Threshold of microvascular occlusion: injury size defines the thrombosis scenario

Damage to the blood vessel triggers formation of a hemostatic plug, which is meant to prevent bleeding, yet the same phenomenon may result in a total blockade of a blood vessel by a thrombus, causing severe medical conditions. Here, we show that the physical interplay between platelet adhesion and hemodynamics in a microchannel manifests in a critical threshold behavior of a growing thrombus. Depending on the size of injury, two distinct dynamic pathways of thrombosis were found: the formation of a nonocclusive plug, if injury length does not exceed the critical value, and the total occlusion of the vessel by the thrombus otherwise. We develop a mathematical model that demonstrates that switching between these regimes occurs as a result of a saddle-node bifurcation. Our study reveals the mechanism of self-regulation of thrombosis in blood microvessels and explains experimentally observed distinctions between thrombi of different physical etiology. This also can be useful for the design of platelet-aggregation-inspired engineering solutions.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures + Supplementary informatio

Transformation of the Concept of Administrative Liability in the Protection of the Rights, Legitimate Interests and Security of Citizens

This article discusses key areas of harmonization of administrative legislation and administrative responsibility between the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries. The most important issue in modern law is understanding that the uniform practical application of consistent administrative liability will enable the creation of a customs, tax, technological, and environmental space in the EAEU and BRICS. The author, on the basis of the findings of other researchers, gives an original definition of legal and administrative liability, which can be used in the harmonization of Russian legislation with the legislation of other BRICS and EAEU countries. The author also determines the regulation of the administrative process and the difference between administrative liability and other types of legal liability in accordance with modern Russian legislation

Main parameters of the 118Sn compound-state cascade gamma-decay

Main properties of the excited states of $^{118}$Sn manifesting themselves in cascade gamma-decay of its compound state were studied. As in other heavier nuclei studied earlier, qualitative interpretation of the totality of the observed properties of this nucleus is impossible without accounting for coexistence and interaction of quasi-particle and collective nuclear excitations and their considerable influence on the main parameters of the process under study.Comment: 9 pages including 4 figures and 1 tabl

Recommendation for the protection of planting material in forest nurseries from the most common diseases

46 Belarusian forest nurseries were examined using up-to-date methods of molecular genetic analy-sis. The study showed that genetic characteristics of phytopathogenic microorgan isms detected on seed-lings and saplings changed significantly last years. Our research has established that forest nurseries are not only affected by typical phytopathogens, such as fungi of the genera Fusarium, Alternaria and Cladosporium . But also some new species, fo r instance fungi of the genera Phoma , Epicoccum and etc. were detected. Based on the study of modern species composition and biology of phytopathogens, the conditions for a local epiphytotic appearance and in the accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of forestry of the Republic of Belarus “Recommendations for preventing of the most common diseases of plant material in forest nurseries” were developed. The document contains the main determi-nant seedlings and saplings diseases based on visual features, the species com position of pathogens, de-scription of the main symptoms, conditions conducive for the development of plant pathogens, as well as a set of preventive and protective measures. The recommendations for timely identification of plant disease, collection, transportation, temporary storag e and transportation of samples for laboratory diag-nosis in the case of the presence of atypical symptoms are also shown in this document

Diseases of container-grown conifers in the nurseries of Mogilev area according to molecular phytopathological survey

A molecular phytopathological survey of diseased container-grown conifers in the nurseries of Mogilev SFPA were carried out. In plant tissues was detected genetic material of pathogenic fungi, endophytic and saprophytic (non-pathogenic) microf lora. The samples studied were characterized by polyinfection and contain a high titer of pathogens. Molecular-genetic diagnostic methods used for iden-tified causative agents of dominant diseases of contai ner-grown pine, fir and larc h seedlings. It was estab-lished that the predominant disease of one-year seedlings is Cladosporium blight, caused by fungi complex with the dominance of a new species of the genus Cladosporium . Cladosporium blight was ob-served in 60% of the surveyed nurseries, the occurrence of its agents in the affected plant material ranged 50−70%. The disease accompanied by causative agents of Rhizoctonia root rot and Gray mold that registered with the 12% nurseries. Their occurrence in the affected plant material does not exceed 25%. In 37% of the surveyed nurseries two-year seedlings were struck by Phoma blight. Occurrence of its agents in the affected plant material ranged 40 −60%. In single forestries along with Phoma blight detected Cytospora stem canker, Epicoccum needle necrosis and Gray mold (50%, 40% and 15%, respectively)

