High rate, fast timing Glass RPC for the high {\eta} CMS muon detectors

The HL-LHC phase is designed to increase by an order of magnitude the amount of data to be collected by the LHC experiments. To achieve this goal in a reasonable time scale the instantaneous luminosity would also increase by an order of magnitude up to $6.10^{34} cm^{-2} s^{-1}$ . The region of the forward muon spectrometer ($|{\eta}| > 1.6$) is not equipped with RPC stations. The increase of the expected particles rate up to $2 kHz/cm^{2}$ (including a safety factor 3) motivates the installation of RPC chambers to guarantee redundancy with the CSC chambers already present. The actual RPC technology of CMS cannot sustain the expected background level. The new technology that will be chosen should have a high rate capability and provides a good spatial and timing resolution. A new generation of Glass-RPC (GRPC) using low-resistivity (LR) glass is proposed to equip at least the two most far away of the four high ${\eta}$ muon stations of CMS. First the design of small size prototypes and studies of their performance in high-rate particles flux is presented. Then the proposed designs for large size chambers and their fast-timing electronic readout are examined and preliminary results are provided.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, Conference proceeding for the 2016 Resistive Plate Chambers and Related Detector

A macro-modelling approach for arches strengthened with externally bonded inorganic matrix composites

The use of externally bonded inorganic matrix composites is becoming a common technique for strengthening arches and vaults to improve the load-carrying capacity with respect to both static and seismic loads. Experimental evidence has shown a complex behaviour where failure may occur within the reinforcement matrix, with a strong coupling between pure opening mode (mode I) and shear mode (mode II), as a consequence of the curvature of the substrate. Aiming at providing a tool for simulating the structural behavior of masonry arches reinforced with inorganic matrix composites, a discrete macro-modeling approach is proposed in which the reinforcement is described by means of piecewise rigid plates, which interact with the masonry through zero-thickness nonlinear interfaces. A refined bond constitutive law, specifically conceived to account for both the cohesive and the frictional contributions, as well as the coupling between mode I and mode II, in terms of strength and softening behavior, is proposed and implemented in a macro-elements model. The proposed model is then validated through comparison with analytical predictions and experimental direct shear tests performed with straight and curved substrates. Eventually, the model is used to reproduce the behaviour of a barrel vault strengthened with steel reinforced grout and tested up to failure

Macro-modelling approach for assessment of out-of-plane behavior of brick masonry infill walls

revised manuscriptThis paper deals with the numerical simulation of two solutions of brick infill walls developed at University of Minho under out-of-plane loading. The new solution of brick infills intend to represent an enhancement of the seismic performance of this constructive element. The numerical simulation is based on an innovative discrete macro-modelling strategy proposed by Caliò et al. (2014). This method is based on a hybrid approach by which the frame is modelled using concentrated plasticity beam-column elements, whereas the non-linear behaviour of masonry infill is modelled by means of a 3D discrete macro-element. The main goals of this work are: (1) calibrate a numerical model based on the experimental results of the out-of-plane tests on two types of brick masonry infill walls; (2) assess the efficiency of the macro-modelling approach by comparing the numerical results; (3) assess the main influencing material and geometric parameters in the out-of-plane behavior of brick infill walls. The results of the numerical simulation enabled to assess the good performance of the macro-modelling approach in simulating the seismic response of brick infill walls and predicting the failure mechanisms. In addition, it was possible to identify the main influencing parameters in the out-of-plane behavior of brick infill walls.European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 606229 (INSYSME - Innovative systems for earthquake resistant masonry enclosures in rc buildings). This work was also supported by FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology), within ISISE research center, project UID/ECI/04029/201

Papiro di Artemidoro

Sintesi delle ricerche (e delle diverse impotesi formulate9 sul papiro di Artemidoro