Improving the Stability of the Straight-Line Movement of a Tractor Train by Improving the Trailer Hitch

In terms of operation of motor-tractor trains, alongside with their advantages in comparison with single cars and tractors, there is a decrease in such indicators as manageability, trajectory stability, maneuverability, which worsens working conditions and reduces the safety of transport operations. Reducing the stability of straight-line movement of the motor-tractor trains is associated with the stability of the course of the towed single-axis or two-axis trailer. With an increase of the motor-tractor trains speed on the road straight sections, transverse horizontal deviations of trailer links from the tractor path may occur and increase with an speed boost, increasing the width of the overall corridor and the width of the traffic lane of the motor-tractor trains, which creates a threat to oncoming and overtaking transport, increase the danger of the trailer skidding and its departure from the designated lane. One of the ways to solve the problem of increasing the stability of a single-axle trailer by dampening lateral horizontal vibrations can be attributed to the use of stabilizing traction devices that connect a tractor-trailer (or tractor) and the trailer's traction lever (drawbar). The article is shown the problems of improving the safety of tractor-transport trains with single-axle trailers by using stabilizing traction devices that reduce the vibrations of trailers in the horizontal plane when moving along a straight trajectory. © 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved

The capacity and effectiveness elimination domestic animals allergens: myths and realities

At present, sensitization to airborne allergens in domestic animals is absolutely rightly considered one of the key risk factors for the development of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, as well as largely determines the development of severe forms of atopic dermatitis and respiratory allergosis. Of particular importance is the fact that, unlike other triggers, the elimination of allergens in domestic animals is often associated with internal resistance from patients. Various aspects of this problem are associated with a large number of baseless statement that lead to inadequate prevention and therapy, as well as negatively affecting the social activity of patients and their families. The article presents the current data on the prevalence of sensitization, the properties and clinical significance of the allergens of domestic animals, outlines approaches to conducting elimination activities

Cytokine status disorders in children with urticaria

Objective: to study the state of cytokine status in children with acute and chronic urticaria.Materials and methods: 264 children of both sexes aged from 6 to 16 years with different variants of urticaria were examined. Clinical research methods included analysis of anamnestic data, objective examination of the child to determine the severity of urticaria. Immunological research methods included determination of IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ levels by the method of enzyme immunoassay of blood serum.Results: cytokine profile analysis revealed hyperproduction of IL-17, γ-IFN with reduced IL-4 synthesis in children with acute urticaria. In children with chronic urticaria, IL-6 hyperproduction is noted against the background of a significant decrease in IL-4 synthesis.Conclusion: there was a significant relationship between the development of severe acute urticaria and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17, and between the formation of chronic urticaria and the level of IL-6

Food labelling and food-induced anaphylaxis in children. Where are the intersection points?

Anaphylaxis is an acute life-threatening condition affecting several body systems. It might have a rapid onset and lead to a lethal outcome. The major provoking factors for the development of anaphylactic reactions in childhood are food allergens. High hypersensitivity to one food allergen can make it difficult for a family to find a substitution for an allergenic product. Food-induced anaphylactic reaction to quite a number of food allergens is a serious problem for both the physician and the family of an allergic child necessitating organization of appropriate and safe nutrition. In real life, the standard recommendation for the patient – to strictly follow the rules of the elimination diet with exclusion of the causative allergen and all cross-reactive allergens – often becomes unrealizable. There is a serious risk of developing new allergic reactions due to accidental intake of the triggering allergens because of incorrect food labelling by manufacturers. The objective of the work is to present a clinical case report that demonstrates the importance of performing allergy component testing (ImmunoCAP ISAC-112,) for identification of the full spectrum of allergens with subsequent assessment of allergenic molecules as triggering allergens and shows serious difficulties in the elaboration of recommendations on a personalised diet that should be adequate and safe for a child with a history of recurrent episodes of food-induced anaphylaxis.Анафилаксия – острое жизнеугрожающее состояние, затрагивающее несколько систем организма, которое может развиться мгновенно и привести к фатальному исходу. Основными провоцирующими факторами развития анафилактических реакций в детском возрасте являются пищевые аллергены. При выраженной гиперчувствительности к одному пищевому аллергену возникают сложности для семьи в плане замены виновного продукта. Наличие же пищевой анафилаксии к большому числу пищевых аллергенов – это серьезная проблема для врача и семьи пациента по организации полноценного и безопасного питания ребенка. В реальной жизни обязательная рекомендация для пациента – придерживаться жестких правил элиминационной диеты с исключением причинно-значимого аллергена и всех перекрестных с ним аллергенов – зачастую становится просто невыполнимой. Серьезный риск возникновения новых аллергических реакций существует при случайном попадании в организм аллергенов-триггеров из-за неоднозначности маркировки пищевых продуктов при изготовлении этикеток на продуктах питания. Цель работы: представить клинический случай, демонстрирующий важность проведения компонентного аллергологического обследования (ISAC-112, ImmunoCAP) для выявления полного спектра аллергенов с дальнейшей оценкой аллергенных молекул как аллергенов-триггеров и раскрывающий серьезные трудности в разработке рекомендаций по индивидуальной лечебной диете, которая должна быть полноценной и безопасной для ребенка с повторными эпизодами пищевой анафилаксии в анамнезе

АТОПИЧЕСКИЙ ДЕРМАТИТ У ДЕТЕЙ: НАЛИЧИЕ СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКИХ АНТИТЕЛ К СУПЕРАНТИГЕНАМ STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS И ЕГО АНТИБИОТИКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТЬ

