Роль законодавства та державної політики в мінімізації впливу загроз екологічній безпеці в галузі автомобільного транспорту

The role of legislation and state policy in minimizing the impact of threats to environmental safety in the field of automobile transport has been studied. The main directions of the development of state policy and legislation in the field of reducing the negative impact of motor vehicles on the environment and public health have been defined. The main problems of reducing the negative impact of motor vehicles on the environment and public health, as well as the development of state and legal mechanisms to overcome them have been determined. The main environmental problems faced by governments are the use of internal combustion engines and fuel quality indicators. Many EU countries are refusing to further impose more strict requirements on the operation of motor fuel engines, instead introducing mechanisms to completely abandon such vehicle propulsion systems. However, such a refusal raises another problem of greening of road transport – the problem of electrification of transport, in the process of which it is necessary to solve the problems of transport energy and disposal of used batteries of electric vehicles. The authors have emphasized on inexpediency that to be limited in the long run only to mechanisms for setting more strict emission requirements for cars. The authors have indicated the need for a comprehensive approach to solving environmental problems to prevent the emergence of new significant difficulties – the accumulation of used batteries of electric cars, the depletion of non-renewable resources for their manufacture, etc. It has been offered to join Ukraine to the pan-European initiative of electrification of road transport, to develop the state program for the transformation of the motor transport industry with clear deadlines for the introduction of restrictions on the use of internal combustion engines, to introduce mechanisms to financially stimulate the transition from internal combustion engines to electric combustion engines.Досліджено практику державної політики та застосування законодавства в Україні та країнах Європейського Союзу в запровадженні вимог охорони довкілля від забруднення в галузі автомобільного транспорту, виявлено основні сучасні проблеми та виклики екологічній безпеці у сфері експлуатації автомобільного транспорту і трансформації транспортної галузі, запропоновано рекомендації щодо вдосконалення державної політики країн стосовно встановлення законодавчих вимог до автомобільних транспортних засобів

Финансы в России и мире: концептуальные аспекты

The modern digital economy requires “new finance”. The subject of the study is to clarify their content, and the goal is to develop the author’s view of the term of “finance”. The relevance of the topic is dictated by the need to analyze complex theoretical questions of technological transformation of financial markets and activities of financial intermediaries. The scientific novelty consists of the theoretical contribution of the theory of finance evolution in the digital era. The main research methods are systemic and logical approaches, the method of theoretical cognition, the historical method and the method of scientific abstraction. The results of the study are clarification the essence of finance and applied issues of their use in Russia and abroad. It will contribute to the development of a scientific doctrine of digital assets circulation; will allow to refine the model of the activities of financial intermediaries’ regulation in our country and lay the foundation for the formation of global norms and rules for the development of national and international financial markets of the CIS, the EAEU, the SCO, and BRICS countries. The conclusions of the study are: a) confirmation of the author’s position on the essence of finance. The paper indicates that, in the context of the economy’s digital revolution, the substance of economic categories stays constant, although their forms vary according to innovation, behavioral characteristics, and other factors; b) without rejecting the rational knowledge formed in the Western scientific school, the authors emphasize that the social sciences cannot be global, they have a national character; c) based on the investigation, the author defines “finance” as a distribution category in the development and utilization of financial resources.Современная цифровая экономика требует «новых финансов». Предметом исследования является выяснение их содержания, а целью — разработка авторской позиции толкования дефиниции «финансы». Актуальность темы продиктована необходимостью исследовать сложные теоретические вопросы технологической трансформации финансовых рынков и деятельности финансовых посредников. Научная новизна состоит в обосновании эволюции теории финансов в цифровую эпоху. Основными методами исследования являются системный, логический, теоретического познания, исторический и  научной абстракции. Результаты исследования включают выяснение сущности и прикладных вопросов использования финансов в России и за рубежом, что, по мнению авторов, будет способствовать развитию научной доктрины обращения цифровых активов; позволит скорректировать модель регулирования деятельности финансовых посредников в нашей стране и заложить основу формирования наднациональных норм и  правил развития национальных и  международных финансовых рынков стран СНГ, ЕАЭС, ШОС, БРИКС. Выводы исследования включают: а) обоснование авторской позиции о сущности финансов. В статье подчеркивается, что в условиях цифровой трансформации экономики сущность экономических категорий остается неизменной, в то время как их формы видоизменяются под влиянием инноваций, поведенческих аспектов и других факторов; б) не отвергая рациональное знание, сформировавшееся в западной научной школе, авторы подчеркивают, что общественные науки не могут быть глобальными, они имеют национальный характер; в) на основе проведенного анализа дано авторское определение дефиниции «финансы» как распределительной категории в процессе формирования и использования финансовых ресурсов

ARRANGEMENT OF HIGH-TECH CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE ORGAN OF VISION AT THE EXAMPLE OF CHELYABINSK REGION

