Eficiencia técnica en los sistemas de producción ganadera bovina del noreste de la provincia de La Pampa

Livestock farms in the northeast of La Pampa were c1assified according to their productivity by using a technical efficiency indexoThis objective was achieved, calculating in the first place , the function of production using a lineal regression model with explanatory variables, such as acres of green onion, acres of pasture, total number of animals and costs of supplementation; then the production frontier was calculated.The technical efficiency index (IET) relates the observed value with the potential valué,according to the fol/owing equation IET =VONF = y/yf. Farms were c1assified into high, medium and low efficiency, according the IET. Linking farms by its size (area) and efficiency, the largest number of the same, are observed (16 above 56) .Final/y, with the explanatory variables by univariate ANOVA, farms were distinguished and concluded that the cost of supplementation was the only explanatory of efficiency variable.Livestock farms in the northeast of La Pampa were classified according to their productivity by using a technical efficiency index.This objective was achieved, calculating in the first place, the function of production using a lineal regression model with explanatory variables, such as acres of green onion, acres of pasture, total number of animals and costs of supplementation; then the production frontier was calculated.The technical efficiency index (IET) relates the observed value with the potential value, according to the following equation IET =VO/VF = y/yf. Farms were classified into high, medium and low efficiency, according the IET. Linking farms by its size (area) and efficiency, the largest number of the same, are observed (16 above 56). Finally, with the explanatory variables by univariate ANOVA, farms were distinguished and concluded that the cost of supplementation was the only explanatory of efficiency variable

A unique midgut-associated bacterial community hosted by the cave beetle \u3cem\u3eCansiliella servadeii\u3c/em\u3e (Coleoptera: Leptodirini) reveals parallel phylogenetic divergences from universal gut-specific ancestors

Background Cansiliella servadeii (Coleoptera) is an endemic troglobite living in deep carbonate caves in North-Eastern Italy. The beetle constantly moves and browses in its preferred habitat (consisting in flowing water and moonmilk, a soft speleothem colonized by microorganisms) self-preens to convey material from elytra, legs, and antennae towards the mouth. We investigated its inner and outer microbiota using microscopy and DNA-based approaches. Results Abundant microbial cell masses were observed on the external appendages. Cansiliella’s midgut is fully colonized by live microbes and culture-independent analyses yielded nearly 30 different 16S phylotypes that have no overlap with the community composition of the moonmilk. Many of the lineages, dominated by Gram positive groups, share very low similarity to database sequences. However for most cases, notwithstanding their very limited relatedness with existing records, phylotypes could be assigned to bacterial clades that had been retrieved from insect or other animals’ digestive traits. Conclusions Results suggest a history of remote separation from a common ancestor that harboured a set of gut-specific bacteria whose functions are supposedly critical for host physiology. The phylogenetic and coevolutionary implications of the parallel occurrences of these prokaryotic guilds appear to apply throughout a broad spectrum of animal diversity. Their persistence and conservation underlies a possibly critical role of precise bacterial assemblages in animal-bacteria interactions

cave hygropetric beetles and their feeding behaviour a comparative study of cansiliella servadeii and hadesia asamo coleoptera leiodidae cholevinae leptodirini

