Two-dimensional NMR spectral studies of some 2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones

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Dimethyl 2-(3-chloro­phen­yl)-6-hy­droxy-6-methyl-4-(methyl­amino)­cyclo­hex-3-ene-1,3-dicarboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C18H22ClNO5, the cyclo­hexene ring adopts a distorted half-chair conformation. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by pairs of intra­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O inter­actions, generating S(6) motifs. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions, forming centrosymmetric dimers

Phenomic analysis of chronic granulomatous disease reveals more severe integumentary infections in X-Linked compared with autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease

BACKGROUND : Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inborn error of immunity (IEI), characterised by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. It is inherited either in an Xlinked (XL) or autosomal recessive (AR) mode. Phenome refers to the entire set of phenotypes expressed, and its study allows us to generate new knowledge of the disease. The objective of the study is to reveal the phenomic differences between XL and AR-CGD by using Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms. METHODS : We collected data on 117 patients with genetically diagnosed CGD from Asia and Africa referred to the Asian Primary Immunodeficiency Network (APID network). Only 90 patients with sufficient clinical information were included for phenomic analysis. We used HPO terms to describe all phenotypes manifested in the patients. RESULTS : XL-CGD patients had a lower age of onset, referral, clinical diagnosis, and genetic diagnosis compared with AR-CGD patients. The integument and central nervous system were more frequently affected in XL-CGD patients. Regarding HPO terms, perianal abscess, cutaneous abscess, and elevated hepatic transaminase were correlated with XL-CGD. A higher percentage of XL-CGD patients presented with BCGitis/BCGosis as their first manifestation. Among our CGD patients, lung was the most frequently infected organ, with gastrointestinal system and skin ranking second and third, respectively. Aspergillus species, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacteirum tuberculosis were the most frequent pathogens to be found. CONCLUSION : Phenomic analysis confirmed that XL-CGD patients have more recurrent and aggressive infections compared with AR-CGD patients. Various phenotypic differences listed out can be used as clinical handles to distinguish XL or AR-CGD based on clinical features.The Society for Relief of Disabled Children and Jeffrey Modell Foundation.https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunologydm2022Paediatrics and Child Healt

Targeted gene sanger sequencing should remain the first-tier genetic test for children suspected to have the five common X-linked inborn errors of immunity

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.To address inborn errors of immunity (IEI) which were underdiagnosed in resource-limited regions, our centre developed and offered free genetic testing for the most common IEI by Sanger sequencing (SS) since 2001. With the establishment of The Asian Primary Immunodeficiency (APID) Network in 2009, the awareness and definitive diagnosis of IEI were further improved with collaboration among centres caring for IEI patients from East and Southeast Asia. We also started to use whole exome sequencing (WES) for undiagnosed cases and further extended our collaboration with centres from South Asia and Africa. With the increased use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), we have shifted our diagnostic practice from SS to WES. However, SS was still one of the key diagnostic tools for IEI for the past two decades. Our centre has performed 2,024 IEI SS genetic tests, with in-house protocol designed specifically for 84 genes, in 1,376 patients with 744 identified to have disease-causing mutations (54.1%). The high diagnostic rate after just one round of targeted gene SS for each of the 5 common IEI (X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) 77.4%, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) 69.2%, X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (XCGD) 59.5%, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) 51.1%, and X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM1) 58.1%) demonstrated targeted gene SS should remain the first-tier genetic test for the 5 common X-linked IEI.The Hong Kong Society for Relief of Disabled Children and Jeffrey Modell Foundation.http://www.frontiersin.org/Immunologyam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt

Development of weight grader for dehusked coconut

Manual grading of dehusked coconut often leads to low profit than expected by the farmers. Appropriate grading systems guarantee a better income for the coconut growers. Therefore, a simple machine was designed and developed to grade the de-husked coconut based on its weight. The developed grader consists of an electronic weighing assembly, carrier cups with four bar linkage mechanism, proximity sensor, pneumatic actuators, and drive mechanism. Before the fabrication of grader, the tilt angle of carrier cup mechanism was optimised to ensure a free falling behaviour of dehusked coconut. The performance test of weight grader was conducted by varying the angular velocities of carrier cups (12, 14 and 16 rad/min) and signal settling time of the load cell (2, 3 and 4 s). The highest grading efficiency of 84 % was obtained at an angular velocity of 16 rad/min and load cell settling time of 4 s. The developed weight grader can replace the manual grading system by fetching more income and also it is user-friendly to the coconut grower

Preparation of nanofiber particles from the leaf of Aristida hystrix and its characterization

