Combine use of Selected Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Lachancea thermotolerans Yeast Strains as an Alternative to the Traditional Malolactic Fermentation in Red Wine Production

Most red wines commercialized in the market use the malolactic fermentationprocess in order to ensure stability from a microbiological point of view. In this secondfermentation, malic acid is converted into L-lactic acid under controlled setups. Howeverthis process is not free from possible collateral effects that on some occasions produceoff-flavors, wine quality loss and human health problems. In warm viticulture regions suchas the south of Spain, the risk of suffering a deviation during the malolactic fermentationprocess increases due to the high must pH. This contributes to produce wines with highvolatile acidity and biogenic amine values. This manuscript develops a new red winemakingmethodology that consists of combining the use of two non-Saccharomyces yeast strains asan alternative to the traditional malolactic fermentation. In this method, malic acid is totallyconsumed by Schizosaccharomyces pombe, thus achieving the microbiological stabilizationobjective, while Lachancea thermotolerans produces lactic acid in order not to reduce andeven increase the acidity of wines produced from low acidity musts. This technique reducesthe risks inherent to the malolactic fermentation process when performed in warm regions.The result is more fruity wines that contain less acetic acid and biogenic amines than thetraditional controls that have undergone the classical malolactic fermentation

Sensorial repercussions of the formation of vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins

Using selected yeast, of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae specie, with hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase activity (HCDC+) we can transform anthocyanidin-3-O-glucosides from grapes into vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins. Saccaromyces cerevisiae don’t posses vinylphenol reductase activity (VPhR), however some yeast strains belonging to this specie are HCDC+. The selection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains HCDC+ with suitable fermentative and metabolic properties to red wine making allow us to stabilize the wine anthocyanins forming resistant pyranoanthocyanins. A relevant repercussion is that removing of hydroxycinnamic acids from musts we can avoid the formation of ethylphenols in red wine contaminated with the spoiling yeast Dekkera/Brettanomyces during barrel ageing. During in-vitro experiments we reduce notably the initial concentrations of 12 mg l-1 of p-coumaric acid, allowing can be below the detection limit in many vinifications

Innovación en la detección de Dekkera/Brettanomyces para vinos tintos

Existen en la actualidad diversos métodos empleados para la detección de Dekkera/Brettanomyces con numerosas ventajas de distinta índole pero no exentos de algunos inconvenientes, por lo que es necesario profundizar en la interpretación de los resultados de los mismos

Selected yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with glycolytic inefficiency and metabolic inhibitors to reduce alcoholic degree in vines from warm regions

n warm regions potential alcoholic degree and unequilibrated must, especially in acidity are real problems to be resolved. Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have different yields to produce ethanol from the same content of sugars. These peculiarities can be named glycolytic inefficiencies. We can select yeast strains with these properties in order to reduce the final alcoholic degree together with the production of some metabolic intermediates that can have repercussion in the sensorial profile like polyalcohols or organic acid

Effect of HHP and UHPH High-Pressure Techniques on the Extraction and Stability of Grape and Other Fruit Anthocyanins

Altres ajuts: MALTA CONSOLIDER TEAM Research Network RED2022-134388-TThe use of high-pressure technologies is a hot topic in food science because of the potential for a gentle process in which spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms can be eliminated; these technologies also have effects on the extraction, preservation, and modification of some constituents. Whole grapes or bunches can be processed by High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP), which causes poration of the skin cell walls and rapid diffusion of the anthocyanins into the pulp and seeds in a short treatment time (2-10 min), improving maceration. Grape juice with colloidal skin particles of less than 500 µm processed by Ultra-High Pressure Homogenization (UHPH) is nano-fragmented with high anthocyanin release. Anthocyanins can be rapidly extracted from skins using HHP and cell fragments using UHPH, releasing them and facilitating their diffusion into the liquid quickly. HHP and UHPH techniques are gentle and protective of sensitive molecules such as phenols, terpenes, and vitamins. Both techniques are non-thermal technologies with mild temperatures and residence times. Moreover, UHPH produces an intense inactivation of oxidative enzymes (PPOs), thus preserving the antioxidant activity of grape juices. Both technologies can be applied to juices or concentrates; in addition, HHP can be applied to grapes or bunches. This review provides detailed information on the main features of these novel techniques, their current status in anthocyanin extraction, and their effects on stability and process sustainability

Piranoantocianos vinilfenólicos en vinos tintos utilizando levaduras HCDC+.

