Основні напрями розвитку світової єврейської релігійної думки: історіографія 2000-х років

Стаття Козерода Олега Віталійовича є першим комплексним дослідженням історії та розвитку сучасної історіографії єврейської думки, яка містить найбільш важливу інформацію щодо видань періоду 2000-х років, присвячених цій проблемі. До статті увійшов аналіз найбільш цікавої англомовної літератури щодо проблем єврейської релігійної та світської думки. У підсумку сформульовані основні висновки щодо характерних рис та досягнень дослідження єврейської думки в період 2000-х років. Ключові слова: єврейська, філософія, історіографія, думка.Статья Козерода Олега Витальевича является первым комплексным исследованием, посвященным современной историографии истории и развития еврейской мысли. Статья содержит анализ различных аспектов исследования еврейской мысли в 2000-х годах в современной англоязычной историографии. Исследуются наиболее известные работы по проблемам еврейской религиозной и светской мысли. В результате сформулированы выводы, касающиеся основных направлений дальнейшего развития еврейской мысли в современный исторический период.Article of Kozerod Oleg Vitalievich is the comprehensive research of the History and Development of Historiography of 2000 of Jewish Thought, considered the most important facts about new books about Jewish Thought. It also includes analysis of the most impotent literature of 2000 about Jewish Philosophy of English-Speaking World. As a result there are conclusion are formulated on the basic problems of Development of Historiography of 2000 of Jewish Thought. Keywords: Jewish, Philosophy, Historiography, Thought

EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF THE HORIZONTAL-TO-VERTICAL SPECTRAL RATIO TECHNIQUE: RESULTS FROM THE “SESAME” PROJECT

In order to empirically evaluate the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio technique, ambient noise measurements performed in about two hundred sites mainly in Europe where weak or/and strong motion data was recorded. Standard Information Sheets (SIS) and earthquake information data were included in the SESAME [Site EffectS assessment using AMbient Excitations] project database, specially designed to facilitate data selection. All noise recordings were processed with JSESAME software to calculate (H/V) spectral ratio, whereas weak and strong motion earthquake recordings were processed with a similarly standardized procedure. For the latter, (H/V) receiver function for all sites were calculated. Experimental site transfer functions obtained from earthquake recordings were compared with the (H/V) spectral ratios from noise recordings in terms of fundamental frequency, amplification bandwidth and amplification level. Similarities and differences between (H/V) spectral ratio of noise and earthquake recordings are presented and discussed. In addition, a dense grid of noise measurements were performed within urban environment of cities affected by strong earthquake (Greece: Thessaloniki, Kalamata, Italy: Palermo). It seems that the (H/V) spectral ratio may satisfactorily indicate areas favorable to the occurrence of higher damage in urban environment. However, quantitative correlation between (H/V) spectral ratio properties and damage distribution (macroseismic intensity, damage grades) in some cases, is difficult to be established given the complexity of parameters involved

Ambient noise measurements and correlation with seismic damage distribution in the city of Thessaloniki (North Greece)

In the last several decades destructive earthquakes (e.g. Northridge-USA 1994, Kobe-Japan 1995, Athens-Greece 1999) occurred close to populated areas showed that site effects can play an important role to the resulting damage. The evaluation of site effects is then one of the key parameters in microzonation studies. Local site effects may be evaluated by empirical (based on recordings of earthquakes or explosions) or theoretical methods (numerical simulation of the site response based on detailed geotechnical and geophysical parameters). The main disadvantage of these methods is the high cost and the time consumed for obtaining the earthquake recordings or geophysical and geotechnical properties. The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio technique applied on ambient noise measurements (Nogoshi & Igarashi, 1971; Nakamura, 1989, 2000) (which hereafter is referred to as HVSR technique) has been used as an alternative method to characterize site response in urban environment. Although the seismological community generally agrees that the HVSR technique gives reliable results in terms of the fundamental frequency of a site, the reliability and applicability of the HVSR results are still in debate. For that reason, the present study attempts to understand better the use of the HVSR technique in microzonation studies. Ambient noise measurements were conducted in the city of Thessaloniki (Northern Greece) for examining the limitations of the HVSR technique for cities of similar location and geological setting. In the first chapter a short description of the main historical periods in the use of ambient noise is attempted. Then, the ambient noise studies that were carried out in Greece and especially in the city of Thessaloniki are mentioned. Lastly, the geological and seismological settings of the broader Thessaloniki area are described. The second chapter deals with the analysis of the Horizontal-to-Vertical technique as is proposed by Nogoshi – Igarashi (1971) and Nakamura (1989, 1996, 2000). The method of acquiring and analysing experimental data is described (SESAME project: Deliverable D23.12, 2004). Finally, an analysis of the methods that are used in the theoretical simulations in the present study is made. In the third chapter the data that were used in the present study are presented. The fourth chapter includes the comparisons and the results found in the present study. In the fifth and last chapter, the main conclusions of the thesis are highlighted. Two appendixes are included at the end of the thesis. The first one contains the table with the information of each measurement point and in the second one the Horizontal-to- Vertical spectral ratios (H/V, NS/V, EW/V) of each measurement point are presented

Local Site Effects Investigation in Durres City (Albania) Using Ambient Noise, after the 26 November 2019 (M6.4) Destructive Earthquake