Анализ возможных путей снижения содержания серы в чугуне

One of the ways to increase the energy efficiency and intensity of blast furnace smelting, especially when using pulverized coal fuel, is to increase the hot strength of coke. In the conditions of OJSC NLMK, an oil additive was introduced into the coal charge to improve the coke quality. At the same time, sulfur content in the coke increases, and, consequently, sulfur content in the cast iron increases as well. In this regard, the task of finding ways to improve the desulfurization of cast iron in blast furnace becomes urgent. The main factors determining the desulfurization of cast iron are slag basicity, content of MgO oxide in it, temperature of the smelting products, and the slag viscosity. The purpose of this work was to compare the efficiency of sulfur removal by increasing the slag basicity and MgO content. On the basis of well-known equations, an algorithm was developed that allows the problem to be solved. It was established that an increase in MgO content in the slag promotes desulfurization of cast iron to a greater extent than a basicity increase. In addition, an increase in MgO content by 1 % is accompanied by an increase in slag yield by 3.0 – 3.5 kg/t of cast iron. At the same time, an increase in basicity by 0.01 leads to an increase in the slag yield by 4 – 5 kg/t of pig iron. Consequently, reducing the sulfur content in pig iron by increasing the slag basicity requires less heat. In terms of the specific consumption of coke, difference in heat demand is 0.4 – 0.5 kg/t of pig iron. It is shown that with an increase in MgO content in the slag, the slag viscosity at a temperature of 1450 °C increases to a lesser extent than with an increase in basicity. © 2020 National University of Science and Technology MISIS. All rights reserved

МОДУЛЬНЫЙ ГИБРИДНЫЙ МЕМЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АЛГОРИТМ ПОИСКА УСЛОВНОГО ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ЭКСТРЕМУМА ФУНКЦИЙ МНОГИХ ПЕРЕМЕННЫХ

This paper presents a hybrid memetic algorithm for finding a conditional global extremum of functions. The algorithm combines such characteristics as modularity and adaptability which provides flexibility and controllability of the algorithm and reduces the influence of parameters. On the basis of the proposed algorithm the software complex is formed in the C# language. The method effectiveness is demonstrated on several well-known model examples of finding a conditional global extremum for functions of several variables.В работе предложен гибридный меметический алгоритм поиска условного глобального экстремума функций. Данный алгоритм сочетает в себе свойства модульности и адаптивности, что обеспечивает алгоритму гибкость, настраиваемость и позволяет уменьшить степень влияния параметров. На основе предложенного алгоритма реализован комплекс программ на языке C#. Его эффективность продемонстрирована на широко распространенных тестовых задачах поиска глобального условного экстремума функций многих переменных

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ГИБРИДНОГО МЕМЕТИЧЕСКОГО АЛГОРИТМА В ЗАДАЧАХ ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫМИ СТОХАСТИЧЕСКИМИ СИСТЕМАМИ С НЕПОЛНОЙ ОБРАТНОЙ СВЯЗЬЮ

The application of hybrid memetic algorithm of global constrained optimization in the search optimal control of nonlinear stochastic systems problem is researched in the paper. The suggested approach is based on control parametrization, which gives an opportunity to reduce the search optimal control problem to nonlinear programming problem. The global optimization memetic algorithm is suggested to solve the nonlinear programming problem. The term "memetic algorithms" is wildly used to denote method, which is based on evolutional, cultural-evolutional or another approach, that uses notions like population and individual learning process or other local improvement procedure to determine global extremum. In the developed algorithm the cultural evolution component is implemented by means of the solution of sub-task optimization using ant colony method or simulated annealing algorithm. Herewith mems (unit of cultural information) are used to generate perfect individual. Several alternative forms of parametrization are considered: in the form of expansion by Legendre polynomials system and in the form of cosine-waves. The efficiency of the proposed algorithms was analyzed by means of created software complex. The problem of damping rotational satellite motion by means of installed engine was solved as the example. Verification of obtained results using the solution detected with local variations method was done. The described results show the sufficient efficiency level and reflect the necessity of further research in this direction. В работе исследуется применение гибридного меметического алгоритма глобальной условной оптимизации в задаче поиска оптимального управления нелинейными стохастическими системами. Предлагаемый подход основывается на параметризации искомого управления, что позволяет свести задачу поиска оптимального управления к задаче нелинейного программирования. Решение последней предлагается искать с помощью метаэвристического алгоритма глобальной оптимизации – меметического алгоритма. Термин меметические алгоритмы широко используется в качестве обозначения взаимодействия эволюционного, культурно-эволюционного или другого подхода, основанного на понятии популяции, и индивидуального обучения особей либо другой локальной процедуры улучшения для решения задач поиска глобального экстремума. В разработанном алгоритме культурная эволюционная составляющая реализуется в ходе решения подзадачи оптимизации любым из двух методов: с помощью метода муравьиных колоний или метода имитации отжига. При этом в ходе культурной эволюции мемы (единицы передачи культурной информации) используются для генерации более совершенной (в терминах решаемой задачи – более эффективной) особи. В данном исследовании рассматривается несколько альтернативных способов параметризации управления: в виде разложения по системе полиномов Лежандра и косинусоид. Эффективность предложенных алгоритмов исследована с помощью созданного комплекса программ. В качестве тестового примера использована задача гашения вращательного движения спутника с помощью установленных на нем двигателей. О корректности решений, полученных с помощью предложенного подхода, можно судить путем сравнения с решением, найденным с помощью метода локальных вариаций. Полученные данные позволяют говорить о достаточной эффективности предложенного подхода.