188 research outputs found
Learning Adversarial Semantic Embeddings for Zero-Shot Recognition in Open Worlds
Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) focuses on classifying samples of unseen classes
with only their side semantic information presented during training. It cannot
handle real-life, open-world scenarios where there are test samples of unknown
classes for which neither samples (e.g., images) nor their side semantic
information is known during training. Open-Set Recognition (OSR) is dedicated
to addressing the unknown class issue, but existing OSR methods are not
designed to model the semantic information of the unseen classes. To tackle
this combined ZSL and OSR problem, we consider the case of "Zero-Shot Open-Set
Recognition" (ZS-OSR), where a model is trained under the ZSL setting but it is
required to accurately classify samples from the unseen classes while being
able to reject samples from the unknown classes during inference. We perform
large experiments on combining existing state-of-the-art ZSL and OSR models for
the ZS-OSR task on four widely used datasets adapted from the ZSL task, and
reveal that ZS-OSR is a non-trivial task as the simply combined solutions
perform badly in distinguishing the unseen-class and unknown-class samples. We
further introduce a novel approach specifically designed for ZS-OSR, in which
our model learns to generate adversarial semantic embeddings of the unknown
classes to train an unknowns-informed ZS-OSR classifier. Extensive empirical
results show that our method 1) substantially outperforms the combined
solutions in detecting the unknown classes while retaining the classification
accuracy on the unseen classes and 2) achieves similar superiority under
generalized ZS-OSR settings
Silicon nitride metalenses for unpolarized high-NA visible imaging
As one of nanoscale planar structures, metasurface has shown excellent
superiorities on manipulating light intensity, phase and/or polarization with
specially designed nanoposts pattern. It allows to miniature a bulky optical
lens into the chip-size metalens with wavelength-order thickness, playing an
unprecedented role in visible imaging systems (e.g. ultrawide-angle lens and
telephoto). However, a CMOS-compatible metalens has yet to be achieved in the
visible region due to the limitation on material properties such as
transmission and compatibility. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a divergent
metalens based on silicon nitride platform with large numerical aperture
(NA~0.98) and high transmission (~0.8) for unpolarized visible light,
fabricated by a 695-nm-thick hexagonal silicon nitride array with a minimum
space of 42 nm between adjacent nanoposts. Nearly diffraction-limit virtual
focus spots are achieved within the visible region. Such metalens enables to
shrink objects into a micro-scale size field of view as small as a single-mode
fiber core. Furthermore, a macroscopic metalens with 1-cm-diameter is also
realized including over half billion nanoposts, showing a potential application
of wide viewing-angle functionality. Thanks to the high-transmission and
CMOS-compatibility of silicon nitride, our findings may open a new door for the
miniaturization of optical lenses in the fields of optical fibers,
microendoscopes, smart phones, aerial cameras, beam shaping, and other
integrated on-chip devices.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure
Photonic Localization of Interface Modes at the Boundary between Metal and Fibonacci Quasi-Periodic Structure
We investigated on the interface modes in a heterostructure consisting of a
semi-infinite metallic layer and a semi-infinite Fibonacci quasi-periodic
structure. Various properties of the interface modes, such as their spatial
localizations, self-similarities, and multifractal properties are studied. The
interface modes decay exponentially in different ways and the modes in the
lower stable gap possess highest spatial localization. A localization index is
introduced to understand the localization properties of the interface modes. We
found that the localization index of the interface modes in the upper stable
gap will converge to two slightly different constants according to the parity
of the Fibonacci generation. In addition, the localization-delocalization
transition is also found in the interface modes of the transient gap.Comment: 20 pages, 5figure
Breast cancer stage at diagnosis and area-based socioeconomic status: a multicenter 10-year retrospective clinical epidemiological study in China
