Kajian Karakter Ketahanan terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan pada Beberapa Genotipe Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.)

The research was aimed to study the response of oil palm seedlings to drought stress and to determine characters which would be useful in selection for drought resistance. This research was conducted at PT Dami Mas Sejahtera field station and SMART Research Institute laboratory Libo, Riau from April to August 2005. The research was arranged in split plot design with two factors in randomized block design. The main plot was soil water content, i.e. 100%FC/field capacity : 24+1%; 75%FC : 18+1%; 50%FC : 12+1%; and 25%FC : 6+1%, whereas the subplot was four genotypes: G1: 635xAP.01, G2: 635x742.316, G3:15x742.316 and G4: 15xAP.01. The result showed that only soil water content as low as 25%FC could significantly inhibit seedling growth, as indicated by reduction of leave water content, shoot and root dry weight, seedling height, root length and volume; and an increase of water deficit. Soil water content ranging from 50-100% FC did not give any significant effect. Based on the physiological responds, G1 and G3 were relatively more resistant to drought stress than G2 and G4. Leaf water content was the easiest, cheapest, fastest and non-destructive variable to be used for early selection of drought resistant oil palm seedlings

Can We Produce True Seed of Shallot (TSS) from Small Size Shallot Sets?

The Indonesian government has been promoting the use of true seed of shallot (TSS) for shallot production due to its higher productivity potentials and greatly reduced risk of disease transfer. This research was conducted at Leuwikopo experimental station, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, West Java, Indonesia, in 2015. The aim of the research was to study TSS production from small size shallot sets “Bima Brebes”, an easy to flower shallot cultivar.  The trial was arranged in a completely randomized block design with two factors; BAP concentration i.e. 50, 100 150, 200 ppm as the first factor and the sizes of mother bulbs, i.e. small (3-4 g) and medium (5-10 g), as the second factor. The results showed that the vegetative growth of plants from the two bulb sizes were similar. TSS production and TSS quality from small size (3-4 g) bulbs was also comparable to that of medium size shallot set, except for 1000 seeds weight in which medium size mother bulb produced heavier 1000-seeds weight than that of small size shallot set. Therefore small size shallot set can potentially be useful for TSS production.

Pengaruh Ketinggian Tempat Terhadap Pembungaan, Produksi, Dan Mutu Benih Botani Bawang Merah

Kendala produksi benih bawang merah (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) asal biji atau TSS di dataran rendah adalah rendahnya persentase pembungaan dan pembentukan biji (seed-set).Untuk meningkatkan pembentukan biji, bawang merah memerlukan suhu 17–19oC. Di Indonesia, suhu udara tersebut hanya terdapat di dataran tinggi>1.000 m dpl.. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) Lembang (1.250 m dpl.) dan di Kebun Percobaan Paseh Subang (100 m dpl.) yang sekaligus merupakan perlakuan percobaan. Penelitian dimulai dari bulan Agustus 2011 sampai Agustus 2012. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari pembungaan, viabilitas serbuk sari, produksi, dan mutu benih TSS di dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah. Pengujian viabilitas serbuk sari serta mutu benih dilakukan di Laboratorium Benih Balitsa Lembang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pembungaan dan produksi biji di dataran tinggi lebih besar daripada di dataran rendah, sebaliknya mutu benih yang dihasilkan di dataran rendah lebih baik daripada di dataran tinggi. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah dataran tinggi sangat potensial untuk pengembangan produksi biji bawang merah, di mana biji bawang merah dapat menghasilkan umbi bibit yang jauh lebih baik daripada umbi bibit yang beredar di pasar

Pengaruh Benzilaminopurin Dan Boron Terhadap Pembungaan, Viabilitas Serbuk Sari, Produksi, Dan Mutu Benih Bawang Merah Di Dataran Rendah

