Inaugural Nyerere Lecture on Lifelong Learning by the Minister of Education, Naledi Pandor, MP, at the University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Thursday, 9 September 2004

Memorial lectureFirst Annual Julius Nyerere Memorial Lecture presented by Naledi Pandor in 200

PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SEBAGAI SOLUSI ATAS FENOMENA MCDONALISASI PENDIDIKAN DALAM ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0.

Revolusi industri 4.0 menekankan ketrampilan penggunaan teknologi modern dalam semua aspek termasuk dalam bidang pendidikan. Penggunaan teknologi dalam dunia pendidikan membuat segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran menjadi efektif, terkontrol, dan efisien.  Namun relasi termediasi ini sering membuat subjek didik mengalami dehumanisasi. Dehumanisasi merupakan konsekuensi dari cara pandang terhadap fungsi teknologi pembelajaran yang didesain untuk menciptakan homogenisasi, keseragaman, dan otomatisasi. Dehumanisasi ini didukung oleh merebaknya fenomena McDonalisasi dalam dunia pendidikan yang menekankan efisiensi, daya prediksi, daya kontrol, dan keseragaman. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah pendekatan fenomenologi terhadap praksis pendidikan. Dari pendekatan fenomenologi, penulis menemukan bahwa pendidikan karakter merupakan solusi terhadap McDonalisasi pendidikan

An investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying retinitis pigmentosa 17 with the view to developing novel gene- based therapies

Includes bibliographical references.Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a highly heterogeneous form of inherited blindness that affects more than 1.3 million individuals worldwide. The RP17 form of the disease is caused by an arginine to tryptophan (R14W) mutation in the signal sequence of carbonic anhydrase IV (CAIV). In an effort to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying RP17, three cell types were transfected with the wild type (WT ) and the R14W mutant form of the protein. We show using immunocytochemistry that unlike transfected WT CAIV which is transported to the plasma membrane of transfected COS-7 and HT-1080 cells, R14W mutant CAIV is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum when transfected into the same cell type. Further analyses of these cells by western blotting reveal that whereas the WT CAIV is processed to its mature form in both these cell lines, significant levels of the R14W mutant protein remain in its immature form. Importantly, flow cytometry experiments demonstrate that compared to WT CAIV protein, expression of specifically the R14W CAIV results in an S and G2/M cell cycle block, followed by apoptosis. Interestingly, when the above experiments were repeated in the human embryonic kidney cell line, HEK-293, strikingly different results were obtained. These cells were unaffected by the expression of the R14W mutant CAIV and were able to process the mutant and WT protein equally effectively. These findings regarding cell type specificity were used as a basis to explore methods of therapy for RP17. In particular, allele-specific small hairpin RNA was used to silence expression of R14W mutant CAIV, and to rescue cells from undergoing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. A study of specific chaperones involved in protein folding, as well as gene and protein expression studies (microarray and mass spectrometry analysis), were also carried out to determine which proteins that were expressed in HEK-293 cells play a part in the ability to fold, process and transport R14W mutant CAIV. The results of this study have important implications for our understanding of the RP17 phenotype, and in investigating gene and protein therapy for the prevention and treatment of RP17

CATCALLING PHENOMENON AS A FORM OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT VERBALLY AGAINST WOMEN IN MALANG EMMANUEL LEVINAS FACE PHILOSOPHY PERSPECTIVE

This research aims to explain the phenomenon of catcalling as a form of verbal sexual harassment against women in Malang from the perspective of Emmanuel Levinas' facial philosophy. This catcalling terminology emerged from several large urban areas in Indonesia, such as Jakarta, Malang, Yogyakarta and Surabaya. Catcalling is called verbal sexual harassment because the perpetrator responds to the victim, such as whistling, sexually nuanced remarks in the form of words that make the victim uncomfortable, feel humiliated and attack the victim's sexual attributes. Among urban communities, the term catcalling has a vague meaning because it is a joke or joke to victims, most of whom are women. This paper aims to describe, analyze and find out the form of communication from catcalling. The author uses a phenomenological analysis methodology. The type of research used is qualitative research methods: a critical reading of the text and observations. As for the findings in this study, they were catcalling, verbal sexual harassment and rape culture. For Levinas, the victim or woman who experiences catcalls is the other who is tortured and harmed.

Intensive versus standard dose statin therapy: the costs and benefits for patients with acute coronary syndrome

Introduction: Recent NICE guidance in England and Wales states that statin therapy for secondary CVD should "usually be initiated with a drug with a low acquisition cost (taking into account required daily dose and product price per dose)". Intensive dose statin therapy is more costly than standard dose, but offers additional benefits and may potentially be more cost effective for a sub-group of high risk patients. Objective: To determine if the strategy of treating ACS patients with intensive dose statin compared with standard dose statin can be considered to be cost effective and to what extent these results are influenced by the age of the patient at start of treatment. Methods: A Markov model was used to explore the costs and health outcomes associated with a lifetime of intensive dose (represented by 80mg atorvastatin) versus standard dose (represented by 20mg simvastatin) treatment for patients with acute coronary syndrome. Health states included unstable angina, MI, stroke, fatal CHD, fatal stroke, or non vascular death. The benefits associated with statin treatment were modelled by applying the relative risks from a meta-analysis of 4 large RCTs reporting clinical endpoints. Costs and utilities assigned to health states were derived from a review of published evidence. Results: Treatment with intensive dose statin therapy offers additional benefits over standard dose therapy. The cost offsets through avoided events are less than the associated treatment costs and result in a cost per QALY of around £24,000 for patients with ACS starting treatment at 60 years of age and falling to around £14,000 for patients starting treatment at 70 years. The key driver of cost effectiveness is the relative risk for mortality. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that intensive statin regimens (represented by atorvastatin 80mg/day) are cost effective compared with standard statin regimens (represented by simvastatin 20mg/day) for patients with ACS over the age of 60 years. A recent registry study reports a mean age of 70 years for ACS patients admitted to UK hospitals and hence this comparison applies to the great majority of ACS patients

