Bispectral index is a topographically dependent variable in patients receiving propofol anaesthesia

Background. As very strong agreement has been reported between bispectral index (BIS) values measured from the occipital and frontal skull areas, we compared BIS values measured from central and parietal areas with those from frontal area to investigate whether BIS is really a topographically dependent or topographically independent variable. Methods. Twenty patients, ASA I-II, non-obese, aged 18-62 yr and with no neurological disorders were enrolled. Based on the 10-20 international landmarks, five silver dome electrodes were positioned: F7, C3, P7, Cz (common reference) and Fp1 (ground). Using frontal (F7-Cz), central (C3-Cz) and parietal (P7-Cz) electrode montages, the corresponding BIS values were simultaneously recorded with an Aspect A-1000 monitor (software v3.12). The BIS values were recorded at the propofol concentration allowing laryngeal mask insertion, which was maintained during the 10 min data collection period in absence of additional external stimuli. Data were analysed using the Kruskall-Wallis, Wilcoxon paired sign with Bonferroni correction, Bland-Altman and linear correlation tests. Results. At the predicted effect target propofol concentration 4-8 μg ml−1, the 10 min mean BIS (median [min-max]) were 32 [20-44], 46 [28-68] and 58 [41-72] for the frontal, central and parietal leads, respectively. Differences between these BIS recordings were statistically significant (P<0.0001, Kruskall-Wallis; P<0.005, Wilcoxon paired sign test). Conclusions. The present results provide evidence that BIS index is a topographically dependent variable in patients receiving propofol anaesthesi

PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA INDUSTRI TEKSTIL DAN GARMEN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2012-2016

ABSTRACTThis study has the aim of knowing the effect of dividend policy as measured by dividends per share and dividend payout ratio on stock prices. This research is quantitative descriptive. The total companies that will be studied are 3 companies which are determined through purposive sampling. In this study shows the results that dividend policy does not have a significant effect on the stock prices of textile and garment companies listed on the  Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). While simultaneously dividends per share and dividend payout ratio have no effect on stock prices. This shows that dividends do not provide signals or information to investors to invest in shares, because investors feel the same, whether they receive dividends at present or not, in the end investors will invest again and the rise and fall of the DPR will not affect investors whether will invest in the company or not.

Apport de la résonance magnétique per-opératoire à bas champs dans la chirurgie de l'adénome hypophysaire [Transsphenoidal approach with low field MRI for pituitary adenoma].

INTRODUCTION: Appropriate evaluation of resection remains one of the major difficulties of surgical treatment of pituitary adenoma. The transsphenoidal approach does not allow direct visual control. Endoscopy provides useful information but may no distinguish well residual adenoma from the pituitary gland. Intraoperative MRI offers new perspectives for assessing the quality of resection. We report our experience with low field intraoperative MRI in surgical treatment of pituitary adenoma. POPULATION: Intraoperative MRI (Polestar N10, 30 patients and Polestar N20, 17 patients) was performed in 45 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for pituitary adenoma. Thirty-seven patients had a macroadenoma. Patients were in the prone position with the head fixed with a three-pin MRI-compatible headholder. METHOD: Coronal T1 MRI scans with enhancement were acquired pre and per operatively. We compared scans and surgical filling (complete removal). If there was a difference, a surgical control was undertaken. RESULTS: Intraoperative images were unavailable for two patients due to small size of the neck and the pituitary glands which were not in the middle in the field of view. For the others, the pituitary glands were in the field of view and the intraoperative scans could be used for comparison. For four patients, there was a discrepancy between surgeon filling and the intraoperative MRI. A control showed no residual adenoma but hemostatic tissue. CONCLUSION: Low field intraoperative MRI is an excellent technique for controlling the size of pituitary adenoma resection

Dégradation des plastiques par les bactéries marines.

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