Association of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in a province of western Hungary with disease phenotype: Results of a 25-year follow-up study

AIM: IBD is a systemic disease associated with a large number of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs). Our aim was to determine the prevalence of EIMs in a large IBD cohort in Veszprem Province in a 25-year follow-up study. METHODS: Eight hundred and seventy-three IBD patients were enrolled (ulcerative colitis/UC/: 619, m/f: 317/302, mean age at presentation: 38.3 years, average disease duration: 11.2 years; Crohn's disease/CD/: 254, m/f: 125/129, mean age at presentation: 32.5 years, average disease duration: 9.2 years). Intestinal, extraintestinal signs and laboratory tests were monitored regularly. Any alteration suggesting an EIMs was investigated by a specialist. RESULTS: A total of 21.3 % of patients with IBD had EIM (UC: 15.0 %, CD: 36.6 %). Age at presentation did not affect the likelihood of EIM. Prevalence of EIMs was higher in women and in CD, ocular complications and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were more frequent in UC. In UC there was an increased tendency of EIM in patients with a more extensive disease. Joint complications were more frequent in CD (22.4 % vs UC 10.2 %, P<0.01). In UC positive family history increased the risk of joint complications (OR:3.63). In CD the frequency of type-1 peripheral arthritis was increased in patients with penetrating disease (P=0.028). PSC was present in 1.6 % in UC and 0.8 % in CD. Dermatological complications were present in 3.8 % in UC and 10.2 % in CD, the rate of ocular complications was around 3 % in both diseases. Rare complications were glomerulonephritis, autoimmune hemolytic anaemia and celiac disease. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of EIM in Hungarian IBD patients is in concordance with data from Western countries. The high number of EIM supports a role for complex follow-up in these patients

Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the Hoidas Lake REE deposit, northern Saskatchewan, Canada

The Hoidas Lake rare earth element (REE) deposit in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, was investigated through field observations, detailed petrographic studies, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and electron microprobe analyses (EMPA), fluid inclusion microthermometry and in situ U-Pb, Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotopic studies, in order to unravel the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the deposit. The main aims were to evaluate the source and chemical variations of the fluids and melts that formed the mineralization and to provide constraints on the age of the deposit. The structurally controlled mineralization consists of diopside-allanite veins and apatite breccia veins emplaced along the Hoidas-Nisikkatch Fault. In the diopside-allanite veins the allanites, commonly intergrown with hyalophane, titanite and diopside, show chemical variations that reflect relative REE-depletion in the melt during allanite crystallization, and subsequent REE-enrichment, possibly due to open system behavior and a new influx of melt/fluid into the vein system. The later apatite breccia veins show multiple phases of crystallization and a shift from Ce-dominance in the earlier red and green apatite phases to Nd-dominance in the latest coarse red apatite phase, which reflects a transition from magmatic to hydrothermal growth. Interaction with hydrothermal fluids resulted in chlorite-hematite alteration, irregular REE zonation in allanite and apatite, and local redistribution of the REEs into secondary monazite, REE-carbonates and REE-Sr-carbonates. Late quartz-carbonate veins that represent this hydrothermal overprint occasionally contain allanite, interpreted to have formed through hydrothermal remobilization of the REEs. The paragenetic relationships of the REE veins with hyalophane-bearing pegmatite dikes and late lamprophyre dikes and the mineral chemistry of the REE-bearing phases indicate a mantle-derived, most probably carbonatitic source for the melts and fluids responsible for the mineralization. The various vein generations formed due to repeated influxes of the mineralizing melts and fluids into the vein system, and caused limited Ba-metasomatism and albitization in the wall rocks. Unusual LREE-rich primary graphic-textured inclusions in the apatite of the Hoidas Lake deposit were studied through integrated EMPA and SEM-EDS imaging, and show variable compositions between Ce2O3+SiO2(+ThO2)-dominant and La2O3+Nd2O3(+F)-dominant end members. These inclusions indicate rapid apatite growth and contemporaneous crystallization of REE-enriched phases from the boundary-layer melt phase at the apatite-melt interface or alternatively, trapping of a melt phase during apatite growth due to melt-melt immiscibility. The fluid inclusion microthermometric data and evaporate mound analysis of the apatite breccia veins and related hyalophane-bearing pegmatites and quartz-carbonate veins suggest that entrapment of the hydrothermal fluids at Hoidas Lake occurred below 310°C, and pressure was transient between 0.5 and 2 kbars. Evolution of the Hoidas Lake mineralization involved early entrapment of a carbonic fluid followed by introduction of mixed Na-Ca-K-(Ba-Mn-Mg-Fe-Sr) aqueous fluids that were responsible for the late alteration of the mineralized veins and local redistribution of the REEs into secondary phases. Combination of the aforementioned studies indicates that the Hoidas Lake REE mineralization is a distal magmatic-hydrothermal counterpart of the hidden carbonatitic or alkaline igneous source. Geological relationships and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb geochronology of various mineral phases indicate that the REE-bearing veins formed after peak metamorphism in the Hoidas Lake area, which occurred at ca. 1.9 Ga. However, zircon crystals with concordant U-Pb dates of ca. 2350 Ma are interpreted to be inherited from granitoids that formed during the Arrowsmith Orogeny, also reported from other parts of the southern Rae Subprovince. Zircon rims that show concordant U-Pb ages around 1905 Ma represent new zircon growth during the emplacement of the REE mineralization and have considerably different Hf isotopic compositions, compared to the inherited zircon cores. Concordia ages of titanite from two distinct samples are ca. 1900 Ma and 1830 Ma and two monazite U-Pb date groups were observed at ca. 1910 Ma and 1845 Ma. The U-Pb dates correspond to the estimated period of tectonic activity of the Black Bay Fault System. The Sm-Nd isotopic systematics of titanite, green apatite and monazite are comparable to those previously reported for the Martin Group alkali basalts in the Beaverlodge Domain and the ultrapotassic rocks of the Christopher Island Formation in the Baker Lake Basin, both of which also yielded similar U-Pb ages to those of the Hoidas Lake veins. These regionally occurring alkali units likely originated from a similar source, most probably an ancient enriched lithospheric mantle reservoir