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although socioeconomic status (SES) has been focused on as a key determinant of cancer stage at diagosis in western countries, there has been no systemic study on the relationship of SES and breast cancer stage at diagnosis in China.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The medical charts of 4,211 eligible breast cancer patients from 7 areas across China who were diagnosed between 1999 and 2008 were reviewed. Four area-based socioeconomic indicators were used to calculate area-based SES by cluster analysis. The associations between area-based SES and stage at diagnosis were analyzed by trend chi-square tests. Binary logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios for individual demographic characteristics' effects on cancer stages, stratified by area-based SES.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The individual demographic and pathologic characteristics of breast cancer cases were significantly different among the seven areas studied. More breast cancer cases in low SES areas (25.5%) were diagnosed later (stages III & IV) than those in high (20.4%) or highest (14.8%) SES areas (<it>χ</it><sup>2 </sup>for trend = 80.79, <it>P </it>< 0.001). When area-based SES is controlled for, in high SES areas, cases with less education were more likely to be diagnosed at later stages compared with more educated cases. In low SES areas, working women appeared to be diagnosed at earlier breast cancer stages than were homemakers (OR: 0.18-0.26).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In China, women in low SES areas are more likely to be diagnosed at later breast cancer stages than those in high SES areas.</p
A simulation study on the measurement of D0-D0bar mixing parameter y at BES-III
We established a method on measuring the \dzdzb mixing parameter for
BESIII experiment at the BEPCII collider. In this method, the doubly
tagged events, with one decays to
CP-eigenstates and the other decays semileptonically, are used to
reconstruct the signals. Since this analysis requires good separation,
a likelihood approach, which combines the , time of flight and the
electromagnetic shower detectors information, is used for particle
identification. We estimate the sensitivity of the measurement of to be
0.007 based on a fully simulated MC sample.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Distinct 'Immuno-Allertypes' of Disease and High Frequencies of Sensitisation in Non-Cystic-Fibrosis Bronchiectasis
Rationale: Allergic sensitization is associated with poor clinical outcomes in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis; however, its presence, frequency, and clinical significance in non–cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis remain unclear. Objectives: To determine the frequency and geographic variability that exists in a sensitization pattern to common and specific allergens, including house dust mite and fungi, and to correlate such patterns to airway immune-inflammatory status and clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis. Methods: Patients with bronchiectasis were recruited in Asia (Singapore and Malaysia) and the United Kingdom (Scotland) (n = 238), forming the Cohort of Asian and Matched European Bronchiectasis, which matched recruited patients on age, sex, and bronchiectasis severity. Specific IgE response against a range of common allergens was determined, combined with airway immune-inflammatory status and correlated to clinical outcomes. Clinically relevant patient clusters, based on sensitization pattern and airway immune profiles (“immunoallertypes”), were determined. Measurements and Main Results: A high frequency of sensitization to multiple allergens was detected in bronchiectasis, exceeding that in a comparator cohort with allergic rhinitis (n = 149). Sensitization was associated with poor clinical outcomes, including decreased pulmonary function and more severe disease. “Sensitized bronchiectasis” was classified into two immunoallertypes: one fungal driven and proinflammatory, the other house dust mite driven and chemokine dominant, with the former demonstrating poorer clinical outcome. Conclusions: Allergic sensitization occurs at high frequency in patients with bronchiectasis recruited from different global centers. Improving endophenotyping of sensitized bronchiectasis, a clinically significant state, and a “treatable trait” permits therapeutic intervention in appropriate patients, and may allow improved stratification in future bronchiectasis research and clinical trials.Ministry of Education (MOE)Ministry of Health (MOH)National Medical Research Council (NMRC)Published versionSupported by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council under its Transition Award NMRC/TA/0048/2016 (S.H.C.) and Changi General Hospital Research grant CHF2016.03-P (T.B.L.). The work performed at NUS was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund, SIgN, and National Medical Research Council grants N-154-000-038-001, R-154-000-404-112, R-154-000-553-112, R-154-000-565-112, R-154-000-630-112, R-154-000-A08-592, R-154-000-A27-597, SIgN-06-006, SIgN-08-020, and NMRC/1150/2008 (F.T.C.); J.D.C. is supported by the GSK/British Lung Foundation Chair of Respiratory Research