Several Leptodirini beetles (Leiodidae) are known to dwell in hygropetric habitats where films of water run down the cave walls, but observations of their behaviour are lacking. The ultra- specialised hygropetricolous beetles belonging to the genera Cansiliella and Hadesia are biogeographically and phylogenetically unrelated leptodirines. As the species of the former genus are known to be associated with the moonmilk deposits our study aimed to obtain data on their foraging behaviour, as well as to compare the feeding strategies of both genera. In situ monitoring of C. servadeii from the cave Grotta della Foos (Italy) and H. asamo from Bravenik Cave (Bosnia and Herzegovina), was complemented by video recordings to ensure accurate results. Mouthparts and tarsi of both species were examined using scanning electron microscopy and compared with H. weiratheri from Montenegro to evaluate potential morphological adaptations to the hygropetricolous ecological niches. The three species had significantly different mouthpart morphologies, likely due to differences in semi-aquatic feeding strategies and overall ecology. A series of new observations on site movement and feeding behaviour are presented, compared and discussed. Key words: Coleoptera, ecology, behaviour, moonmilk, cave hygropetric. Primerjava jamskih higropetricnih hroscev in njihovegaprehranjevanja; Cansiliella servadeii in Hadesia asamo (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini) Stevilni hrosci iz poddružine Leptodirinae (Leiodidae) so prilagojeni na življenje v posebnem habitatu »jamskem higropetriku «, t.j. tankem sloju tekoce vode, ki tece po sigi. Zaenkrat je njihovo vedenje se precejsnja neznanka. Visoko specializirani higropetricni vrsti Cansiliella servadeii in Hadesia asamo sta geografsko loceni in filogenetsko nesorodni. Ker je prva ocitno vezana na depozite mehke sige (t.i. jamsko mleko), smo želeli raziskati iskanje hrane pri tej vrsti ter primerjati strategijo hranjenja obeh vrst. Da bi povecali zanesljivost rezultatov, smo poleg in situ opazovanja C. servadeii iz jame Grotta della Foos (Italija) in H. asamo iz jame Bravenik (Bosna in Hercegovina), njuno vedenje tudi posneli. Z vrsticnim elektronskim mikroskopom smo raziskali obustne okoncine in stopalca obeh vrst in jih primerjali s H. weiratheri iz Crne gore, da bi preverili potencialne morfoloske prilagoditve na specificno ekolosko niso. Bistvene razlike v zgradbi ustnega aparata so najverjetneje posledica razlik v strategiji hranjenja, kot tudi razlicne splosne ekologije omenjenih vrst. V prispevku predstavljamo, primerjamo in razpravljamo o novih opažanjih povezanih z gibanjem in prehranjevanjem higropetricnih hroscev. Kljucne besede: Coleoptera, ekologija, vedenje, jamsko mleko, jamski higropetrik

Optimización de producciones complementarias y competitivas en el noreste de la provincia de La Pampa

A sample of fifty six (56) farms of fattening of cows was analyzed in Quemú- Quemú department with the objective to establish the global, asignative and Farrell efficiency. The function of production and cost was decided at first, two functions of kind Cobb-Douglas, obtaining (R2) above than 90% were proposed in every case. From the function Cobb-Douglas, the absolute frontier of Greene and the middle functions of Marschak-Andrews were determinate, establishing the indexes of technical efficiency (IET, IECT) and technological efficiency (IdD). The indexes related at first were determinate, to establish the global and asignative efficiency, from the location index (IdL). After and from the IdL values the farms by levels were assembled, to establish curves of levels related to the production function (isocuantas) and cost function (isocostes); the difference between levels indicate the level of global and assignative efficiency of the farms. At last the opinion about assignative and global efficiency was intercepted with the objective to establish a classification of the farms, according to Farrel's methodology. These analyses allow concluding about the heterogeneity of the system, establishing three subsystems of pastoral characteristic but with different technological levels, named as: competitive, pre-competitive and non-competitiveSe analizó una muestra de 56 explotaciones de bovinos de engorde (invernada) del departamento Quemú-Quemú a fin de establecer la eficiencia global, asignativa y de Farrell de las mismas. En primer lugar se determinó la función de producción y de costes; para ello se proponen dos funciones tipo Cobb-Douglas obteniendo unos coeficientes de determinación (R2) superiores al 90% en cada caso. A partir de las funciones Cobb-Douglas se determina la frontera absoluta de Greene y la función media de Marschak-Andrews, estableciendo los índices de eficiencia técnica (IET, IECT) y eficiencia tecnológica (IdD) correspondientes. Una vez determinados los índices referidos anteriormente se establece la eficiencia global y asignativa definiendo para ello el índice de localización o competitividad (IdL).Posteriormente y a partir de los valores del IdL se agrupan las explotaciones por niveles estableciendo curvas de nivel respecto a la función de producción (isocuantas) y de costes (isocostes); la variación entre niveles marca el nivel de eficiencia global y asignativa de las explotaciones. En último término se cruzan los criterios de eficiencia global y asignativa a fin de establecer una clasificación de explotaciones según la metodología de Farrell. Estos análisis permiten concluir sobre la heterogeneidad del sistema estableciendo tres subsistemas de características pastoriles pero con diferentes niveles tecnológicos, denominándose: competitivo, pre-competitivo y no-competitiv

A New foodweb based on microbes in calcitic caves: The Cansiliella (Beetles) case in Northern Italy

The troglobitic beetle, Cansiliella servadeii (Leptodirini), has specialized mouthparts modified for browsing and feeding under percolating water on moonmilk, a speleothem formation in Grotta della Foos, Italy. Results from analyses of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen suggest thatacquires and assimilates dissolved allochthonous organic carbon, inorganic nitrogen, and possibly phosphorus and other nutrients from the microbial fauna associated with moonmilk

A New foodweb based on microbes in calcitic caves: The Cansiliella (Beetles) case in Northern Italy

