A Study to Assess the Level of Depression and Anxiety among Woman with Polycystic Ovarian Disorder in Selected Hospital Nadiad City Gujarat

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Disorder Is The Most Common Endocrine Abnormality In Women Of Reproductive Age It Is A Health Problem That Affect 1 In 10 Women Of Child Bearing Age (15-49 Year). According To Indian Fertility Society Prevalence Of Pcod Range From 3.71% To 22.5% Women With Pcod Have Experienced Adverse Social, Physical, Emotional, And Psychological Consequences And They Are At Risk Of Developing Depression, Anxiety, Sadness, And Loneliness, Which Had Negative Impact On Their Health. Aims: The Main Aim Of The Study Is To Assess The Level Of Depression And Anxiety Among Women With Polycystic Ovarian Disorder In Selected Hospital In Nadiad City, Gujarat. Objectives To Assess The Level Of Depression In Women With Pcod In Selected Hospital Of Nadiad City Gujarat To Assess The Level Of Anxiety In Women With Pcod In Selected Hospital Of Nadiad City Gujarat. To Find Out The Association Between Level Of Depression And Anxiety Among Women With Pcod In A Selected Demographic Variables. Methodology: A Cross Sectional And Descriptive Study Designed Was Used By A Researcher. 100 Women Who Having Pcod Were Selected As A Sample. Sample Were Selected From Samju Laxmi Maternity Hospital And Akshar Hospital In Nadiad City Gujarat , Data Were Analyzed By Using Descriptive And Inferential Statistic And Frequency And Percentage, Table, Graph Etc., Were Used To Represent The Statistical Data. Result: In All 100 Women With Pcod Were Entered Into This Study In Which 36% Pcod Women Have No Depression, 49% Pcod Women Have Mild Depression, 8% Pcod Women Have Moderate Depression 7%, Pcod Women Have Severe Depression. Which Is Associated With Their Demographic Variable I.E. Age, Type Of Family. In All 100 Women With Pcod 7% Women Have No Anxiety ,24% Women Have Mild To Moderate Anxiety Level ,52% Women Have Moderate To Severe Anxiety And 7% Women Have Severe Anxiety. Which Is Associated With Their Demographic Variables I.E. Age, Marital Status, Have A Child?, Source Of Information About Pcod, Duration Of Pcod?, Duration Of Treatment.Conclusion :The Result Of Present Study Shows That The Pcod Women Have A Psychological Impact In Which There Is Presence Of Mild, Moderate And Severe Level Of Depression And Anxiety In Women With Pcod

Urban Dengue Surveillance over Sixteen Years: Integration, Trend Analysis and Participation of Private Medical Sector

Purpose: The increasing urbanisation and evolution of dengue vector offers favorable grounds for dengue. In absence of effective vaccine and therapeutic interventions, surveillance and reporting becomes mainstay for dengue management.Methods: Extensive efforts integrated various components (vector, human case, laboratory, environment and virus) of dengue surveillance with existing vector-borne disease surveillance in a large municipal corporation of western India. Approximately 80% private sector was involved to enhance and expand epidemiological picture of dengue transmission. Weekly entomological surveillance for immature and mature forms of Aedes mosquito was performed by trained team. Standardised sentinel hospital laboratories confirmed serological diagnosis. Virus serotype surveys and environmental indices were integrated later.Results: Between years 2000- 2016, total 24,506 clinically suspected and 3,515 confirmed cases were tested and reported respectively. After 2006, private sector contributed 10970 (40%) suspected and 971 (30%) confirmed cases. The adult vector density emerged as significantly correlated (r=0.67) to dengue cases. Low (<1) level of larval indices; House index (HI), Container’s index (CI) and Breteau index (BI) supported dengue transmission. The virus serotype survey shows predominant DEN-2 strain. The quality controlled and detailed case information guided implementation of prevention and control measure.Conclusions: Integration of dengue surveillance components with special emphasis on private sector leads to better informed program managers and healthcare providers

The Current States, Challenges, Ongoing Efforts, and Future Perspectives of Pharmaceutical Excipients in Pediatric Patients in Each Country and Region

A major hurdle in pediatric formulation development is the lack of safety and toxicity data on some of the commonly used excipients. While the maximum oral safe dose for several kinds of excipients is known in the adult population, the doses in pediatric patients, including preterm neonates, are not established yet due to the lack of evidence-based data. This paper consists of four parts: (1) country-specific perspectives in different parts of the world (current state, challenges in excipients, and ongoing efforts) for ensuring the use of safe excipients, (2) comparing and contrasting the country-specific perspectives, (3) past and ongoing collaborative efforts, and (4) future perspectives on excipients for pediatric formulation. The regulatory process for pharmaceutical excipients has been developed. However, there are gaps between each region where a lack of information and an insufficient regulation process was found. Ongoing efforts include raising issues on excipient exposure, building a region-specific database, and improving excipient regulation; however, there is a lack of evidence-based information on safety for the pediatric population. More progress on clear safety limits, quantitative information on excipients of concern in the pediatric population, and international harmonization of excipients’ regulatory processes for the pediatric population are required

