34 research outputs found
Interactions of melatonin with mammalian mitochondria. Reducer of energy capacity and amplifier of permeability transition.
Get PDFMelatonin, a metabolic product of the amino acid tryptophan, induces a dose-dependent energy drop correlated with a decrease in the oxidative phosphorylation process in isolated rat liver mitochondria. This effect involves a gradual decrease in the respiratory control index and significant alterations in the state 4/state 3 transition of membrane potential (ΔΨ). Melatonin, alone, does not affect the insulating properties of the inner membrane but, in the presence of supraphysiological Ca2+, induces a ΔΨ drop and colloid-osmotic mitochondrial swelling. These events are sensitive to cyclosporin A and the inhibitors of Ca2+ transport, indicative of the induction or amplification of the mitochondrial permeability transition. This phenomenon is triggered by oxidative stress induced by melatonin and Ca2+, with the generation of hydrogen peroxide and the consequent oxidation of sulfydryl groups, glutathione and pyridine nucleotides. In addition, melatonin, again in the presence of Ca2+, can also induce substantial release of cytochrome C and AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor), thus revealing its potential as a pro-apoptotic agent
Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000–2018
Get PDFExclusive breastfeeding (EBF)-giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life-is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030.This work was primarily supported by grant no. OPP1132415 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Co-authors used by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (E.G.P. and R.R.3) provided feedback on initial maps and drafts of this manuscript. L.G.A. has received support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior, Brasil (CAPES), Código de Financiamento 001 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (grant nos. 404710/2018-2 and 310797/2019-5). O.O.Adetokunboh acknowledges the National Research Foundation, Department of Science and Innovation and South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis. M.Ausloos, A.Pana and C.H. are partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project no. PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. P.C.B. would like to acknowledge the support of F. Alam and A. Hussain. T.W.B. was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. K.Deribe is supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant no. 201900/Z/16/Z) as part of his international intermediate fellowship. C.H. and A.Pana are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project no. PN-III-P2-2.1-SOL-2020-2-0351. B.Hwang is partially supported by China Medical University (CMU109-MF-63), Taichung, Taiwan. M.Khan acknowledges Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University for their support. A.M.K. acknowledges the other collaborators and the corresponding author. Y.K. was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (grant no. XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITM/0004). K.Krishan is supported by a DST PURSE grant and UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M.Kumar would like to acknowledge FIC/NIH K43 TW010716-03. I.L. is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by the SecretarÃa Nacional de Ciencia, TecnologÃa e Innovación (SENACYT), Panamá. M.L. was supported by China Medical University, Taiwan (CMU109-N-22 and CMU109-MF-118). W.M. is currently a programme analyst in Population and Development at the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Country Office in Peru, which does not necessarily endorses this study. D.E.N. acknowledges Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council. G.C.P. is supported by an NHMRC research fellowship. P.Rathi acknowledges support from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. Ramu Rawat acknowledges the support of the GBD Secretariat for supporting the reviewing and collaboration of this paper. B.R. acknowledges support from Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. A.Ribeiro was supported by National Funds through FCT, under the programme of ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment—Individual Support’ within the contract no. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND 2018/CEECIND/02386/2018/CP1538/CT0001/PT. S.Sajadi acknowledges colleagues at Global Burden of Diseases and Local Burden of Disease. A.M.S. acknowledges the support from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F.S. was supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (grant no. KQTD20190929172835662). A.Sheikh is supported by Health Data Research UK. B.K.S. acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for all the academic support. B.U. acknowledges support from Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. C.S.W. is supported by the South African Medical Research Council. Y.Z. was supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (grant no. Q20201104) and Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Technology Innovation Team Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (grant no. T2020003). The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. All maps presented in this study are generated by the authors and no permissions are required to publish them
Not Available
No full textNot AvailableAim:
Methodology:
Results:
Interpretation:
To assess yield loss in different rice varieties due to rice bakanae disease and to understand the role of weather parameters on disease incidence
and losses.
Roving survey and surveillance was carried out for three consecutive years to assess the status of rice bakanae disease among twenty
popular rice varieties growing in Eastern India. Field experiment was conducted for three successive years, i.e., 2016, 2017 and 2018 at Cuttack. Highly
susceptible variety Pooja was selected for the experiment. Data on disease incidence was collected daily from 10 days after transplanting to harvesting
stage and data were recorded at standard meteorological week. Correlation was performed to find the effect of different weather parameters on the
incidence of bakanae disease on rice.
Disease being seed borne caused
significant reduction in yield and quality. The
maximum disease incidence was recorded in Pooja
with 18.25, 28.50 and 40.25 per cent in three years.
The same variety showed maximum yield loss of
35.26 per cent compared all other varieties. The data
on relationship of bakanae disease incidence with
weather parameters showed that the rainfall (-0.444)
had significant negative correlation during 2018,
while RH (0.525 and 0.606) had significant positive
correlation during 2017 and 2018.
This study gives some information
for formulating breeding programs to develop
resistant varieties and management measures for
preventing Bakanae diseaseNot Availabl
Differential Gut Bacteria in Phosphine Resistant and Susceptible Population of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and their Biochemical and Molecular Characterization
No full textNot AvailableGut bacteria community associated with insects are crucial to understand their function in the physiology
of the host. The hypothesis of the present study was that gut microbiota in phosphine resistant population
inhabits phosphine degrading bacteria. The study demonstrated the differential gut bacteria in phosphineresistant
and susceptible populations in Tribolium castaneum. Phosphine bioassay of different populations
of T. castaneum revealed that Jagatsinghpur (Odisha, India) population had the highest LC50 value (1.104
mg/l). Further, gut bacteria were isolated and characterized through biochemical and molecular techniques.
Among nine isolates of bacteria from resistant and susceptible populations, six isolates belonged to gram
positive bacteria and three belonged to gram-negative. The 16S rRNA gene sequences displayed 96 to
100 per cent homology to other 16S rRNA gene of strains within the National Centre for Biotechnological
information (NCBI), Genbank. Among different bacteria strains, two, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus
saprophyticus were reported from resistant populations. Other species belonged to Staphylococcus sp.,
Enterobacter sp., Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Klebsiella pneumonia (all four from resistant populations)
and Achromobacter sp (from a susceptible population). Present study provides a basis for elucidating the
role of the gut bacteria in the phosphine resistance and design novel strategies for the management of T.
castaneumNot Availabl