Biji botani atau TSS (true shallots seed) merupakan salah satu sumber benih bawang merah yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan perbanyakan. Selama ini produksi TSS dilakukan di dataran tinggi. Dataran rendah dengan suhu yang tinggi tidak sesuai untuk menghasilkan pembungaan, namun ada indikasi bahwa dataran rendah menghasilkan pembentukan dan mutu benih TSS yang lebih baik dibandingkan dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk memproduksi benih bawang merah (TSS) di dataran rendah melalui peningkatan pembungaan dan viabilitas serbuk sari menggunakan BAP dan boron. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Wera, Subang, Jawa Barat (ketinggian 100 m dpl.), dari Bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2012. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu aplikasi benzilaminopurin atau BAP (0, 50, 100, 150, dan 200 ppm) dan boron (0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 kg/ha). Aplikasi BAP diberikan tiga kali pada umur 1, 3, dan 5 minggu setelah tanam (MST), dan boron pada umur 3, 5, dan 7 MST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian BAP dapat meningkatkan pembungaan dan viabilitas serbuk sari bawang merah, tetapi tidak meningkatkan produksi dan mutu benih TSS di dataran rendah Subang. Aplikasi BAP konsentrasi 50 ppm yang diaplikasikan pada umur 1, 3, dan 5 MST cukup memadai untuk meningkatkan pembungaan bawang merah di dataran rendah Subang. Sementara boron tidak memperbaiki tingkat pembungaan maupun produksi dan mutu benih TSS. Boron 4 kg/ha hanya dapat memperbaiki viabilitas serbuk sari bawang merah. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa ada peluang untuk memperbaiki tingkat pembungaan yang lebih tinggi di dataran rendah, sedangkan tantangannya ialah peningkatan pembentukan kapsul/buah dan biji TSS

Penyimpanan Serbuk Sari Jagung dan Potensinya untuk Produksi Benih Hibrida

Production of maize hybrid seed is hindered by relatively poor production by the male line pollen; short live of the pollen which was ascribed to desiccation and dehydration sensitive and flowering asynchrony between male and female lines. The aims of this study were to enhance production and viability of male line pollen and also to determine the suitable storage condition for maintaining pollen viability in order to be used for production of hybrid seed. The research consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was arranged in split plot randomized block design with NPK dosages as main plot (0, 300, 600, 900 kg ha-1) and application of boron as sub-plot (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 kg ha-1), replicated three times. The second experiment used randomized block design with two factors, i.e. storage temperature (-196 oC and -20 oC) and storage period (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks). The result showed that NPK 900 kg ha-1 increased the number of spike per tassel from 9.3 to 10.7. Application of NPK 600 kg ha-1 or boron 1.5 kg ha-1 improved pollen viability. Combination of NPK 900 kg ha-1 and boron 6 kg ha-1 resulted in the highest pollen viability of 95.3%. Pollen after being stored for four weeks either in -196 ºC or -20 ºC was possible to be used for seed production with 20% seed set

Reproductive success and compatibility among accessions of Jatropha curcas in Indonesia

Large scale exploitation of Jatropha curcas for biofuelproduction is restrained by low productivity henceeconomically not protable. One of the main constraintsis due to limited number of female owers in aninorescence which eventually develop into fruits thatbear seed. Investigation on oral biology andreproductive potential of the species had been carriedout, but seems to vary among sites. The research wasconducted to study reproductive success and thecompatibility among Indonesian Jatropha accessions.The research was set up in two experiments. The rstexperiment was conducted at the Jatropha seedorchard, Pakuwon, Sukabumi, West Java from April toJuly 2007 using four-year- old trees of accessions fromLampung, Banten, West Java, and Central Java. Thesecond experiment was conducted at LeuwikopoExperimental Station of Bogor Agricultural Universityfrom April to July 2008 using one-year-old trees ofaccessions from Lampung, Bengkulu, Palembang, andKediri. Flowers were obtained from controlled self andcross-pollinated as well as left for open-pollination. Theresult showed that reproductive success varied amongaccessions; the greatest success was 0.73 obtainedfrom aWest Java accession and the least was 0.53 fromBanten accession. The Jatropha accessions werecategorized as partially self-incompatible as indicatedby index of self-incompatibility (ISI) that ranged 0.93-0.99. Banten accession produced highly viable andvigorous seeds regardless of pollination methods;accessions of Central Java produced higher viabilityseeds when cross-pollinated within accession, whereasthose from West Java and Lampung produced higherviability seeds when self-pollinated.Keywords: accessions, Jatropha curcas, selfpollination,self-incompatibility, seedviabilit