Endothelial glycocalyx: Role in body fluid homeostasis and fluid management

Endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) coating the luminal surface of vascular endothelium plays an essential role in maintaining the normal fluid homeostasis of the body. This highly fragile layer can be damaged by a number of pathophysiological conditions and interventions. Disease state management should be directed to maintain EGL integrity to improve patient's outcome. When intravenous (IV) fluids are used, appropriate type, rate and amount of fluid should be determined by the pathophysiology of the condition and measures to maintain the integrity of the EGL. This review depicts the structure and function of the EGL, its alteration in common pathological states and the rationale of IV fluid management to preserve EGL in such conditions

Scalar field collapse and cosmic censorship

We analyze here the final fate of complete gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field within general relativity. A class of dynamical solutions with initial data close to the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) collapse model is explicitly given and the Einstein equations are integrated numerically in a neighborhood of the center. We show that the initial data space is evenly divided between the dynamical evolutions that terminate in a black hole final state and those that produce a locally naked singularity. We comment on the genericity aspects of the collapse end-states and the connection to cosmic censorship conjecture is pointed out.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

River Water Level Prediction Modelling using Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression

Nowadays, Prediction modelling has become one of the most popular research areas among researchers/scientists around the world. In this study, the size of the training data is about 60%, validation data and testing set is about 20% of the total available data. In this paper, we have developed and tested feed-forward neural network architectures optimized with Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation with transig activation function in hidden and output layers in predicting monthly river water elevation. Also, in this approach, the multiple linear regression equation to estimate monthly river water level was generated by using precipitation, discharge and return period as predictor variables. In this project, the results show the coefficient of determination (R2) between the predicted and actual output using both Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression model for the monthly peak, monthly average and monthly minimum of Brahmaputra, Pagladia and Puthimari River

Collapse and dispersal in massless scalar field models

The phenomena of collapse and dispersal for a massless scalar field has drawn considerable interest in recent years, mainly from a numerical perspective. We give here a sufficient condition for the dispersal to take place for a scalar field that initially begins with a collapse. It is shown that the change of the gradient of the scalar field from a timelike to a spacelike vector must be necessarily accompanied by the dispersal of the scalar field. This result holds independently of any symmetries of the spacetime. We demonstrate the result explicitly by means of an example, which is the scalar field solution given by Roberts. The implications of the result are discussed.Comment: revised version, Accepted for publication in Int. Journ. of Mod. Phys. D, 6 pages, 3 figure

Scalar field collapse and cosmic censorship

We analyze here the final fate of complete gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field within general relativity. A class of dynamical solutions with initial data close to the Friedmann-Lemaˆıtre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) collapse model is explicitly given and the Einstein equations are integrated numerically in a neighborhood of the center. We show that the initial data space is evenly divided between the dynamical evolutions that terminate in a black hole final state and those that produce a locally naked singularity. We comment on the genericity aspects of the collapse end-states and the connection to cosmic censorship conjecture is pointed out

A Comparative Strategy Using PI & Fuzzy Controller for Optimization of Power Quality Control

This paper explores the analytical study and simulation of fuzzy logic controller and PI controller, to control the dc output voltage of shunt active power filter for harmonic reduction and power quality improvement in case of nonlinear load. Here we have exercised an effort to design and evaluate a converter to compensate the harmonics for 1-phase AC to DC bridge rectifier which is working as the main converter in unregulated mode. The work depends on the scheme where an ancillary converter is linked in shunt with the main or primary converter whose turn on and turn off time is controlled by an appropriate controller (pi/fuzzy logic) for harmonic compensation of the primary converter which is working as nonlinear load. The Model of converter is proposed on MATLAB\SIMULINK Software and the results are analyzed satisfactorily.