VPLIV POGOSTNOSTI PREDGRETJA NA VALILNOST DALJŠI ČAS SKLADIŠČENIH GOSJIH JAJC

Decrease of hatchability is a well-known fact for poultry breeder experts due to long term storage of eggs. Unfortunately there are sometimes circumstances when only solution is the storage of eggs for a shorter-longer period. Practical experiences show decrease of the hatchability even after 3-4 days of storage. If choosing the storing room circumspectly, decrease of the hatchability can be reduced as embrionic development is interrupted during storage. The necessary condition is the low (below 20o C) temperature of the storing room. As storage time increases, storing temperature decreases by several recommendations found in the literature (Tretjakov, Krok 1968; Bogenfürst 1994) anyway authors agree in keeping the temperature below 20o C, as that is the so-called embrionic zero temperature.Poslabšanje valilnosti zaradi daljšega skladiščenja jajc je dobro poznano rejcem perutnine. Žal je včasih edina možnost skladiščenje krajši oziroma daljši čas. Izkušnje kažejo na zmanjšanje valilnosti že 3-4 dni skladiščenih jajc. Z izbiro primernih pogojev skladiščenja lahko zmanjšamo poslabšanje valilnosti kot posledice prekinitve embrionalnega razvoja. Nujen pogoj za to je nizka temperatura (pod 20o&nbsp;C) skladiščenja. S podaljševanjem skladiščenja se po navedbah v literaturi znižuje priporočena temperatura skladiščenja (Tretjakov, Krok 1968; Bogenfürst 1994). Avtorji se strinjajo, da mora biti skladiščna temperatura pod 20o&nbsp;C, ki je tako imenovana ničelna embrionalna temperatura

Battery Technology – Use in Forestry

Technical development and system optimization during the last decades have targeted more efficient, socially acceptable and ecologically sustainable ways to use forestry machines and tools. This is supported by the development of electronics and electrical components, as well as battery technology, without which it is impossible to imagine doing some forestry work in forest areas with no permanent source of electricity. Today, we cannot imagine life without e.g. a cell phone, and also doing business in the forestry sector without a field computer. There are numerous examples in everyday life, but also in industry, where portable devices make life and business much easier, and the basis for the operation of these devices is battery technology. The importance of the development of battery technology is proven by the fact that in 2019 the Nobel Prize in Chemistry went into the hands of scientists who developed a lithium-ion battery - a lightweight, rechargeable and powerful battery that is used today in numerous products from mobile phones to laptops and electric vehicles. This paper will outline the historical development of battery technology and the use of battery powered devices, tools and machines with their advantages and disadvantages in forestry sector

Vibration Exposure of Battery and Petrol-Powered Chainsaws

The substitution of petrol-powered chainsaws with battery-powered ones has still not taken place in professional forestry. With the latest battery-powered chainsaws, performance is not an issue anymore, but energy storage and recharging still are. Nevertheless, there are some ergonomic points where battery-powered chainsaws tower over petrol-powered ones. This work aims to measure, evaluate, and compare hand-arm vibration between two comparable chainsaws, one petrol, and the other battery-powered. Stihl MS 261 C-M and Stihl MSA 300 C were chosen for this task. The cutting measurement was performed on a wet trunk of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) with a diameter of 30 cm, and on thinner branches

Is early limited surgery associated with a more benign disease course in Crohn’s disease?

AIM: To analyze the difference in disease course and need for surgery in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: Data of 506 patients with incident CD were analyzed (age at diagnosis: 31.5 ± 13.8 years). Both hospital and outpatient records were collected prospectively with a complete clinical follow-up and comprehensively reviewed in the population-based Veszprem province database, which includes incident CD patients diagnosed between January 1, 1977 and December 31, 2008. Follow-up data were collected until December 31, 2009. All patients included had at least 1 year of follow-up available. Patients with indeterminate colitis at diagnosis were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 73 patients (14.4%) required resective surgery within 1 year of diagnosis. Steroid exposure and need for biological therapy were lower in patients with early limited surgery (P < 0.001 and P = 0.09). In addition, surgery rates during follow-up in patients with and without early surgery differed significantly after matching on propensity scores (P < 0.001, HR = 0.23). The need for reoperation was also lower in patients with early limited resective surgery (P = 0.038, HR = 0.42) in a Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression (P = 0.04) analysis. However, this advantage was not observed after matching on propensity scores (P(Logrank) = 0.656, P(Breslow) = 0.498). CONCLUSION: Long-term surgery rates and overall exposure to steroids and biological agents were lower in patients with early limited resective surgery, but reoperation rates did not differ