The articles raises the issues that occur in the course of diagnostics of malignant neoplasms of the organ of vision. Description of structural units and personnel of the formed oncological ophthalmology center is provided. Research, therapeutic, and diagnostic activities of each structural unit of the center is described. Characteristics of the ultrasonic and computed tomography method of examination are provided. Peculiarities of the ultrasonic and computed tomography examination results are described regarding patients with malignant neoplasms of the organ of vision of the periorbital, intraocular, and orbital localization. Results of reorganization of the oncological ophthalmology service are assessed (detailed description of management of patients with malignant neoplasms of the organ of vision at different stages before and after formation of the specialized oncological ophthalmology center is provided with illustrative diagrams that demostrate the need for integration of ophthalmic services in oncology, scientifically grounded and statistically proven results of quality of specialized care at the prehospital and the hospital stage, as well as changes in the structure of stages of patients with malignant neoplasms of the organ of vision). The feasibility of creation of specialized oncological ophthalmology centers is justified on the basis of the results received

Brachytherapy in organ-preserving treatment of choroidal melanoma: complications and the possibility of their prediction

This review analyzed the domestic and foreign literature on brachytherapy of choroidal melanoma using ruthenium ophthalmic applicators. The review highlights the historical aspects of radiation treatment, from the first experience of using ionizing radiation in the treatment of malignant neoplasms to modern methods of brachytherapy; presents the radiobiological foundations of radiation therapy; considers the issues of radiation pathomorphosis, reflecting the nature of pathological changes in the choroidal melanoma tissue during brachytherapy; shows the dependence of the effect of exposure ionizing radiation from the phase of the cycle of cell division; and also describes the presence of changes characteristic of the response to ionizing radiation in unirradiated tissues. The analysis of various post-radiation complications, both early and late, was carried out in some detail, with emphasis on the possibility of predicting and preventing them in real clinical practice. A comparison is made in terms of the frequency of development of various post-radiation complications in the works of domestic and foreign authors, as well as a comparison with the effect of ionizing radiation from other radioactive isotopes. Recommendations of experts are given regarding the correct calculation of the dose to the sclera and medication support, based on many years of experience in the use of ruthenium ophthalmic applicators for brachytherapy of choroidal melanoma. The risks of developing such late complications as radiation maculopathy and radiation neuropathy have been demonstrated, especially in pre-equatorial tumor localization. The possibilities of modern methods of instrumental diagnostics for studying the processes occurring in the area of the tumor, as well as changes in the surrounding tissues, are shown, which determines the feasibility and importance of further study of this issue

The problem of anthelminthic resistance in horse breeding

The purpose of the research is to outline the growing problem of anthelmintic resistance of horse nematodes in the world, to describe the methods currently used to detect it, and the proposed ways to overcome it.Materials and methods. A review of the world literature on the resistance of horse nematodes to anthelmintic drugs is carried out.Results and discussion. Currently, veterinary parasitology is faced with the growing problem of the emergence of resistant races of helminths, against which previously tested anthelmintic drugs in recommended doses are ineffective. This phenomenon has been noted in many animal species and manifests itself in relation to many drugs of the main groups of anthelmintics. This is evidenced by numerous reports. In horse breeding, benzimidazoles have been used for over 40 years, leading to widespread resistance to them in intestinal nematodes. There is a loss or weakening of the effectiveness of treatment of nematodes of horses with anthelmintic drugs: thiabendazole, pyrantel pamoat, drugs from the benzimidazole groups and macrocyclic lactones. There is no doubt that a similar situation of the spread of resistant races of helminths is also typical for Russia, since here the same anthelmintic drugs are used for treatment as abroad. However, this problem in our country remains practically unexplored. In this situation, the uncontrolled use of anthelmintics, which does not take into account the possibility of resistance to them, inevitably leads (and possibly in some cases has already led) to the emergence and spread of resistant populations of helminths, against which existing drugs will be ineffective

Lithologic-facies and paleogeographic features of Mid-Upper Jurassic oil-gas bearing sediments in Nurolsk depression (Western Siberia)

Bathonian-Callovian-Oxfordian sedimentation environment reconstruction in SE Nurolsk depression, Western Siberia has been described. Paleogeographic and litho-geochemical features of sediments, numerous plant remains and ichnofossils indicated the fact that this territory during the Naunaksk suite formation was the transition in-situ sedimentogenesis. Based on the integrated research data, the potential litho-facies were identified in the Mid-Upper sediments within Nurolsk depression, Western Siberia

