An analytical study of abnormal uterine bleeding in women of child bearing age group

Background: AUB (abnormal uterine bleeding) is defined as any variation from the normal menstrual cycle including alteration in its frequency, regularity of menses, duration of flow and amount of blood loss. In India, the reported prevalence of AUB is 17.9%. It can occur any time between menarche to menopause. A good clinician tries to recognize and identify the causative factors responsible for the disease, reverse the abnormality and induce or restore the cyclic predictable menses which should have normal volume and duration.Methods: 200 cases of AUB fitting the selection criteria were taken from OPD and gynecology ward between September 2020 to June 2021.Results: AUB was more common in the age group 41-45 years, that is, perimenopausal age group, more in multiparous women and women with previous surgeries on uterus and adnexa. Heavy menstrual bleeding was the most common complaint. Endometrial hyperplasia was the most common finding on ultrasound examination. Medical therapy was beneficial in some patients, rest had to undergo surgical intervention later.Conclusions: Transvaginal sonography is very accurate in assessing the endometrium as well as uterus and adnexa and diagnosing their abnormalities. Medical therapy is the first line of management in most cases. Dilatation and curettage should be used along with hysteroscopy for better results. LNG-IUS gives very good result in suitable cases. Hysterectomy is the final measure if everything else fails. Vaginal hysterectomy is preferred wherever possible

Measurements and ab initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the High Temperature Ferroelectric Transition in Hexagonal RMnO3

Measurements of the structure of hexagonal RMnO3 (R=rare earths (Ho) and Y) for temperatures significantly above the ferroelectric transition temperature (TFE) were conducted to determine the nature of the transition. The local and long range structural measurements were complemented by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. With respect to the Mn sites in YMnO3 and HoMnO3, we find no large atomic (bond distances or thermal factors), electronic structure changes or rehybridization on crossing TFE from local structural methods. The local symmetry about the Mn sites is preserved. With respect to the local structure about the Ho sites, a reduction of the average Ho-O bond with increased temperature is found. Ab initio molecular dynamics calculations on HoMnO3 reveal the detailed motions of all ions. Above ~900 K there are large displacements of the Ho, O3 and O4 ions along the z-axis which reduce the buckling of the MnO3/O4 planes. The changes result in O3/O4 ions moving to towards central points between pairs of Ho ions on the z-axis. These structural changes make the coordination of Ho sites more symmetric thus extinguishing the electric polarization. At significantly higher temperatures, rotation of the MnO5 polyhedra occurs without a significant change in electric polarization. The born effective charge tensor is found to be highly anisotropic at the O sites but does not change appreciably at high temperatures

preprints of 3. IFAC Symp. on Identification and System Parameters Estimation, Paper TM-2, 1973, Hague. 2 Peterka

disturbance. Here the reliance has been placed on its most plausible feature, namely its independence of input. This yields a set of assumptions in excess of the minimal requirement and an endeavor has been made to exploit this excess to reduce the sum of squares of estimation errors. developed operational matrix, the expansion coefficients of the shifted Legendre series which represents the approximate responses of transfer functions are computed by the recursive formula. The significance of the present research is that the present method is simple, straightforward and the computational results are accurate as well as the final time of the system can be adjustable without any restriction. Based on the model reduction technique, the design of a feedback control system to satisfy the prescribed specifications is studied by the proposed new algebraic method. Satisfactory examples are given to illustrate the method. References Properties of Shifted Legendre Functions The shifted Legendre function, P" (t) is related to the wellknown Legendre function P" ( T) by transforming the independent variable as T = 2(t/ Tj) -1. One of the properties of shifted Legendre polynomial functions is, 2(2« +1) Thus, the integration of P"(t) with respect to t can be ob- Introduction Model reduction has been receiving great attention in the field of process analysis and synthesis with the last twenty years. The purpose of model reduction is to provide a lower order model which is computationally simpler than the original higher order system. In this paper, an effective method of shifted Legendre functions is employed to approach the problems of model reduction. The operational matrix for the integration of the shifted Legendre polynomial vectors whose elements are shifted Legendre function are first developed. Using th