HBsAg Inhibits the Translocation of JTB into Mitochondria in HepG2 Cells and Potentially Plays a Role in HCC Progression
Background and Aims: The expression of the jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) gene is upregulated in malignant liver tissues; however, JTB is associated with unbalanced translocations in many other types of cancer that suppress JTB expression. No comprehensive analysis on its function in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been performed to date. We aimed to define the biological consequences for interaction between JTB and HBsAg in HCC cell lines. Methods: We employed the stable transfection to establish small HBsAg expressing HepG2 cell line, and stably silenced the JTB expression using short hairpin RNA in HepG2 cell line. The effects of JTB and small HBsAg in vitro were determined by assessing cell apoptosis and motility. Results: Silencing of JTB expression promoted cancer cell motility and reduced cell apoptosis, which was significantly enhanced by HBs expression. Expression of HBsAg inhibited the translocation of JTB to the mitochondria. Furthermore, silencing of the JTB resulted in an increase in the phosphorylation of p65 in HepG2 cells and HepG2-HBs cells, whereas HBsAg expression decreased the phosphorylation of p65. The silencing of JTB in HepG2-HBs cells conferred increased advantages in cell motility and anti-apoptosis. Conclusion: HBsAg inhibited the translocation of JTB to the mitochondria and decreased the phosphorylation of p65 through the interaction with JTB, After JTB knockdown, HBsAg exhibited a stronger potential to promote tumor progression. Our data suggested that JTB act as a tumor suppressor gene in regards to HBV infection and its activation might be applied as a therapeutic strategy for in control of HBV related HCC development.National Natural Science Foundation of China [30971362, 81072013]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China [2010111082]; Key Projects for Technology Plan of Fujian Province in China [2009D020]; Foundation of Health Bureau of Fujian in China [2007CXB8, 3502z20077046]; Foundation of Health Bureau of Xiamen in China [2007CXB8, 3502z20077046
A Nation-Wide multicenter 10-year (1999-2008) retrospective clinical epidemiological study of female breast cancer in china
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>According to the very limited cancer registry, incidence and mortality rates for female breast cancer in China are regarded to be increasing especially in the metropolitan areas. Representative data on the breast cancer profile of Chinese women and its time trend over years are relatively rare. The aims of the current study are to illustrate the breast cancer profile of Chinese women in time span and to explore the current treatment approaches to female breast cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This was a hospital-based nation-wide and multi-center retrospective study of female primary breast cancer cases. China was divided into 7 regions according to the geographic distribution; from each region, one tertiary hospital was selected. With the exception of January and February, one month was randomly selected to represent each year from year 1999 to 2008 at every hospital. All inpatient cases within the selected month were reviewed and related information was collected based on the designed case report form (CRF). The Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CICAMS) was the leading hospital in this study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Four-thousand two-hundred and eleven cases were randomly selected from the total pool of 45,200 patients and were included in the analysis. The mean age at diagnosis was 48.7 years (s.d. = 10.5 yrs) and breast cancer peaked in age group 40-49 yrs (38.6%). The most common subtype was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (86.5%). Clinical stage I & II accounted for 60.6% of 4,211 patients. Three-thousand five-hundred and thirty-four cases had estrogen receptor (ER) and progestin receptor (PR) tests, among them, 47.9% were positive for both. Two-thousand eight-hundred and forty-nine cases had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2) tests, 25.8% of them were HER-2 positive. Among all treatment options, surgery (96.9% (4,078/4,211)) was predominant, followed by chemotherapy (81.4% (3,428/4,211). Much less patients underwent radiotherapy (22.6% (952/4,211)) and endocrine therapy (38.0% (1,599/4,211)).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The younger age of breast cancer onset among Chinese women and more advanced tumor stages pose a great challenge. Adjuvant therapy, especially radiotherapy and endocrine therapy are of great unmet needs.</p
Tubeless video-assisted thoracic surgery for pulmonary ground-glass nodules: expert consensus and protocol (Guangzhou)
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