Micromechanics of fully lamellar TiAl alloys

Fully lamellar gamma titanium aluminides are very promising materials for aerospace applications, due to their increased thrust-to-weight ratios and improved efficiency under aggressive environments at temperatures up to 750 ºC. For that reason, they are projected to replace the heavier Ni- base superalloys currently used for low pressure turbine (LPT) blades manufacturing. However, their ductility is limited due to their inherent anisotropy, associated to the lamellar microstructure. The objective of this work was to study the mechanical response of single colonies of polycrystalline γ-TiAl, as a function of layer thickness and layer orientation, and to relate this mechanical response with the operative deformation mechanisms. With this aim, micropillars with lamellae oriented at 0º, 45º and 90º with respect to the loading direction were compressed at room temperature and elevated temperature. The results revealed a large plastic anisotropy, that was rationalized, based on slip/twin trace analysis, according to the relative orientation of the main operative deformation modes with respect to the lamellar interfaces. Loading at 45º resulted in the activation of soft longitudinal deformation modes, where both the slip plane and the slip direction were parallel to the interfaces, and therefore, little interaction of dislocations with lamellar interfaces is expected. At 0º loading, deformation was mainly accommodated by harder mixed deformation modes (with an oblique slip plane but a slip direction parallel to the lamellar interfaces), although the lamellar interfaces seemed to be relatively transparent to slip transfer. On the contrary, 90º loading represented the hardest direction and deformation was accommodated by the activation of transverse deformation modes, confined to individual lamellae, together with longitudinal modes that were activated due to their softer nature, despite their very small Schmid factors. Finally, a thorough study of pillar size effects revealed that the results were insensitive to pillar size for dimensions above 5 mm. The results can therefore be successfully applied for developing mesoscale plasticity models that capture the micromechanics of fully lamellar TiAl microstructures at larger length scales Additionally, microtensile specimens were also milled out of single colonies and in-situ tested in the SEM, to study the role of interlamellar interfaces on the plastic deformation and fracture under tension. EBSD was used before and after the test to study the role of different type of interfaces (true twin, pseudo twin and order variant) on slip/twin transfer. This study emphasizes the complexity of the micromechanics of fully lamellar TiAl alloys, where the activation of different deformation modes is strongly affected, not only by the lamellar orientation, but also by the character of the interfaces between the different lamellae. References A.J. Palomares, M.T. Pérez-Prado, J.M. Molina-Aldareguia, Acta Mater. 123 (2017) 102-114 A.J. Palomares, I. Sabirov, M.T. Pérez-Prado, J.M. Molina-Aldareguia, Scripta Mater. 139 (2017) 17-2

The Teaching-Learning Process in the Classroom Using Smartphones: Challenges and Opportunities

[EN] The TASCA (Tools and Strategies for Competencies Assessment) group of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) is working towards integrating currently existing technological resources into the teaching-learning process, more specifically, into the immediate evaluation feedback in the classroom. There exist commercially available systems known as Audience Response Systems (ARS) that can be used with this purpose by maintaining interactivity between presenter and audience. However the most practical solution, financially speaking, would be to use connectivity devices that students themselves already own and usually have with them in the classroom (smartphones, tablets, and netbooks, among others), and taking advantage of the university's existing infrastructure providing secure and free internet connectivity. The goal of the group's current project is the development and utilization of a computer support that would make it possible for students to respond via their mobile devices to surveys or multiple-choice questions the professor presents in on-campus classes. The proposed approach benefits from the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) trend, which refers to employees using their own mobile devices to access company resources. The BYOD phenomenon is currently infiltrating various sectors of society and, not surprisingly, education is one of them.Publication financed by the Vicerrectorado de Estudios y Convergencia Europea [ViceChancellor’s Office for Research and European Convergence] at Universitat Politècnica de València through the PIME project (A09/12).Palomares Chust, A.; Andrés Martínez, DD.; Peña Cerdán, A.; Ruiz García, JC.; Ballester Server, JV.; Antonino Daviu, E.; Villavieja Llorente, C.... (2013). The Teaching-Learning Process in the Classroom Using Smartphones: Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Technologies in Learning. 19(3):151-170. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/45746S15117019

