well as exposure to a prolonged exercise protocol. The role of hippocampal sex hormones receptors in the modulation of depressive-like behavior was also assessed. A total of 48 male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups: control, exercise (1 h/day, five consecutive days), nandrolone-decanoate (ND, 20 mg/kg/week, in a single dose), exercise plus ND, testosterone-enanthate (TE, 20 mg/kg/week, in a single dose), and exercise plus TE. After the 6-week protocols were complete, the rats underwent behavioral testing in the tail suspension test (TST). Rats were sacrificed for the collection of blood samples, to determine sex hormones levels, and isolation of the hippocampus, to determine [androgen receptors (AR) and estrogen receptors α (ERα)] expression. ND and TE treatment induced significant depressive-like behavior, opposing the antidepressant effect of exercise. Chronic TE administration elevated testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) serum levels, and this was augmented by exercise. In contrast, ND and exercise alone did not alter T or DHT levels. There were no changes in serum estradiol levels in any of the groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that exercise reduced AR immunoreactivity in all hippocampal regions and increased the ERα expression in the CA1, dentate gyrus (DG), and total hippocampal sections, but not in the CA2/3 region. AASs administration increased AR expression in all hippocampal regions, although not the total hippocampal section in the TE group and did not significantly decrease ERα. The hippocampal AR/ERα expression index was lowered while parvalbumin (PV)-immunoreactivity was enhanced by exercise. AASs administration increased the AR/ERα index and reduced PV-immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. The number of PV-immunoreactive neurons negatively correlated with the antidepressant effects and the AR/ERα ratio. Our results suggest a potential role of the numerical relationship between two sex hormones receptors (stronger correlation than for each individual receptor) in the regulation of depressive-like behavior via the hippocampal GABAergic system in rats, which allow better understanding of the hippocampal sex hormones receptors role in modulation of depressive-like behavior

Network capacity planning in cloud - Challenges and approaches

We are witnessing the transition of telecom services to cloud, but real-time and high QoS requirements make the transition a slow and difficult process. Through its successful application in IT world, we have seen that cloud offers numerous benefits, including cost reduction, scalability and automation. Furthermore, constantly decreasing hardware costs and auto-scaling capability give an illusion of having infinite resources in cloud. Thus, planning the capacity of a cloud seems unnecessary. In fact, it is one of the most underestimated problems in cloud computing. In order to guarantee service quality to their users, telecom service providers will need to manage network capacity in cloud as well. While in traditional network setting, where resources are static and dedicated, capacity planning involves estimating the optimal amount of hardware equipment to be purchased; in dynamic virtualized environment, it means estimating the amount of needed virtual resources. The main objectives of this thesis work are to: explore traditional network capacity planning and the current cloud capacity planning approaches, compare them in order to define the main requirements for a tool that will manage NW capacity in cloud; and to create and test a prototype based on these requirements. The used research methodology includes literature review, survey and a case study. Based on the research results it was concluded that there are many challenges in network capacity management, such as excessive manual work and the absence of an end-to-end tool. In cloud, solutions need to be auto-scalable, to react in real-time and have integrated performance monitor. For telecom, the biggest challenges in cloud are retaining high QoS and avoiding service interruption. These are the most important factors to be taken into account in capacity planning process. Thus, a network capacity planning tool primarily needs to addresses performance vs. scalability trade-off

Medicinal Properties of Mushroom Coriolus Versicolor

Gljiva Coriohis versicolor (L. Ex Fr.) Pilat, sin. Trametes versicolor (L., Fr.) Lioyd, ispoljava znacajna antitumorka i imunostimulatorska svojstva sto je svrstava u lekovite gljive. Zbog cvrstog plodonosnog tela pripada nejestivim gljivama. Iz nje su izolovani polisaharidi za koje je dokazano da su bioloski aktivne materije. Aktivne komponente su fi-glukan-proteini koji pokazuju antitumoma, antiviralna, antibakterijska, antioksidativna i imunomodulatorska svojstva i ergosterol. Istrazivanja su pokazala da micelijum gljive C. versicolor sadrzi dve najznacajnije bioaktivne komponente PSK (polisaharid krestin) i PSP (polisaharid peptid). Pored ove dve komponente, sadrzi i polisaharid koriolan za koji je dokazano da ima visoko antitumorsko dejstvo.The mushroom Coriolus versicolor has significant antitumor properties and improves immunity. Because of tightly fruitful body this mushroom is inedible medicinal mushroom. From this mushroom are isolated polysaccharides that are biologically active substances. Biologically active substances from this mushroom are fl-glucan-proteins which have antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial and antioxidative properties and improve immunity. Studies have shown that mycelium of this mushroom has two significant biologically active substances PSK (polysaccharide krestin) and PSP (polysaccharide peptide). The mycelium contains polysaccharide coriolanus that has high antitumor effect