Children’s coping with in vivo peer rejection: An experimental investigation

We examined children's behavioral coping in response to an in vivo peer rejection manipulation. Participants (N=186) ranging between 10 and 13 years of age, played a computer game based on the television show Survivor and were randomized to either peer rejection (i.e., being voted out of the game) or non-rejection control. During a five-min. post-feedback waiting period children's use of several behavioral coping strategies was assessed. Rejection elicited a marked shift toward more negative affect, but higher levels of perceived social competence attenuated the negative mood shift. Children higher in depressive symptoms were more likely to engage in passive and avoidant coping behavior. Types of coping were largely unaffected by gender and perceived social competence. Implications are discussed. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Predicting major bleeding in patients with noncardioembolic stroke on antiplatelets

Objective: To develop and externally validate a prediction model for major bleeding in patients with a TIA or ischemic stroke on antiplatelet agents. Methods: We combined individual patient data from 6 randomized clinical trials (CAPRIE, ESPS-2, MATCH, CHARISMA, ESPRIT, and PRoFESS) investigating antiplatelet therapy after TIA or ischemic stroke. Cox regression analyses stratified by trial were performed to study the association between predictors and major bleeding. A risk prediction model was derived and validated in the PERFORM trial. Performance was assessed with the c statistic and calibration plots. Results: Major bleeding occurred in 1,530 of the 43,112 patients during 94,833 person-years of follow-up. The observed 3-year risk of major bleeding was 4.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.4%–4.9%). Predictors were male sex, smoking, type of antiplatelet agents (aspirin-clopidogrel), outcome on modified Rankin Scale ≥3, prior stroke, high blood pressure, lower body mass index, elderly, Asian ethnicity, and diabetes (S2TOP-BLEED). The S2TOP-BLEED score had a c statistic of 0.63 (95% CI 0.60–0.64) and showed good calibration in the development data. Major bleeding risk ranged from 2% in patients aged 45–54 years without additional risk factors to more than 10% in patients aged 75–84 years with multiple risk factors. In external validation, the model had a c statistic of 0.61 (95% CI 0.59–0.63) and slightly underestimated major bleeding risk. Conclusions: The S2TOP-BLEED score can be used to estimate 3-year major bleeding risk in patients with a TIA or ischemic stroke who use antiplatelet agents, based on readily available characteristics. The discriminatory performance may be improved by identifying stronger predictors of major bleeding

Time-Resolved Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Extended X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Investigations of the N3- Complexation of Eu(III), Cm(III), and Am(III) in an Ionic Liquid: Differences and Similarities

The complexation of the lanthanide Eu(III) and the actinides Cm(III) and Am(III) by N-3(-) was investigated by application of time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAFS) in the ionic liquid solution Of C(4)mimTf(2)N (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide). TRLFS, measurements show that the interaction of azide with Eu(CF3SO3)(3) and Eu(ClO4)(3) results in both dynamic luminescence quenching by collisional encounters of N-3(-) with Eu(III) and static luminescence quenching by inner-sphere complexation of Eu(III) by N-3(-). Hereby, the complexation of Eu-triflate by azide starts at a lower N-3(-) concentration as compared to the perchlorate salt. The authors ascribe this phenomenon to a stronger bonding Of ClO4- toward the metal ion than triflate, as well as to a stronger electrostatic repulsion of N-3(-) by the perchlorate ligand. In both actinide samples (Cm(ClO4)(3), Am(ClO4)(3)), the complexation with azide exhibits a clear kinetic hindrance. Nevertheless, mixed actinide-perchlorate-azide complexes are formed after several days in C(4)mimTf(2)N. The different reaction kinetics for the Ln- and An-complexation by azide may provide the opportunity for an effective separation of lanthanides from actinides in the nuclear fuel cycle by the use of N-based extractants in ionic liquid solutio

TRLFS and EXAFS investigations of lanthanide and actinide complexation by triflate and perchlorate in an ionic liquid

The solvation of the Eu-perchlorate (ClO4–) and triflate (CF3SO3–, OTf–) salts as well as of Cm(ClO4)3 and Am(ClO4)3 in the ionic liquid C4mimTf2N (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) has been comparatively investigated by application of laser fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, the ClO4–/OTf– ligand exchange reaction for the two actinide cations has been analyzed by the same spectroscopic techniques. A structural model for the different complexes was determined by the interpretation of the spectroscopic data. The lanthanide and the two actinide cations show the same coordination in C4mimTf2N. Moreover, a sequence for the strength of complexing ligands could be deduced from the spectroscopic data for the lanthanide and the two actinides: ClO4–>OTf–≥Tf2N–>H2O