Integration of students out-of-class work in teaching-learning process

[EN] Out-of-Class Work (OCW) is a crucial part of students’ learning process. The continuous assessment of students’ OCW provides many opportunities to fix students’ mistakes and misunderstandings, while improving courses’ contents. Among many others, important aspects concerning OCW that are mostly ignored today in the evaluation process relate to: 1) how students hand over assignments and 2) the time they devote to each assignment. The Tools and Strategies for Competences Assessment (TASCA) is an Innovation and Quality Education Team of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). Its goal is to gather and analyze OCW information in order to obtain evidences of the degree of achievement of certain learning outcomes, improve students’ on-site learning experience and enrich the course evaluation process. Preliminary results show that the lack of adequate OCW supervision leads to situations where teachers underestimate (or overestimate) the complexity of assignments. This leads to a waste of time or overloads the student. Coordination among courses is of prime importance to adequate students’ work to avoid workload peaks. Moreover, there lack of relationship between the time devoted to tasks and the attained results lead to especial cases where despite the time invested in tasks resulting grades are low in general. This may reflect the fact that such tasks are poorly specified or are not adequately connected to courses’ contents. Finally, assessing the usefulness of tasks as perceived by students seems also mandatory attending to the impact that such perception has on students’ motivationThis work has been sponsored by Universitat Politècnica de Valencia’s projects PIME 008-A-2013 and PIME/2014/A/022/APalomares Chust, A.; Antonino Daviu, E.; Andrés Martínez, DD.; Gisbert Doménech, CM.; Peña Cerdán, A.; Ruiz García, JC.; Ballester Server, JV.... (2016). Integration of students out-of-class work in teaching-learning process. International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education. 7(1):2748-2754. https://doi.org/10.20533/ijcdse.2042.6364.2016.0374S274827547

Involvement of the PI3K/AKT Intracellular Signaling Pathway in the AntiCancer Activity of Hydroxytyrosol, a Polyphenol from Olea europaea, in Hematological Cells and Implication of HSP60 Levels in Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main representative of polyphenols of olive oil, has been described as one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, also showing anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective and anticancer activity in different type of cancers, but has been little studied in hematological neoplasms. The objective of this work was to evaluate the anticancer potential of HT in acute human leukemia T cells (Jurkat and HL60) and the anti-inflammatory potential in murine macrophages (Raw264.7). For this, cytotoxicity tests were performed for HT, showing IC50 values, at 24 h, for Jurkat, HL60 and Raw264.7 cells, of 27.3 mu g center dot mL(-1), 109.8 mu g center dot mL(-1) and 45.7 mu g center dot mL(-1), respectively. At the same time, HT caused cell arrest in G(0)/G(1) phase in both Jurkat and HL60 cells by increasing G(0)/G(1) phase and significantly decreasing S phase. Apoptosis and cell cycle assays revealed an antiproliferative effect of HT, decreasing the percentage of dividing cells and increasing apoptosis. Furthermore, HT inhibited the PI3K signaling pathway and, consequently, the MAPK pathway was activated. Inflammation tests revealed that HT acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, reducing NO levels in Raw264.7 cells previously stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These processes were confirmed by the changes in the expression of the main markers of inflammation and cancer. In conclusion, HT has an anticancer and anti-inflammatory effect in the cell lines studied, which were Raw264.7, Jurkat, and HL60, and could be used as a natural drug in the treatment of liquid cancers, leukemias, myelomas and lymphomas.General Secretariat of Universities, Research and Technology of the Ministry of Economy, Innovation, Science and Employment of the Government of the Junta de Andalucia, Spain BIO-15

Needle tract seeding and malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenoma into well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in a dog

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UABAn 11-year-old neutered female Golden Retriever was referred for investigation of marked increases in liver enzyme activities. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large pedunculated liver mass. Diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) was made when the mass was excised after a first unsuccessful attempt through ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy. One and a half years after presentation, a nodule embedded between muscles of the abdominal wall appeared. The mass was first diagnosed as a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through cytologic examination, which was later confirmed with histopathology. Ki 67 immunostaining of the abdominal wall nodule showed an increased immunoreactivity compared with the liver mass. Therefore, the present case documents the first needle-tract seeding of a hepatocellular epithelial tumor with possible malignant transformation of HCA into a well-differentiated HCC in a dog