Site characterization of metropolitan areas, especially after an earthquake, is of paramount importance for interpretation of spatial damage distribution and taking measures that assure realistic design actions to strengthen existing constructions and create new ones. Such a case is the city of Durres, Albania, that was hit by the disastrous earthquake of 26 November 2019 (M6.4). Significant differences in structural damage were observed throughout the city, despite its uniform epicentral distance (approximately 15 km); this could be either due to varying vulnerability of the affected constructions and/or to spatial variation of strong ground motion in the city, resulting from local site effects; the latter factor was investigated in this study. This was achieved by taking single station ambient noise measurements throughout the city, at approximately 80 sites. Ambient noise measurements are favorable, as acquiring ambient noise data is an easy and effective noninvasive approach within urban environments. Measurements were processed using the widely applied Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method, following the SESAME project (2004) guidelines. Their fundamental and dominant frequencies, fo and fd, respectively, were calculated and related to the iso-depth contours of the investigated area, as well as their corresponding amplitudes, Ao, and Ad. These experimental parameters and the HVSR curves were used to group all examined sites into classes with similar properties. This clustering provided a zonation map with four categories consisting of similar shapes and amplitudes, applicable to the city of Durres. This map can be utilized as a first level zonation of local site effects for the city. In addition, dynamic properties of soil profiles in selected sites were investigated and tested using 1D synthetic ambient noise data, based on the Hisada (1994, 1995) simulation method, and compared to experimental HVSRs in proximity to the selected sites. A comparison of the proposed four categories zonation map to the observed damage of the 26 November 2019, mainshock is attempted and evaluated. The four categories zonation map with similar expected local site effects proposed in this study can be used as a first level seismic microzonation of Durres. Undoubtedly, corrections for 2D/3D effects on ground shaking must be applied to sites lying in the edges of the Durres basin

Local Site Effects Investigation in Durres City (Albania) Using Ambient Noise, after the 26 November 2019 (M6.4) Destructive Earthquake

Site characterization of metropolitan areas, especially after an earthquake, is of paramount importance for interpretation of spatial damage distribution and taking measures that assure realistic design actions to strengthen existing constructions and create new ones. Such a case is the city of Durres, Albania, that was hit by the disastrous earthquake of 26 November 2019 (M6.4). Significant differences in structural damage were observed throughout the city, despite its uniform epicentral distance (approximately 15 km); this could be either due to varying vulnerability of the affected constructions and/or to spatial variation of strong ground motion in the city, resulting from local site effects; the latter factor was investigated in this study. This was achieved by taking single station ambient noise measurements throughout the city, at approximately 80 sites. Ambient noise measurements are favorable, as acquiring ambient noise data is an easy and effective noninvasive approach within urban environments. Measurements were processed using the widely applied Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method, following the SESAME project (2004) guidelines. Their fundamental and dominant frequencies, fo and fd, respectively, were calculated and related to the iso-depth contours of the investigated area, as well as their corresponding amplitudes, Ao, and Ad. These experimental parameters and the HVSR curves were used to group all examined sites into classes with similar properties. This clustering provided a zonation map with four categories consisting of similar shapes and amplitudes, applicable to the city of Durres. This map can be utilized as a first level zonation of local site effects for the city. In addition, dynamic properties of soil profiles in selected sites were investigated and tested using 1D synthetic ambient noise data, based on the Hisada (1994, 1995) simulation method, and compared to experimental HVSRs in proximity to the selected sites. A comparison of the proposed four categories zonation map to the observed damage of the 26 November 2019, mainshock is attempted and evaluated. The four categories zonation map with similar expected local site effects proposed in this study can be used as a first level seismic microzonation of Durres. Undoubtedly, corrections for 2D/3D effects on ground shaking must be applied to sites lying in the edges of the Durres basin

Sesame Project - Deliverable D20-04 - WP04 H/V Technique : Empirical Evaluation - Comparisons of Damage Distribution in Modern Urban Areas with Results from (H/V) Spectral Ratio

In this Report comparisons of seismic damage distribution with the (H/V) spectral ratio results is attempted, under the framework of the SESAME Project (Site Effects Assessment Using Ambient Excitations, EC-RGD, Project No. EVG1-CT-2000-00026 SESAME), Task A (H/V technique), Work Package 04 (WP04– H/V Technique: Empirical Evaluation)

Sesame Project - Deliverable D04-04 - Report of the WP04 H/V Technique : Empirical Evaluation - Homogeneous Data Set of Noise and Earthquake Recordings at Many Sites

In this Report the homogeneous data set of earthquake and noise recordings at many sites that is generated under the framework of the SESAME Project (Site Effects Assessment Using Ambient Excitations, EC- RGD, Project No. EVG1-CT-2000-00026 SESAME), Task A (H/V technique), Work Package 04 (WP04– H/V Technique: Empirical Evaluation), is presented. Three main topics are included in the Report: (a) The Standard Information Sheet (SIS) structure, (b) The SESAME Ascii Format (SAF) files, and (c) The SESAME SIS-database. The SIS compiled in this sub-task and SAF format adopted for all data, constitute a homogeneous data set to be processed for further scientific results in the framework of the WP04. In addition, the SIS-database is going to facilitate data selection and management