UPAYA DINAS SOSIAL PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT DALAM MASA TANGGAP DARURAT BENCANA GEMPA BUMI 2018

Pada tahun 2018 telah terjadi gempa di Nusa Tenggara Barat gempa pertama terjadi tanggal 29 Juli 2018 pukul 06:47:38 WITA, dengan kekuatan 6.4 scala richter. Guncangan gempa bumi ini dirasakan di daerah Lombok Utara, Lombok Barat, Lombok Timur, Lombok Tengah, Sumbawa Barat, dan Sumbawa Besar. Gempa ini telah menghancurkan sebagian dari Lombok Utara dan Lombok Timur, khususnya di daerah sekitar lereng Gunung Rinjani. Gempa susulan terus berulang dan meluluh lantahkan berbagai fasilitas umum dan rumah penduduk, dan sekaligus menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar masyarakat. Penelitian kali ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya Dinas Sosial Provinsi NTB dalam Masa Tanggap Darurat Bencana Gempa Bumi Tahun 2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik sampling purposive sampling pada kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Dalam Negeri (KKDN). Informan yang ditunjuk sebagai sampel adalah Kepala Dinas Sosial Provinsi NTB. Kegiatan KKDN diselenggarakan oleh Prodi Manajemen Bencana Universitas Pertahanan secara daring (online) melalui aplikasi Zoom. Kegiatan KKDN diikuti oleh seluruh mahasiswa Prodi Manajemen Bencana sebanyak 26 orang dan juga diikuti oleh Kepala Prodi Manajemen Bencana beserta staf prodi Manajemen Bencana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan. Upaya Dinas Sosial pada masa tanggap darurat bencana gempa bumi 2018 yaitu, melaksanakan bantuan social seperti pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar (dengan fokus untuk dampak bencana temporer), melakukan perlindungan social, psikososial dan melakukan pemberdayaan sosial (berbentuk penguatan dan pengembangan dengan fokus untuk dampak bencana berkelanjutan)

Lesson Learned Dari Kecelakaan Reaktor Nuklir Fukushima Daiichi Untuk Meningkatkan Mitigasi Reaktor Serba Guna Gerrit Augustinus Siwabessy (RSG-GAS)

Indonesia dengan wilayah geografi yang relatif sama dengan Jepang dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh pergerakan lempeng tektonik menyebabkan Indonesia rawan terhadap gempa tektonik, terlebih Serpong Kota Tangerang Selatan lokasi Reaktor Serba Guna - G.A. Siwabessy (RSG-GAS) berada tercatat dalam buku Katalog Gempabumi Signifikan dan Merusak Tahun 1821-2018, sebagai wilayah berisiko terdampak gempa. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis upaya mitigasi yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi risiko ancaman bencana akibat kegagalan teknologi di RSG-GAS. Metode penelitian yang digunakan kualitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif eksploratif, mengeksplorasi fenomena baru dan mendeskripsikan sesuai pengamatan langsung dari data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan narasumber, dan data sekunder melalui studi dokumen milik narasumber dan studi pustaka. Validasi data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi dengan melakukan investigasi data dari berbagai sumber yang di analisis sesuai dengan kerangka penelitian. Tindakan mitigasi sudah dilakukan sebelum desain disusun, tepatnya pada penentuan calon tapak sampai pada saat ini tahap operasi. Pemutakhiran evaluasi tapak reaktor dilakukan pada aspek kejadian eksternal (aspek kegempaan, kegunungapian, geoteknik, meteorologi dan hidrologi, ulah manusia, serta dispersi zat radioaktif). Pemutakhiran evaluasi tapak dari aspek kejadian eksternal menjadi pertimbangan dalam desain RSG-GAS berbasis mitigasi, termasuk simulasi station balckout yang telah dilakukan di RSG-GAS, untuk mengetahui kapasitas dan kerentanan RSG-GAS terhadap bahaya eksternal yang terjadi seperti di Fukushima Daiichi. Peraturan Perundang-undangan terkait desain mempertimbangkan bahaya eksternal seperti gempabumi dan bahaya lainnya juga sudah diundangkan. Untuk memperkuat kapasitas pemerintah dan pemangku kepentingan perlu dilakukan revisi Peraturan Pemerintah untuk mengatur tanggung jawab dan kewenangannya dalam penanggulangan kedaruratan nuklir untuk menjamin keselamatan masyarakat guna tercipta keamanan nasional

