Impact of data from recent clinical trials on strategies for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) secondary to hyperglycemia’s toxicity to blood vessels. The escalating incidence of CVD among patients with type 2 diabetes has prompted research into how lowering glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) may improve CVD-related morbidity and mortality. Data from recent studies have shown that some patients with type 2 diabetes actually have increased mortality after achieving the lowest possible HbA1c using intensive antidiabetes treatment. Multiple factors, such as baseline HbA1c, duration of diabetes, pancreatic β-cell decline, presence of overweight/obesity, and the pharmacologic durability of antidiabetes medications influence diabetes treatment plans and therapeutic results. Hypertension and dyslipidemia are common comorbidities in patients with type 2 diabetes, which impact the risk of CVD independently of glycemic control. Consideration of all of these risk factors provides the best option for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Based on the results of recent trials, the appropriate use of current antidiabetes therapies can optimize glycemic control, but use of intensive glucose-lowering therapy will need to be tailored to individual patient needs and risks

Self-regulation in a stochastic model of chemical self-replication

In this article, we provide an analysis of noise propagation in a stochastic minimal model of chemical self-replication, where a given species can duplicate itself normally. A feedback from the end product on the source, acting as an inhibitor transcription factor, is considered. Stochasticity involves the intrinsic noise affecting gene expression, which is assumed to happen in bursts. The use of a stochastic approach is a novelty within such a framework. The investigation involves the role of the feedback: how it impacts noise attenuation with respect to different modeling choices of stochastic transcription, and with respect to different strengths of the feedback action. The quantification of noise propagation is measured by means of the so called metabolic noise, that is, the coefficient of variation of the end product. Computations are carried out numerically, according to the stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) properly adapted for the proposed stochastic hybrid systems, as well as analytically: the latter has been achieved by exploiting the linear approximation of the nonlinear terms involved, since otherwise there are no closed loop solutions for the first- and second-order moments. In such a way, noise propagation may be linked to the model parameters, with the SSA aiming at validating the approximated formulas. Results confirm the noise reduction paradigm with feedback

The state observer as a tool for the estimation of gene expression

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Geology of the Shakespeare quadrangle (H03), Mercury

By using images acquired by the Mercury dual imaging system (MDIS) on-board the MESSENGER spacecraft during 2008–2015 and available DTMs, a new 1:3,000,000-scale geological map of the Shakespeare quadrangle of Mercury has been compiled. The quadrangle is located between latitudes 22.5°–65.0°N and longitudes 270.0°–180.0°E and covers an area of about 5 million km2. The mapping was based on photo-interpretation performed on a reference monochromatic basemap of reflectance at 166 m/pixel resolution. The geological features were digitized within a geographic information system with a variable mapping scale between 1:300,000 and 1:600,000. This quadrangle is characterized by the occurrence of three main types of plains materials and four basin materials (pertaining to the Caloris basin), whose geologic boundaries have been here redefined compared to the previous map of the quadrangle. The stratigraphic relationships between the craters were based on three main degradation morphologies. Furthermore, previously unmapped tectonic landforms were detected and interpreted as thrusts or wrinkle ridges

Polynomial Approach for Filtering and Identification of a Class of Uncertain Systems

Abstract this paper considers the filtering and identification problems for a class of discrete-time uncertain stochastic systems that admit a finite number of linear working modes. It is shown here that this class of uncertain systems can be modeled by using a suitably defined extended system, whose state evolves according to a bilinear model. A polynomial filtering algorithm is derived for such extended system, which readily provides the polynomial estimates of both the original state and the working mode. Simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the improvements with respect to standard linear filtering algorithms

Il problema dell'interazione fluido-strutura nella modellazione del comportamento dinamico delle dighe

[IT] II problema in oggetto può essere formulato, come ben noto, a diversi livelli di complessità (e di “completezza” per quanto attiene alia rappresentatività física dei modelli proposti). Ciò è attestato dai numerosissimi contributi in proposito, a partire dal classico approccio “alla Westergaard” (v. concetto di “masse aggiunte”, Westergaard,1993) con fondo del serbatoio rígido (approccio nel quale, al livello più elementare, si assume anche I’ ipotesi di rigidità della struttura e di incomprimibilità del fluido), per arrivare alle formulazioni più recenti in cui si tiene conto, separatamente [8] o congiuntamente, della deformabilità della struttura, della comprimibilità del fluido e della deformabilità del fondo del serbatoio; formulazioni nelle quali in genere il concetto di “masse aggiunte” non è più valido (o va modificato profundamente, ad es. Rendendo tali “masse “ quantità complesse anzichè reali efunzioni della frequenza anzichè costanti). Assai spesso interessa in primo luogo identificare i modi naturali (smorzati o no) di vibrazione della diga, considerata come un sistema elástico lineare, ed in tal caso il problema è direttamente formulato in termini di oscillazioni armoniche (eventualmente con smorzamento: moto “pseudo-armonico”); la risposta ad eccilazioni non periodiche in campo lineare viene allora ricoslruita attraverso la nota tecnica dell’analisi modale.Fanelli, M.; Palumbo, P. (1998). Il problema dell'interazione fluido-strutura nella modellazione del comportamento dinamico delle dighe. Ingeniería del Agua. 5(2):51-62. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.1998.2749SWORD516252Antes H., von Estorff, G., (1987) Analysis of absorption effects on the dynamic response of dam-reservoir systems by boundary element methods, Earthquake Eng. Str. Dyn. Vol. 15Fanelli M., (1990) Rapid preliminary analysis of arch dams: The Ritter method revisited, Dam Engineering. Vol.I, Issue 2Fanelli M., Fanelli A., (1992) Optimal proportioning of archgravity dams: the automatic generation of a simplified starting geometry, Dam Engineering. Vol.III, Issue 4Fanelli M, Fanelli A., Salvaneschi R, (1993) A neural network approach to the definition of near optimal arch dam shape, Dam Engineering, Vol. IV, Issue 2;Fanelli M., Fanelli A., Bonetti R, (1994) Non linear analysis in the preliminary evaluation of arch dam design, Hydropower & Dams. Vol.I, Issue 6Fanelli M., Fanelli A., GalimbertiC., Palumbo, P. (1995) The role of the reservoir in the selsmic analysis of concrete dams, Hydropower & Dams. Vol. 11, Issue 6Fork., Chopra A.K., (1986) Earthquake analysis of arch dams including dam-water interaction, boundary absorption and foundation flexibility, Earth-quake Eng. Str. Dyn. Vol. 14Kashiwayanagi M., Ohmachi T., (1992) Observed effects of reservoir water ondynamic characteristics of an arch dam, Proceedings. International Symposium on Arch Dams. Univ. Press, Nanjing, ChinaProceedings of the Benchmark-Workshops on Numerical Analysis of Dams: Bergamo, May 1991; Bergamo, July 1992; Paris, September 1994; Madrid, September 1996Westergaard, H.M., (1993) Water pressures on dams during earthquakes, Transactions of ASCE, Vol. 98, 41

Study of Tailor Heat Treated Blanks Using the Fourier-series-based VFM

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