Relationship between genetic divergence and phenotypic stability in chickpea

In this investigation, by and large, genotypes included in the same cluster had identiea means but the linear responses were not the same. However, genotypes included in the same cluster had almost identical non-linear responses. Therefore, grouping of material into different clusters based on regression analysis was found to be reliable as that of Mahalanobis' D2 Statisti

Genetic divergence in chickpea

The grouping of genotypes from different ecogeographical areas in the same cluster confirmed that there is no parallelism between genetic diversity and geographical distribution. The pattern of clustering was highly influenced by environment and while making general statement on this aspect, the experimental conditions should be taken into consideration. To make worthwhile improvement in chickpea, 100-seed weight, pods per plant, flowering period and harvest index, in that order, should be taken into account. The clustering pattern of genotypes has revealed that Desi and Kabuli types are different from each other. Hence, crossing among these two types may provide more desirable segregant

Automated robot‐assisted surgical skill evaluation: Predictive analytics approach

BackgroundSurgical skill assessment has predominantly been a subjective task. Recently, technological advances such as robot‐assisted surgery have created great opportunities for objective surgical evaluation. In this paper, we introduce a predictive framework for objective skill assessment based on movement trajectory data. Our aim is to build a classification framework to automatically evaluate the performance of surgeons with different levels of expertise.MethodsEight global movement features are extracted from movement trajectory data captured by a da Vinci robot for surgeons with two levels of expertise – novice and expert. Three classification methods – k‐nearest neighbours, logistic regression and support vector machines – are applied.ResultsThe result shows that the proposed framework can classify surgeons’ expertise as novice or expert with an accuracy of 82.3% for knot tying and 89.9% for a suturing task.ConclusionThis study demonstrates and evaluates the ability of machine learning methods to automatically classify expert and novice surgeons using global movement features.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141457/1/rcs1850.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141457/2/rcs1850_am.pd

A novel MOGNDO algorithm for security-constrained optimal power flow problems

The current research investigates a new and unique Multi-Objective Generalized Normal Distribution Optimization (MOGNDO) algorithm for solving large-scale Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems of complex power systems, including renewable energy sources and Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). A recently reported single-objective generalized normal distribution optimization algorithm is transformed into the MOGNDO algorithm using the nondominated sorting and crowding distancing mechanisms. The OPF problem gets even more challenging when sources of renewable energy are integrated into the grid system, which are unreliable and fluctuating. FACTS devices are also being used more frequently in contemporary power networks to assist in reducing network demand and congestion. In this study, a stochastic wind power source was used with different FACTS devices, including a static VAR compensator, a thyristor- driven series compensator, and a thyristor-driven phase shifter, together with an IEEE-30 bus system. Positions and ratings of the FACTS devices can be intended to reduce the system's overall fuel cost. Weibull probability density curves were used to highlight the stochastic character of the wind energy source. The best compromise solutions were obtained using a fuzzy decision-making approach. The results obtained on a modified IEEE-30 bus system were compared with other well-known optimization algorithms, and the obtained results proved that MOGNDO has improved convergence, diversity, and spread behavior across PFs.Web of Science1122art. no. 382

Governing stem cell therapy in India: regulatory vacuum or jurisdictional ambiguity?

Stem cell treatments are being offered in Indian clinics although preclinical evidence of their efficacy and safety is lacking. This is attributed to a governance vacuum created by the lack of legally binding research guidelines. By contrast, this paper highlights jurisdictional ambiguities arising from trying to regulate stem cell therapy under the auspices of research guidelines when treatments are offered in a private market disconnected from clinical trials. While statutory laws have been strengthened in 2014, prospects for their implementation remain weak, given embedded challenges of putting healthcare laws and professional codes into practice. Finally, attending to the capacities of consumer law and civil society activism to remedy the problem of unregulated treatments, the paper finds that the very definition of a governance vacuum needs to be reframed to clarify whose rights to health care are threatened by the proliferation of commercial treatments and individualized negligence-based remedies for grievances