Impulsando el uso de los repositorios institucionales de materiales didácticos multimedia de la UPV

[EN] The Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) is promoting the design and development of multimedia resources to be publicly offered under an open access policy through its institutional repository RiuNet (https://riunet.upv.es/). According to data collected from students enrolled in degrees from the areas of information and communication technologies, biotechnology, architecture and tourism, UPV students mainly use the slides professors make available through UPV’s learning management system: roughly 30% of the students ignore the existence of additional resources, more than 70% massively use YouTube to locate didactic videos, and around 50% of the students have used PoliBuscador or mediaUPV from time to time. This work presents the different actions that have been deployed, both among students and the general services of UPV, to improve, increase the visibility, and promote the use of RiuNet, UPV’s institutional repository[ES] La Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) promueve e incentiva el diseño y elaboración de materiales multimedia que deposita en el repositorio institucional RiuNet (https://riunet.upv.es/) y que están accesibles en abierto. De acuerdo a los datos obtenidos de alumnos pertenecientes a titulaciones de las áreas de tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, biotecnología, arquitectura y turismo, los alumnos hacen un uso prácticamente exclusivo de las transparencias/diapositivas que los profesores dejan a su disposición en la plataforma de gestión de la docencia de la UPV: alrededor del 30 % del alumnado desconoce la existencia de material adicional, más del 70 % hace uso masivo de YouTube para localizar vídeos con fines didácticos y alrededor del 50 % utiliza de forma esporádica PoliBuscador o mediaUPV. En este trabajo se presentan las diferentes actuaciones que se han desplegado, tanto entre los alumnos como entre los servicios generales de la UPV, con el fin de mejorar, dar conocer y promover el uso de RiuNet, el repositorio institucional de la UPV.Impulsando el uso de los repositorios institucionales de materiales didácticos multimedia de la UPV2018, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaCongreso IN-RED (2018).Se agradece a la UPV la financiación de los proyectos PIME/2016/A/029 (“Uso e impacto en la docencia universitaria del material didáctico multimedia-UPV”) y PIME/2017/A04 (“Impulsando el uso de los repositorios institucionales de materiales didácticos multimedia de la UPV entre el alumnado y el profesorado”).Andrés Martínez, DD.; Gisbert Domenech, MC.; Antonino Daviu, E.; Ruiz García, J.; Palomares Chust, A.; Peña Cerdán, A. (2018). Impulsando el uso de los repositorios institucionales de materiales didácticos multimedia de la UPV. En IN-RED 2018. IV Congreso Nacional de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1381-1391. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2018.2018.8618OCS1381139

¿Qué recursos didácticos conocen y usan nuestros alumnos?

[EN] The Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) is promoting for some years now, the design, elaboration and use of different multimedia learning materials, such as videos, screencasst and slide-based presentations. The goal is to support and encourage the out-of-class work of students. Although a lot of effort has been placed so far in improving the content of such materials, few research has been carried out on the use of such materials and its actual impact on the students’ learning process and academic performance. This research wants to determine the degree of awareness and relevance that students provide to the existence and use of this type of multimedia materials. The study will be focused on three different areas of expertise, such as those defined by the engineering, architecture and tourism domains. It will compare the importance for students of the different available materials at UPV with respect to other multimedia resources available on Internet.[ES] La Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) lleva ya unos años promoviendo e incentivando el diseño, elaboración y uso de distintos tipos de materiales multimedia, como videos explicativos, screencasts y presentaciones, con el objetivo de dinamizar el trabajo del alumno fuera del aula. Aunque muchos trabajos se han centrado en los últimos años en desarrollar mejores contenidos multimedia, poca investigación se ha llevado a cabo hasta la fecha en el estudio del uso que los alumnos hacen de dicho material y en el impacto que el mismo tiene, en un primer momento, en su proceso de aprendizaje, y finalmente, en sus resultados académicos. El objetivo de esta comunicación es determinar el grado de conocimiento y uso que dan los alumnos al material multimedia del que disponen. Este estudio se efectuará en distintas áreas de conocimiento en el ámbito de la ingeniería, la arquitectura y el turismo. Se pretenden identificar el grado de conocimiento que tienen los alumnos de los recursos multimedia de la UPV y el grado de uso que hacen de este material y de otros materiales multimedia disponibles en Internet.Andrés Martínez, DD.; Antonino Daviu, E.; Gisbert Domenech, MC.; Ruiz García, J.; Palomares Chust, A.; Peña Cerdán, A. (2017). ¿Qué recursos didácticos conocen y usan nuestros alumnos?. En In-Red 2017. III Congreso Nacional de innovación educativa y de docencia en red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 269-281. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2017.2017.6878OCS26928

