Export and Economic Growth in India: Causal Interpretation

The present study focuses on the cointegration between Export and Gross Domestic Product and its components at current and constant prices. Time series data for Export and Gross Domestic Product and its components has been taken for the period 1950-51 to 2001-02. In the long run export and GDP reveal that export and GDP at constant prices are not cointegrable while export and GDP at current prices are cointegrable and also the direction of causality is positive. In the short run, through error correction mechanism it has been observed that GDP as dependent variable and export as an independent variable show that short run changes in export have affected positively to GDP and its components.Gross Domestic Product, Export, Unit root test, Cointegration, Error Correction Model, Time series

Export and Economic Growth in India: Causal Interpretation

The present study focuses on the cointegration between Export and Gross Domestic Product and its components at current and constant prices. Time series data for Export and Gross Domestic Product and its components has been taken for the period 1950-51 to 2001-02. In the long run export and GDP reveal that export and GDP at constant prices are not cointegrable while export and GDP at current prices are cointegrable and also the direction of causality is positive. In the short run, through error correction mechanism it has been observed that GDP as dependent variable and export as an independent variable show that short run changes in export have affected positively to GDP and its components

Globalization and WTO: Impact on India’s economic growth and export

The roots of newly emerging forces of globalization exist in specific economic and political development in the late 1980s and early1990s. From other regulatory measures to correct the prevailing distortions in the Indian economy, government of India introduced Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) in July 1991. The World Trade Organization (WTO) which came into existence on January 1, 1995 with a view to ensure global cooperative trade environment, to raise incomes and to create ample job opportunity for the nations through fair and open trade. In order to estimate growth of Indian exports as well as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the period 1985-86 to 2004-05 keeping view the structural reform of 1991 and WTO Settlement in 1995, we have employed OLS technique based on dummy variables. The empirical evidences of the present paper has scanned Gross Domestic Product and export performance of the Indian economy for the period 1985-86 to 2004-05 with an attempt to isolate the impacts of Economic reforms and WTO

Uttar Pradesh: State Economy (AT A Glance)

Uttar Pradesh is India`s fourth largest and the most populated state in India. With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,286 square km), Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. There is an average population density of 828 persons per km² i.e. 2,146 per sq meters. Uttar Pradesh shares an international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar Pradesh's border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east. As Uttar Pradesh shares an international boundary it assumes strategic importance as far as its defence is concerned. The administrative and legislative capital of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow

Modeling of Six Pulse Voltage Source Inverter based STATCOM with PWM and Conventional Triggering

In the present study, a six pulse inverter is triggered using conventional sequential and pulse width modulation (PWM) technique simultaneously for comparing their results. FACTS devices such as STATCOM are the most emerging areas in today’s power system. This STATCOM is a power electronic based converter circuit in which inverter circuit is fabricated for the purpose of voltage control and reactive power compensation through its current flow. A six pulse inverter is developed that can be generalized for developing any number of multiple of six pulse inverters by cascading them in parallel using transformers connection. Voltage source Inverter (VSI) is the most commonly used inverter that can be modeled for electrical system based studies. A methodology is presented to trigger the STATCOM inverter circuit using conventional and PWM techniques, and then the results are compared using MATLAB Simulink mode

Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing, Beta-Lactamase Production and mcr-1 Gene Detection in Uropathogenic Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolated from A Tertiary Care Hospital in Bhopal: A Prospective Study

Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K pneumoniae) is an inhabitant of the nasopharynx and gastrointestinal tract and it is capable of causing a variety of infections, including urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, liver abscess and septicemia. UTI in humans can be hospital and community-acquired. UTI should initially be treated with Co-trimoxazole, Nitrofurantoin, 1st generation cephalosporins, and Ciprofloxacin. Still, in India, frequent usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as cephalosporins, carbapenems and colistin for getting immediate response has led to resistance to these drugs. K pneumoniae possess several different mechanisms of drug resistance for survival. ESBL, MBL and AmpC beta-lactamase production is one of the dominant mechanisms to inactivate the beta-lactam antibiotics. UTI caused by MDR K pneumoniae is often treated with carbapenems and colistin. Inappropriate doses and frequent usage of these antibiotics make bacteria resistant therefore it is important to know about the susceptibility of antibiotics against K pneumoniae before giving broad-spectrum antibiotics in the local community for the better management of UTI. Methods: The present study is a prospective study. All clean-catch, mid-stream urine samples were collected in the sample collection centre from the patients suspecting UTI. Semi-quantitative culture method (SQCM) was used to isolate K pneumoniae. SQCM is a routinely used culture method as a diagnostic criterion for patients having a UTI. SQCM indicates the bacterial count present in the urine sample. Firstly, K pneumoniae was isolated and identified followed by Antimicrobial-susceptibility testing (AST). After the AST, double disc synergy test checked the production of ESBL, MBL and AmpC beta-lactamase. Lastly, colistin resistance in K pneumoniae was determined by the E-strip method and K pneumoniae strains positive by E-strip method were further screened for mcr-1 gene by PCR. Results: A total of 11740 urine samples were received and processed. 2465 (21%) samples showed significant growth of uropathogens. Out of all pathogens, 332 (13%) were identified as K pneumoniae.  Other 2133 (87%) pathogens were identified as Enterobacteriaceae members, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. Of all the antibiotics we tested in our study, colistin (87%), carbapenems (78-79%) were the most and penicillin (00-43%) group was the least sensitive. ESBL, AmpC and MBL were 203 (61%), 126 (38%) and 83 (25%) respectively in K pneumonia. Colistin resistance was shown by 43 (13%) K pneumonia strains and out of these 43, only 08 (19%) strains were positive for mcr-1 gene