Understanding Tsunami hazard knowledge and preparedness : before and after the 2010 Tsunami in Mentawai (Indonesia)

This thesis is about the people from the Mentawai Islands (in Indonesia) in the context of disaster risk reduction. It results from a curiosity to deeply explore the tsunami hazard knowledge existing before the 2010 Mentawai tsunami occurred, and current tsunami preparedness. It also provides theoretical frameworks and key research concepts in relation to the issues. In order to understand the picture of Mentawai in the past and the present, the thesis also includes how the tsunami vulnerability progression has been formed. The progression presents from the era of solitary lives of the people, the era of destroying the traditional beliefs and tools, and up to the current era when the people live in unsafe locations. In order to obtain a full picture of the topics, a qualitative case study was designed with the consideration of how to plot and to show a number of illuminating facts. The people’s reflections and perspectives on their tsunami hazard knowledge before the 2010 tsunami occurred and devastated the islands, and their current tsunami preparedness, were examined. There were a number of substantial facts showing how the research participants captured, shared, and internalized explicit knowledge on tsunami hazards into their tacit knowledge. These processes occurred with little support from the district government and local non-government organizations, and were further impacted by their low socio-economic and educational status. The processes of the knowledge internalization were obviously influenced by their traditional beliefs and personal perceptions. Thus, the implications of the internalization were also different when it came to anticipating tsunami waves. Subsequently, the 2010 tsunami also brought different impacts to the participants. In the context of current measures, tsunami preparedness is applied differently at various levels, even though the people have experienced the 2010 tsunami. At the individual level, the participants mostly ignore their own preparedness, although some of the participants have specific personal efficacy and protective behaviour to avoid tsunami waves. At the household level, some would most likely leave their household members to save themselves, while others would try to help their family members. At the sub-village (dusun) level, the people tend to abandon the evacuation processes. Meanwhile, at the district level, although some important documents exist for the district government to follow, tsunami preparedness measures are less prioritized. The last parts of the study are how the local community of Mentawai can increase their capacity to encounter potential tsunamis. In the absence of modern technologies, the community has a number of traditional strategies to anticipate hazards and various opportunities to reduce their vulnerability. Developing coping capacity is essential for the people through implementing community early warning systems. These systems will provide risk knowledge, strategies to monitor the surroundings, understandable warning communication, and qualified response capability in the event of a tsunami. For the longer term, the leaders and the community need to work hand in hand to create an adaptive mechanism for living in Mentawai. This will be achieved by utilizing and reutilizing their traditional tools and strategies, and taking any opportunity to improve their livelihoods, and consequently, their coping and adaptive capacities to deal with tsunamis

The concept of an early warning system for the use of nuclear technology in Indonesia

The application of nuclear power plants in the world is increasing and has the potential for accidents, including nuclear weapons tests from outside the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, thus allowing radioactive releases to fall into Indonesian territory, which is a potential threat. Indonesia also utilizes nuclear power in many fields, thus also potentially becoming a national threat. To prevent the threat of radiation potential requires a nuclear disaster Early Warning System (EWS) that can be accessed by the community. This research analysed the EWS that Indonesia needed, using qualitative methods by describing the results of research obtained from interviews and secondary data. Results and research discussions starting from observation and monitoring of radiation exposure, warning services, information dissemination, and supported by countermeasures for the effectiveness of the EWS. The results showed that the development of an integrated nuclear disaster EWS that is easily accessible to the community quickly and continuously under the development of an emergency is a strategy as a decision to reduce the risk of nuclear disaster. The development of the strategy requires a legal basis that regulates coordination between ministries/institutions, from planning to information dissemination to ensure the safety of the public and Indonesian people's security