Estudio sobre la práctica pedagógica centrada en la comunicación en aulas de sexto grado en Paraguay

El objetivo del trabajo es identificar modelos de enseñanza de comunicación dominantes en el sexto grado de la escuela paraguaya. El estudio es relevante porque aportará conocimientos que permitan una formulación más realista de políticas públicas en educación y estrategias para el mejoramiento de la enseñanza de lenguas en las escuelas en Paraguay.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Laboratorio Pedagógico Petrona Digital: Resultados del “Estudio comparativo de las prácticas pedagógicas de castellano en el 6to grado de instituciones educativas con alto y bajo logro académico( NIVEL 4 y 1 /SNEPE) en Paraguay” 2020-2021.

La presente versión, protocolos 2020-2021 (en tiempos de COVID-19), si bien es la cuarta adaptación, también es la primera edición para modalidad virtual y reúne las 3 fases: i) registro de clases sincrónicas en videos, ii) metodología de análisis, iii) soporte de retroalimentación pedagógica a los educadores. El análisis reporta los hallazgos de la interacción pedagógica entre estudiantes y docentes mediada por una plataforma e incluye un reporte de prácticas por modelo, en los aspectos: tecnológico, didáctico-disciplinar y socio-afectivo. El aspecto de familia y directivos se ha abordado de forma suplementaria al proceso de videoclases en la plataforma de recursos digitales; en tal sentido, el mismo se incluye como complemento de los aspectos principales observados en prácticas significativas por modelo.CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Paraguay, la práctica docente videograbada : Resultados del "Estudio sobre la práctica pedagógica centrada en la comunicación en aulas de sexto grado en Paraguay" 2016-2017

El estudio es relevante porque aportará conocimientos que permitan una formulación más realista de las políticas públicas en educación y estrategias para el mejoramiento de la enseñanza de lenguas en las escuelas en Paraguay.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Laboratorio Pedagógico Petrona Digital: "Interacción pedagógica a través de una plataforma digital"

Para el presente estudio la población es la totalidad de instituciones educativas que ofertan segundo ciclo de educación escolar básica, cuyos estudiantes estén usando algún Web App para dar clases de manera sincronizada apoyándose o empleando algunos de los recursos de la plataforma de recursos digitales “tu escuela en casa”. La muestra se clasificará según logro académico (Alto-bajo). Los registros de la interacción pedagógica correspondieron al área de comunicación castellano, 6to grado. De dicha población se realizó una categorización según los mencionados criterios y se estableció una muestra aleatoria, a nivel nacional, por departamentos y Asunción. Se obtuvo un total de 2480 instituciones que conformaron este marco muestral, de las cuales fueron seleccionadas 481 instituciones. El otro criterio determinante para indagar en el proceso de negociación con las escuelas/colegios fue el “Uso de plataformas para desarrollo de clases virtuales como TEAMS, ZOOM, MEET u otras”, ya que ello aseguraba la existencia de interacciones sincrónicas entre docentes y estudiantes, que es lo que este estudio se propuso observar.CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research