Economics of tandem mass spectrometry screening of neonatal inherited disorders

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of neonatal screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) and medium-chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency using tandem mass spectrometry (tandem MS). Methods: A systematic review of clinical efficacy evidence and cost-effectiveness modeling of screening in newborn infants within a UK National Health Service perspective was performed. Marginal costs, life-years gained, and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves are presented. Results: Substituting the use of tandem MS for existing technologies for the screening of PKU increases costs with no increase in health outcomes. However, the addition of screening for MCAD deficiency as part of a neonatal screening program for PKU using tandem MS, with an operational range of 50,000 to 60,000 specimens per system per year, would result in a mean incremental cost of −£17,298 (−£129,174, £66,434) for each cohort of 100,000 neonates screened. This cost saving is associated with a mean incremental gain of 57.3 (28.0, 91.4) life-years. Conclusions: Cost-effectiveness analysis using economic modeling indicates that substituting the use of tandem MS for existing technologies for the screening of PKU alone is not economically justified. However, the addition of screening for MCAD deficiency as part of a neonatal screening program for PKU using tandem MS would be economically attractive

Menyibak Tabir Politik Otentikarendtlan: sebuah Pembacaan dari Perspektif Etika Politik

In philosophical discussions, politics is one of the most interesting, deep but also slippery topics. It is interesting because it aims to make life in society more humane, deep because it involves a variety of interests, and slippery because it is a discussion between citizens on various issues in a public space. This interesting, deep and slippery discourse is analysed by Hannah Arendt by clearly distinguishing between what is political and what is apolitical. In what is political, there are freedom and plurality. This becomes evident in the arena called "public space". On the other hand, what is apolitical can be defined as forcing the citizens into uniformity. According the Arendt, authentic politics has to be vivified by freedom, supported by plurality among human beings and strengthened by interlocution [communication] among citizens in public space

Intensive versus standard dose statin therapy: the costs and benefits for patients with acute coronary syndrome

Introduction: Recent NICE guidance in England and Wales states that statin therapy for secondary CVD should "usually be initiated with a drug with a low acquisition cost (taking into account required daily dose and product price per dose)". Intensive dose statin therapy is more costly than standard dose, but offers additional benefits and may potentially be more cost effective for a sub-group of high risk patients. Objective: To determine if the strategy of treating ACS patients with intensive dose statin compared with standard dose statin can be considered to be cost effective and to what extent these results are influenced by the age of the patient at start of treatment. Methods: A Markov model was used to explore the costs and health outcomes associated with a lifetime of intensive dose (represented by 80mg atorvastatin) versus standard dose (represented by 20mg simvastatin) treatment for patients with acute coronary syndrome. Health states included unstable angina, MI, stroke, fatal CHD, fatal stroke, or non vascular death. The benefits associated with statin treatment were modelled by applying the relative risks from a meta-analysis of 4 large RCTs reporting clinical endpoints. Costs and utilities assigned to health states were derived from a review of published evidence. Results: Treatment with intensive dose statin therapy offers additional benefits over standard dose therapy. The cost offsets through avoided events are less than the associated treatment costs and result in a cost per QALY of around £24,000 for patients with ACS starting treatment at 60 years of age and falling to around £14,000 for patients starting treatment at 70 years. The key driver of cost effectiveness is the relative risk for mortality. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that intensive statin regimens (represented by atorvastatin 80mg/day) are cost effective compared with standard statin regimens (represented by simvastatin 20mg/day) for patients with ACS over the age of 60 years. A recent registry study reports a mean age of 70 years for ACS patients admitted to UK hospitals and hence this comparison applies to the great majority of ACS patients

Newborn screening using tandem mass spectrometry: A systematic review

Objectives: To evaluate the evidence for the clinical effectiveness of neonatal screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) and medium-chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency using tandem mass spectrometry (tandem MS). Study design: Systematic review of published research. Data sources: Studies were identified by searching 12 electronic bibliographic databases; conference proceedings and experts consulted. Results: Six studies were selected for inclusion in the review. The evidence of neonatal screening for PKU and MCAD deficiency using tandem MS was primarily from observational data of large-scale prospective newborn screening programmes and systematic screening studies from Australia, Germany and the USA. Tandem MS based newborn screening of dried blood spots for PKU and/or MCAD deficiency was shown to be highly sensitive (>93.220%) and highly specific (>99.971%). The false positive rate for PKU screening was less than 0.046% and for MCAD deficiency the false positive rate was less than 0.023%. The positive predictive values ranged from 20 to 32% and 19 to 100%, respectively. Conclusions: This review suggests that neonatal screening of dried blood spots using a single analytical technique (tandem MS) is highly sensitive and specific for detecting cases of PKU and MCAD deficiency, and provides a basis for modelling of the clinical benefits and potential costeffectiveness