Natural fibers have been focused by researches to develop high performance and eco-friendly reinforcement in polymer composites. The present work is deliberated on the characterization of nanoparticles of Aristida hystrix (AH) leaf fiber to confirm their compatibility as reinforcement in polymer composites. The macro leaf fiber is reduced to nanofiber particles by ball milling method. From the characterization results, the AH leaf nanoparticles had cellulose content of (61.21 wt %) and crystallinity index (58.37%). The thermal stability of AH nanofiber particles was studied under nitrogen and oxygen environment. From the results obtained, the thermal stability of this fiber was found to be closer to 298.6°C and 312.6°C respectively. The morphological analysis evidenced that the cellulosic particles were in nanoscale. The antibacterial activity of AH nanofiber particles against Escherichia coli, Acetino bacteria, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by well diffusion method. The extracted AH nanopowder prepared by distilled water showed the maximum zone of inhibition against all tested bacterias in low concentrations (50 mg/50 µL). The zone of inhibition of AH fiber particles was better in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which is suitable for the medical applications

An Improved Music Recommendation System for Facial Recognition and Mood Detection

A user can choose the song using a number of strategies. This system finds the user’s mood and recommends music in accordance with that mood. The main objective is to accurately assess the user’s mood in a friendly way. Listeners are introduced to a machine learning application that plays song based on the user’s mood. Finding the user’s expression using Artificial Neural Network model, which expresses their emotions, can help with this. Compared to speaking, facial expressions reveal a lot more about a person. Users are finding it challenging to select the song that they want to listen to due to the daily increase in the number of songs being created. In order to address, our recommendation system gives users a selection of songs that are automatically added to their customized playlist based on the user’s mood

A new species of Dudgeodes Sartori, 2008 (Ephemeroptera: Teloganodidae) from Megamalai hills of southern Western Ghats, India

Srinivasan, Pandiarajan, Sivaruban, T., Barathy, S., Isack, Rajasekaran (2021): A new species of Dudgeodes Sartori, 2008 (Ephemeroptera: Teloganodidae) from Megamalai hills of southern Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa 4990 (3): 571-576, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4990.3.

A new species of Nigrobaetis Novikova & Kluge, 1987 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Tamil Nadu, India

Sivaruban, T., Srinivasan, Pandiarajan, Barathy, S., Isack, Rajasekaran (2022): A new species of Nigrobaetis Novikova & Kluge, 1987 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Tamil Nadu, India. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 182-190, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.

Synthesis and NMR spectral study of some 5-aryl-3-methylcyclohex-2-enones and 5<i>r</i>-aryl-3<i>t</i>-cyano-3<i>c</i>-methylcyclohexanones

553-562 Eight 5-aryl-3-methylcyclohex-2-enones 2a-h (Ar = C6H5, p-ClC6H4, p-MeOC6H4, p-O2NC6H4, p-MeC6H4, p-FC6H4, p-Me2­NC6H4 or m-O2NC6H4) and seven 5r-aryl-3t-cyano-3c-methylcyclohexanones 3a-c and 3e-h (Ar = C6H5, p-ClC6H4, p-MeOC6H4, p-MeC6H4, p-FC6H4, p-Me2­NC6H4 or m-O2NC6H4) have been synthesized and characterised by 1H and 13C NMR spectra. For 2a (Ar = C6H5) SEFT and HMBC spectra have been recorded. For 2e (Ar = p-MeC6H4) HSQC and HMBC spectra have been recorded. For 3a (Ar = C6H­5) HOMOCOSY, NOESY, HSQC and SEFT spectra have been recorded. Analysis of these spectra suggests that cyclohex-2-enones adopt sofa conformation with one of the methylene protons at C-4 and C-6 anti to H-5 and the other methylene proton gauche to H-5. The effect of the phenyl and methyl groups on the chemical shifts of protons and carbons in cyclohexenone ring are discussed. The cyanocyclohexanones adopt chair conformation with axial orientation of cyano group and equatorial orientations of the methyl and phenyl groups. The probable values for the proton chemical shifts of the various protons in the cyclohexanone ring of cis-3-methyl-5-phenylcyclohexanone 6 have been computed from the observed proton chemical shifts of 3a and the known effects of axial cyano group. The possible values for the 13C chemical shifts of the cyclohexanone ring carbons in 6 have been computed from the 13C chemical shifts of cyclohexanone and known effects of phenyl and methyl groups. Comparison of these values with the chemical shifts of protons and carbons in 2a suggests that the double bond at C-2 influences the 1H chemical shifts by polarization, magnetic anisotropy and electronegativity effects and the 13C chemical shifts by polarization and electronegativity effects. </smarttagtype