The troglobitic beetle, Cansiliella servadeii percolating water on moonmilk, a speleothem formation in Grotta della Foos, Italy. Results from analyses of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen suggest that acquires and assimilates dissolved allochthonous organic carbon, inorganic nitrogen, and possibly phosphorus and other nutrients from the microbial fauna associated with moonmilk

Comparative microbial community composition from secondary carbonate (moonmilk) deposits: implications for the \u3ci\u3eCansiliella servadeii\u3c/i\u3e cave hygropetric food web

The microbial diversity of moonmilk, a hydrated calcium carbonate speleothem, was evaluated from two Italian caves to provide context for the food web of highly-specialized troglobitic beetles, Cansiliella spp. (Leptodirinae), with distinctive carbon and nitrogen isotope values indicative of a novel food source. The moonmilk and associated percolating waters had low to no extractable chlorophyll, with an average organic C:N ratio of 9, indicating limited allochthonous input and a significant contribution from microbial biomass. The biomass from moonmilk was estimated to be ~104 micro- and meiofaunal individuals per m2 and ~107 microbial cells/ml. Betaproteobacteria dominated the 16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from the moonmilk from both caves. The distribution of other proteobacterial classes and phyla in the moonmilk were statistically similar to each other, even though the two caves are geographically separated from each other. Comparing the moonmilk gene sequences to sequences from previously described environmental clones or cultured strains revealed the uniqueness of the moonmilk habitat, as ~15% of all of the moonmilk sequences were more closely related to each other than to sequences retrieved from any other habitat. However, comparative analyses confirmed that as much as ~34% of the clones sequences were also closely related to environmental clones and cultured strains derived from soil and freshwater habitats, which is likely due to the fact that the putative inoculation source for the moonmilk bacterial communities is from overlying soil and percolating fluids from the surface. Prior to our studies of Cansiliella spp., moonmilk has not been considered a food source for cave animals. Our findings provide unique insight into moonmilk microbial diversity that could reveal the underpinnings of the moonmilk carbon and nitrogen cycle that influences the isotopic composition and the morphological adaptations of the troglobitic beetles associated with the moonmilk

Comparative microbial community composition from secondary carbonate (moonmilk) deposits: implications for the Cansiliella servadeii cave hygropetric food web

The microbial diversity of moonmilk, a hydrated calcium carbonate speleothem, was evaluated from two Italian caves to provide context for the food web of highly-specialized troglobitic beetles, Cansiliella spp. (Leptodirinae), with distinctive carbon and nitrogen isotope values indicative of a novel food source. The moonmilk and associated percolating waters had low to no extractable chlorophyll, with an average organic C:N ratio of 9, indicating limited allochthonous input and a significant contribution from microbial biomass. The biomass from moonmilk was estimated to be ~104 micro- and meiofaunal individuals per m2 and ~107 microbial cells/ml. Proteobacteria dominated the 16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from the moonmilk from both caves. The distribution of other proteobacterial classes and phyla in the moonmilk were statistically similar to each other, even though the two caves are geographically separated from each other. Comparing the moonmilk gene sequences to sequences from previously described environmental clones or cultured strains revealed the uniqueness of the moonmilk habitat, as ~15% of all of the moonmilk sequences were more closely related to each other than to sequences retrieved from any other habitat. However, comparative analyses confirmed that as much as ~34% of the clones sequences were also closely related to environmental clones and cultured strains derived from soil and freshwater habitats, which is likely due to the fact that the putative inoculation source for the moonmilk bacterial communities is from overlying soil and percolating fluids from the surface. Prior to our studies of Cansiliella spp., moonmilk has not been considered a food source for cave animals. Our findings provide unique insight into moonmilk microbial diversity that could reveal the underpinnings of the moonmilk carbon and nitrogen cycle that influences the isotopic composition and the morphological adaptations of the troglobitic beetles associated with the moonmilk

DNA barcoding of the Italian anecic Octodrilus species in rural (vineyard) and forested areas with description of Octodrilus zicsiniello sp. nov. (Clitellata, Megadrili)

Csuzdi, Csaba, Szederjesi, Tímea, Marchán, Daniel Fernández, Sosa, Irene De, Gavinelli, Federico, Dorigo, Luca, Pamio, Alberto, Dreon, Angelo Leandro, Fusaro, Silvia, Moretto, Enzo, Paoletti, Maurizio Guido (2018): DNA barcoding of the Italian anecic Octodrilus species in rural (vineyard) and forested areas with description of Octodrilus zicsiniello sp. nov. (Clitellata, Megadrili). Zootaxa 4496 (1): 43-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.