Applications of Fibonacci Sequences and Golden Ratio

The study mainly focuses on the use of the Golden Ratio and the Fibonacci sequence. The connection between them can be clearly visible in nature. With the help of the Fib-onacci sequence scientists have solved many mysteries related to nature. Everything that is around us somehow or other depends on Fibonacci numbers, the Golden Ratio, and the Fibonacci sequence. Some examples are –Flower petals- Lily, Rose, Daisy, Marigold, Sunflower, Iris, Buttercups, wild rose, larkspur Trillium, Bloodroot, Aster, and Susan; Seed heads-Sunflower; Snail; Fruit-Apple, Banana, Pineapple; Human Face; Tree Branches; Cyclone; Pinecones; Shells; Spiral Galaxies; Bees; Famous architecture design – Taj Ma-hal, in Hindu rituals, in decoding-coding the data, in providing security to the sensitive data and all over the world, in mother's womb (about her baby's position), etc. The cur-rent study reflects that there is no limitation to the Fibonacci pattern and Golden Ratio in our surroundings

Long-term treatment and poor management of psychiatric manifestations in mesial temporal sclerosis leading to suicidality in a young male

AbstractPsychiatric disorders including anxiety, psychosis, and aggressive behaviors are frequently diagnosed in patients with epilepsy. In this communication, we report a patients with mesial temporal lobe sclerosis with interictal affective-somatoform (dysphoric) disorders who was never treated for psychiatric manifestations, and who deliberately took a massive dose of phenytoin and phenobarbitone with a motive of suicide, resulting in severe combined toxicity. Such unfortunate incidences may be prevented, and quality of life can be improved with early diagnosis, through the selection of the right antiepileptic drugs, reasonable psychiatric consultation, and appropriate biological and psychological treatments

Isolation and characterization of a novel nitrogen fixer Beijerinckia fluminensis strain BAUMS11 from litchi (Litchi chinensis L.) rhizosphere

Indiscriminate use of mineral fertilizers has a broad negative impact on soil health. Because of the above, there is an urgent need to search for natural organic alternatives, including using soil microbial resources to replenish soil nutrients for enhanced Agri productivity vis a vis sustainably maintaining soil health. The nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria (NFR) are such type of bacteria which fix gaseous atmospheric nitrogen in the soil and in nodules of certain plant species in considerable amounts that are readily available for plants' uptake and may be considered as a viable alternative source of mineral nitrogen application. The present study was conducted to isolate the most potent nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the litchi rhizosphere. Hence, Five NFR (NFR1 to NFR5) were isolated from the rhizosphere of litchi orchard of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhgalpur, India, based on their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in a nitrogen-free mineral salt medium. NFR2 was found to be the most potent in fixing atmospheric nitrogen (11.31 mg N per gram carbon source)among all the isolated rhizobacterial strains. Hence, on the basis of biological nitrogen fixation ability, the isolate NFR2 was subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing for molecular characterization. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, NFR2 showed the closest sequence homology with Beijerinckia fluminensis and was identified and reported as Beijerinckia fluminensis strain BAUMS11, Accession number MN533953. The study noticeably indicated that the B. fluminensis strain BAUMS11 was found most efficient in fixing gaseous atmospheric nitrogen and may be used for the manufacturing of nitrogenous biofertilizer, which can fix atmospheric nitrogen to the tune-up to 30 kg N ha-1yr-1.

Inequality, Decomposition of Inequality and Stationarity of State Domestic Product: An Empirical Evidence from Twenty Indian States

In this paper an attempt has been made to detect stationarity and inequality of the State Domestic Product among twenty states of Indian Federal System. For the purpose, time series and panel data has been utilized. Inequality in SDP and per capita SDP among states has been estimated with the help of Gini coefficient, generalized entropy indices and Atkinson indices. An attempt has been made to decompose inequality by using panel data. Indices of inequality are higher for SDP in comparison with per capita SDP. All the indices of within group inequality are higher than between group for SDP while it is vice ~ versa for per capita SDP. Percentile Ratios', Generalized Entropy Indices and Atkinson Indices reveal the presence of unit root at level and zero lag which shows the inequality among states are not stationary during the period under study