Los piranoantocianos vinilfenólicos son aductos de elevada estabilidad, con interesantes propiedades para la mejora del color en vinos tintos, y que se forman por condensación entre ácidos hidroxicinámicos o sus respectivos vinilfenoles y antocianos procedentes de la uva. Inicialmente se pensaba que la única ruta de formación era exclusivamente química (Schwarz, 2003) en un lento proceso a partir de ácidos hidroxicinámicos, que inducía a cantidades muy pequeñas durante el periodo de envejecimiento de los vinos tintos y podían por tanto ser usadas como age-markers. Recientemente se ha demostrado (Morata et al, 2006 y 2007) que algunas cepas de Saccharomyces spp seleccionadas con alta actividad hidroxicinamato descarboxilasa (HCDC) pueden acelerar la formación de aductos vinilfenólicos durante la fermentación. Estas levaduras descarboxilan los ácidos fenólicos formando vinilfenoles de elevada reactividad que espontáneamente condensan con antocianos de la uva formando una gran variedad de aductos vinilfenólicos dependiendo del tipo de antociano y del ácido hidroxicinámico precursor. Cuantitativamente los derivados más importantes son los del malvidin-3-O-glucosido. Adicionando ácidos hidroxicinámicos a las muestras se verifica que el aducto que se forma en mayor cantidad es el malvidin-3-O-glucosido-4-vinilguaiacol, siendo además el que produce mayor incremento de la intensidad colorante reduciendo a su vez las tonalidades amarillas en vinos. La utilización de cepas de Saccharomyces HCDC+ con o sin adiciones de ácidos hidroxicinámicos, puede constituirse en una interesante herramienta para mejorar el color de vinos tintos

Detección de Dekkera / Ibrettanomyces en Vinos Tintos

Existen en la actualidad diversos métodos empleados para la detección de Dekkera/Brettanomyces con numerosas ventajas pero no exentos de inconvenientes tales como umbrales de detección, diferenciación entre células viables y muertas, carácter no preventivo, falsos positivos, tiempos de espera, evaluación insegura (por olfato humano o visual) y contaminaciones por hongos oportunistas. Con objeto de aportar soluciones a esta problemática se han combinado un medio selectivo-diferencial líquido y técnica HPLC/DAD con objeto de evaluar la “Actividad potencial hidroxicinamato descarboxilasa y vinilfenol reductasa existente en un vino”, mejorando algunos de los aspectos anteriores como la cuantificación de poblaciones pequeñas (1 ufc/50ml), trabajo con volúmenes grandes, y detección únicamente de células viables (verdaderas responsables de la formación de etilfenoles)

Reduction of 4-ethylphenol concentration using lyophilized yeast biomasses as bioadsorbent: influence on the anthocyanin contents and chromatic parameters

A new investigation trend, based on the parietal adsorption activity showed by yeast cellwalls, opens up the possibility to use yeast lees or derived products like inactive dry yeast preparations to reduce 4-ethylphenol concentrations in wines. These type of natural products entails an interesting eco-friendly alternative to common physical treatments. In this work the bioadsorption capacity of 4-ethylphenol of different wine yeast biomasses have been studied -Saccharomyces cerevisiae G37 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe 936-, in order to diminish the negative impact on the sensorial profile of this type of compound (Figure 1). the repercussions of this palliative treatment over the chromatic properties and anthocyanin concentration have also been studied by means of UV-Vis and HPLC-PDAD/ESI-MS analysi

Identifying yeats belonging to the Brettanomyces/Dekkera genera through the use of selective-differential media

The purpose of this work was to compare and optimise different selective and differential media to aid in isolating spoilage yeasts belonging to the Brettanomyces/Dekkera genera. Growth media containing selective and differential factors were employed. These were inoculated with strains of yeast representing Spanish oenological microbiota. Lastly, some of these isolation media were successfully applied in 24 types of wine with a high ethylphenol content, all of which were from the Haro Oenological Station (La Rioja, Spain). p-coumaric acid was determined using High performance liquid chromatography-photodiode-array detection-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS); 4-ethylphenol by using Solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS); and the rest of the analysis was carried out using official OIV methodology. Actidione is the most effective selective factor for isolating Brettanomyces/Dekkera yeast genera. Other secondary selective factors (selective carbon sources, sorbic acid and ethanol as a microbicide agent) may be used successfully to eliminate potential false positivities; however, they slow growth and delay the time to obtain results