Вызовы фондовых рынков Евразийского экономического союза: аналитический подход

Strengthening cooperation of the Eurasian Economic Union member-countries is the best solution to mitigate trade wars, unfair competition and worsening of international economic relations. The article reveals the significant correlation of the stock indices based on the analysis of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) stock markets. The objective of the article is to introduce recommendations aimed at optimising cooperation of EAEU member-states and expanding their interaction in the financial sphere. Bloomberg data for 2000-2017 together with Excel tools have been used which allowed to prove the hypothesis of interdependence between the most developed stock markets: Moscow and Kazakhstan. The graphical analysis of the research has showed that a correlation between the indicators of these stock trading floors appeared in 2008, when the effects of the global financial and economic crisis were being overcome. There was no interdependence between the indices of the Moscow and Kazakhstan marketplaces until 2007. The research has showed that the EAEU stock market indices depend significantly on the production of raw materials and commodity prices. In the conditions of the financial relations development, the EAEU has proposed to use the world experience of strengthening the economic cooperation of European countries and their methods to overcome the crisis phenomena of the 1950s. The EAEU has to harmonize financial policies and financial relations, simplify entrepreneur access to lending, improve tax breaks for exporters of manufactured goods and grant subsidies to new sectors of the economy. The European experience can help the EAEU to overcome difficulties and solve cooperation problems.Укрепление сотрудничества стран Евразийского экономического союза — лучшее решение для смягчения последствий торговых войн, недобросовестной конкуренции и ухудшения международных экономических отношений. В статье представлены результаты анализа индексов фондовых рынков Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС), на базе которых выявлена их значительная корреляция. Цель статьи — разработка рекомендаций, направленных на оптимизацию сотрудничества стран — членов ЕАЭС и расширение взаимодействия сторон в финансовой сфере. Использованы данные Bloomberg за период 2000–2017 гг. и технология Excel, что позволило на базе публикуемых индексов торговых площадок ЕАЭС подтвердить гипотезу о взаимозависимости наиболее развитых фондовых рынков: московского и казахстанского. Графический анализ исследования показал, что корреляция показателей указанных торговых площадок возникла в 2008 г. —  в период преодоления последствий глобального финансово-экономического кризиса. До 2007 г. взаимозависимости индексов московской и казахстанской торговых площадок не наблюдалось. Проведенное исследование показало, что индексы фондовых рынков ЕАЭС в значительной степени зависят от производства сырья и цен на сырьевые товары. В условиях развития финансовых отношений ЕАЭС предложено использовать мировой опыт укрепления экономического сотрудничества европейских стран и методы преодоления ими кризисных явлений 50-х гг. ХХ в. ЕАЭС необходима гармонизация финансовой политики и финансовых отношений, упрощение доступа предпринимателей к кредитованию, совершенствование налоговых льгот экспортерам промышленных товаров и порядка предоставления субсидий новым отраслям экономики. Использование европейского опыта в ЕАЭС может способствовать преодолению проблем и решению задач сотрудничества

To the question of perfection of legislation about access to information

Панова, И. В. К вопросу совершенствования законодательства о доступе к информации / И. В. Панова // Проблемы правоохранительной деятельности. - 2012. - Вып. 2. - С. 77-81.Проведено исследование научных взглядов на проблемы законодательного обеспечения информационных правоотношений и предложены пути совершенствования законодательства о доступе к информации.Research of scientific looks is executed to the problems of the legislative providing of informative legal relationships and the ways of perfection of legislation are offered about access to information.Проведено дослідження наукових поглядів на проблему законодавчого забезпечення інформаційних правовідносин та запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення законодавства про доступ до інформації

USE OF ROSUVASTATIN AS A GEROPROTECTOR IN PEOPLE ENGAGED IN NATURAL GAS PRODUCING

Background. Prolong contact with manufacturing factors of gas producing, in particular hydrogen sulfide, results in dysfunction of various organs and systems, including immune system, which is involved in regulation of the aging process activity. Absence of effective geropreventive means creates the need for pathogenetic way for aging process deceleration. Aim. To study the geroprotective properties of rosuvastatin in respect of people engaged in the gas producing. Material and Methods. The male workers (n=100) of the company “Gazprom dobycha Astrakhan” were examined. Evaluation of biological age by the method of Chebotarev D.F ., determination of p53 protein and interleukin-8, 10, 18 concentrations by solid phase enzyme immunoassay were performed before treatment start and after 18 months of rosuvastatin taking. Results. Rosuvastatin therapy in dose of 5 mg/day resulted in the reduction in atherogenic lipids, pro-inflammatory cytokine - interleukin-8 and marker of apoptosis - protein p53 as well as aging rate slowdown. Conclusion. Pathogenic method of geroprevention with rosuvastatin 5 mg/day was proposed for people engaged in gas producing

THE EFFECT OF THE "SHADING EFFECT" ON THE MACRO PARAMETERS OF THE ROTATING GAS

The steady-state azimuthal motion of the rarefied gas in an annular gap between two coaxial infinite cylinders is modeling. One of cylinders is motionless, and the other one rotates rapidly. The influence of the discontinuity of the distribution function on the temperature field in the space between the cylinders is investigated.В работе моделируется установившееся азимутальное движение разреженного газа в кольцевом зазоре между двумя коаксиальными бесконечными цилиндрами, один из которых неподвижен, а другой быстро вращается. Исследовано влияние разрывности функции распределения на поле температуры в пространстве между цилиндрами