Distal protection devices during percutaneous coronary and carotid interventions

Distal embolization of particulate matter complicates percutaneous coronary and peripheral interventions more often than had been recognized until recently. A number of distal protection devices are under development. The PercuSurge GuardWire™ is a balloon occlusion thrombectomy device approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for saphenous vein graft intervention. A number of filter devices utilize an expandable filter mounted on the angioplasty guidewire to facilitate entrapment of particles and safe removal. The Parodi Anti-Emboli System™ is an example of a catheter occlusion device that establishes protection by reversing blood flow in the target vessel

Clinical Presentation and Angiographic Characteristics of Saphenous Vein Graft Failure After Stenting Insights From the SOS (Stenting Of Saphenous Vein Grafts) Trial

ObjectivesWe sought to compare the clinical presentation and angiographic patterns of saphenous vein graft (SVG) failure after stenting with a paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) versus a similar bare-metal stent (BMS).BackgroundThe mode of SVG failure after stenting has been poorly characterized.MethodsThe SOS (Stenting Of Saphenous Vein Grafts) trial enrolled 80 patients with 112 lesions in 88 SVGs who were randomized to a BMS or PES. Angiographic follow-up at 12 months was available in 83% of the patients.ResultsBinary angiographic restenosis occurred in 51% (24 of 47) of BMS-treated lesions versus 9% (4 of 43) of PES-treated lesions (p < 0.0001). Graft occlusion occurred in 9 of the 21 SVGs (43%) that failed in the BMS group and in 2 of 4 SVGs (50%) that failed in the PES group. SVG failure after stenting presented as an acute coronary syndrome in 10 of the 24 patients (42%) (7 of those 10 patients presented with non–ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction), stable angina in 9 (37%) patients, and without symptoms in 5 (21%) patients. Of the 19 patients (with 20 grafts) who developed symptomatic graft failure, repeat SVG revascularization was successfully performed in all 13 (100%) subtotally obstructed SVGs but was attempted (and successful) in only 1 of 7 (14%) occluded SVGs. Revascularization of a native coronary artery was performed in an additional 4 of 7 (57%) symptomatic patients with an occluded SVG.ConclusionsSVG failure after stenting often presents as acute myocardial infarction and with SVG occlusion. Compared with BMS, PES reduce SVG failure