Background. Staphylococcus aureus function in atopic dermatitis (AD) children skin is double-handed: an infectious trigger and an allergen. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of S. aureus enterotoxins the IgE in children with infected AD skin and to compare the IgE levels with antibiotic resistance of S. aureus. Methods: specific IgE to S. aureus enterotoxins A and B (ImmunoCap, Phadia AB, Sweden) were detected in the serum of 90 children infected with AD. The IgE levels were compared with the resistance to antibiotics (McNemar test and 95% confidential intervals of related frequencies). Results: specific IgE > 0,35 kUA/l to S. aureus enterotoxin A were found with a frequency of 0,29; to enterotoxin B — 0,36; to at least one of them — 0,43. The number of children with IgE > 0,35 kUA/l and S. aureus resistant to antibiotics was about 1/3 of the number of children with IgE < 0,35 kUA/l and S. aureus sensitive to antibiotics (р < 0,001). S. aureus in children with IgE > 0,35 kUA/l remained sensitive to oxacillin. Conclusion. In children infected with AD S. aureus enterotoxins A or/and B are revealed in 25–50% of cases. Specific IgE levels to S. aureus enterotoxins are similar in antibiotic resistant and antibiotic sensitive S. aureus skin swabs — about 30%. The IgE level to enterotoxins of S. aureus and its antibiotic resistance don't seem to be conditioned by each other.Актуальность. Наличие атопии создает условия для функционирования Staphylococcus aureus не только в качестве триггера инфекционного процесса, но и в качестве аллергена. Цель работы — оценить частоту выявления специфических IgE к энтеротоксинам S. aureus кожи детей с атопическим дерматитом (АтД), осложненным вторичным инфицированием кожи, и сопоставить наличие IgE с антибиотикорезистентностью S. aureus. Пациенты и методы. Обследовано 90 детей с АтД, осложненным вторичным инфицированием кожи. Специфические IgE-антитела к энтеротоксинам А и В  S. aureus определяли иммунохемилюминесцентным методом (ImmunoCap, Phadia AB, Швеция). Оценивали взаимосвязь наличия IgE к энтеротоксинам S. aureus с его антибиотикорезистентностью (критерий МакНемара, 95% доверительные интервалы относительных частот). Результаты. Специфические IgE к энтеротоксину А обнаружены с частотой 0,29, к энтеротоксину В — 0,36, хотя бы к одному из них — 0,43. Количество детей с наличием специфических IgE и устойчивыми к антибиотикам штаммами S. aureus составляло 1/3 количества детей с отсутствием IgE и чувствительными штаммами S. aureus (р < 0,001). Заключение. У детей с АтД, осложненным вторичной инфекцией, энтеротоксины А и/или В S. aureus обнаруживаются в 25–50% наблюдений. Частота выявления IgE к энтеротоксинам S. aureus одинакова у штаммов с различной антибиотикорезистентностью и составляет 30%. Взаимной опосредованности антибиотикорезистентности S. aureus и выработки специфических IgE-антител к его энтеротоксинам не выявлено

Care of patients with inborn errors of immunity in thirty J Project countries between 2004 and 2021

IntroductionThe J Project (JP) physician education and clinical research collaboration program was started in 2004 and includes by now 32 countries mostly in Eastern and Central Europe (ECE). Until the end of 2021, 344 inborn errors of immunity (IEI)-focused meetings were organized by the JP to raise awareness and facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of patients with IEI.ResultsIn this study, meeting profiles and major diagnostic and treatment parameters were studied. JP center leaders reported patients’ data from 30 countries representing a total population of 506 567 565. Two countries reported patients from JP centers (Konya, Turkey and Cairo University, Egypt). Diagnostic criteria were based on the 2020 update of classification by the IUIS Expert Committee on IEI. The number of JP meetings increased from 6 per year in 2004 and 2005 to 44 and 63 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The cumulative number of meetings per country varied from 1 to 59 in various countries reflecting partly but not entirely the population of the respective countries. Altogether, 24,879 patients were reported giving an average prevalence of 4.9. Most of the patients had predominantly antibody deficiency (46,32%) followed by patients with combined immunodeficiencies (14.3%). The percentages of patients with bone marrow failure and phenocopies of IEI were less than 1 each. The number of patients was remarkably higher that those reported to the ESID Registry in 13 countries. Immunoglobulin (IgG) substitution was provided to 7,572 patients (5,693 intravenously) and 1,480 patients received hematopoietic stem cell therapy (HSCT). Searching for basic diagnostic parameters revealed the availability of immunochemistry and flow cytometry in 27 and 28 countries, respectively, and targeted gene sequencing and new generation sequencing was available in 21 and 18 countries. The number of IEI centers and experts in the field were 260 and 690, respectively. We found high correlation between the number of IEI centers and patients treated with intravenous IgG (IVIG) (correlation coefficient, cc, 0,916) and with those who were treated with HSCT (cc, 0,905). Similar correlation was found when the number of experts was compared with those treated with HSCT. However, the number of patients treated with subcutaneous Ig (SCIG) only slightly correlated with the number of experts (cc, 0,489) and no correlation was found between the number of centers and patients on SCIG (cc, 0,174).Conclusions1) this is the first study describing major diagnostic and treatment parameters of IEI care in countries of the JP; 2) the data suggest that the JP had tremendous impact on the development of IEI care in ECE; 3) our data help to define major future targets of JP activity in various countries; 4) we suggest that the number of IEI centers and IEI experts closely correlate to the most important treatment parameters; 5) we propose that specialist education among medical professionals plays pivotal role in increasing levels of diagnostics and adequate care of this vulnerable and still highly neglected patient population; 6) this study also provides the basis for further analysis of more specific aspects of IEI care including genetic diagnostics, disease specific prevalence, newborn screening and professional collaboration in JP countries