Co-infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 and their management

SARS-CoV-2 was discovered in Wuhan, China and quickly spread throughout the world. This deadly virus moved from person to person, resulting in severe pneumonia, fever, chills and hypoxia. Patients are still experiencing problems after recovering from COVID-19. This review covers COVID-19 and associated issues following recovery from COVID-19, as well as multiorgan damage risk factors and treatment techniques. Several unusual illnesses, including mucormycosis, white fungus infection, happy hypoxia and other systemic abnormalities, have been reported in recovered individuals. In children, multisystem inflammatory syndrome with COVID-19 (MIS-C) is identified. The reasons for this might include uncontrollable steroid usage, reduced immunity, uncontrollable diabetes mellitus and inadequate care following COVID-19 recovery

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Cases

Introduction Drug-induced acute kidney injury (DI-AKI) is a frequent adverse event. The identification of DI-AKI is challenged by competing etiologies, clinical heterogeneity among patients, and a lack of accurate diagnostic tools. Our research aims to describe the clinical characteristics and predictive variables of DI-AKI. Methods We analyzed data from the DIRECT study (NCT02159209), an international, multi-center, observational cohort study of enriched clinically adjudicated DI-AKI cases. Cases met the primary inclusion criteria if the patient was exposed to at least one nephrotoxic drug for a minimum of 24 hours prior to acute kidney injury (AKI) onset. Cases were clinically adjudicated and inter-rater reliability (IRR) was measured using Krippendorff's alpha. Variables associated with DI-AKI were identified using L1 regularized multivariable logistic regression. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC). Results 314 AKI cases met the eligibility criteria for this analysis, and 271 (86%) cases were adjudicated as DI-AKI. The majority of the AKI cases were recruited from the United States (68%). The most frequent causal nephrotoxic drugs were vancomycin (48.7%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (18.2%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (17.8%). The IRR for DI-AKI adjudication was 0.309. The multivariable model identified age, vascular capacity, hyperglycemia, infections, pyuria, serum creatinine trends, and contrast media as significant predictors of DI-AKI with good performance, ROC AUC 0.86. Conclusions The identification of DI-AKI is challenging even with comprehensive adjudication by experienced nephrologists. Our analysis identified key clinical characteristics and outcomes of DI-AKI compared to other AKI etiologies

Hepatitis C Virus Screening of High-Risk Patients in a Canadian Emergency Department

Background. Approximately 0.7% of the Canadian population is infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and many individuals are unaware of their infection. Our objectives were to utilize an emergency department (ED) based point-of-care (POC) HCV screening test to describe our local population and estimate the proportion of high-risk patients in our population with undiagnosed HCV. Methods. A convenience sample of medically stable patients (≥18 years) presenting to a community ED in Calgary, AB, between April and July 2018 underwent rapid clinical screening for HCV risk factors, including history of injection drug use, healthcare in endemic countries, and other recognized criteria. High-risk patients were offered POC HCV testing. Antibody-positive patients underwent HCV-RNA testing and were linked to hepatology care. The primary outcome was the proportion of new HCV diagnoses in the high-risk population. Results. Of the 999 patients screened by survey, 247 patients (24.7%) were high-risk and eligible for testing. Of these, 123 (49.8%) were from HCV-endemic countries, while 63 (25.5%) and 31 (12.6%) patients endorsed a history of incarceration and intravenous drug use (IVDU), respectively. A total of 144 (58.3%) eligible patients agreed to testing. Of these, 6 patients were POC-positive (4.2%, CI 0.9–7.4%); all 6 had antibodies detected on confirmatory lab testing and 4 had detectable HCV-RNA viral loads in follow-up. Notably, 103 (41.7%) patients declined POC testing. Interpretation. Among 144 high-risk patients who agreed to testing, the rate of undiagnosed HCV infection was 4.2%, and the rate of undiagnosed HCV infection with detectable viral load was 2.8%. Many patients with high-risk clinical criteria refused POC testing. It is unknown if tested and untested groups have the same disease prevalence. This study shows that ED HCV screening is feasible and that a small number of previously undiagnosed patients can be identified and linked to potentially life-changing care