Atomic surface segregation and structural characterization of PdPt bimetallic nanoparticles

"Bimetallic nanoparticles are of interest since they lead to many interesting electrical, chemical, catalytic, and optical properties. They are particularly important in the field of catalysis since they show superior catalytic properties than their monometallic counterparts. The structures of bimetallic nanoparticles depend mainly on the synthesis conditions and the miscibility of the two components. In this work, PdPt alloyed-bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through the polyol method, and characterized using spherical aberration (Cs) corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF)-STEM images of bimetallic nanoparticles were obtained. The contrast of images shows that nanoparticles have an alloy structure with an average size of 8.2 nm. Together with the characterization of nanoparticles, a systematic molecular dynamics simulations study focused on the structural stability and atomic surface segregation trends in 923-atom PdPt alloyed-bimetallic NPs was carried out.

El Principio de Autonomía en la Atención Médica en Colombia y Perú

Issues about ethics and the principle of autonomy in the relationships between health professionals and patients are analyzed with a comprehensive view of the Peruvian and Colombian regulations and jurisprudence, in order to allow dialogue in relation to the responses given around health information. In addition to the above, an analysis is made of the phenomenon of the rights and duties of the parties involved in health care, traditionally focused on the patient but which must recognize the active participation of health professionals. Finally, it addresses the recognition of the principle of autonomy in the doctor-patient relationship as the fundamental axis of the doctor-user relationship, protected by legal systems as the basis of health protection as a fundamental right and as a social right.Las cuestiones acerca de la ética y el principio de autonomía en las relaciones de los profesionales de la salud y los pacientes se analizan con una mirada comprensiva de la normativa y jurisprudencia peruana y colombiana, con el fin de permitir el diálogo en relación con las respuestas que se dan en torno a la información en salud. Además de lo anterior, se realiza un análisis del fenómeno de los derechos y deberes de las partes intervinientes en la atención de la salud, enfocadas tradicionalmente en el paciente pero que deben reconocer la participación activa de profesionales sanitarios. Finalmente aborda el reconocimiento del principio de autonomía en la relación médico-paciente como eje fundamental de la relación médico – usuario, cobijados por los ordenamientos jurídicos como base de la protección de la salud como derecho fundamental y como derecho social

Seguimiento del trabajo no presencial: retroalimentación y optimización

[EN] Within the context of UPV’s project for improving the learning process through innovation, the TASCA group has developed and applied different strategies to assess student’s out-of-class work. This work has allowed us to collect feedback from proposed out-of-class activities, like whether the deadlines for assignments have been under or overestimated, or students’ opinion, to improve thos activities. We have test the usefulness of these strategies in nine different degrees. In general, there is a great variability in the time students devote to a given task and, in some cases, no positive correlation is observed between that time and the obtained results. Hence, by performing this kind of evaluation early in the course it is possible to detect those students that obtained poor marks despite investing a long time in the taks and, provide them meaningful and effective feedback. On the other hand, we monitored the quantity of out-of-class assigments during a year, for a given degree, and we observed that there are different periods of time with a very high concentration of activities. This, obviously, should be avoided. Finally we study how students are perceiving the proposed out-of-class activities and extract information for improving those task and stimulating students’ motivation and paticipation. In this work we present these results and their analysis.[ES] En el marco de los proyectos de innovación y mejora educativa promovidos por la UPV, el grupo TASCA ha desarrollado y aplicado distintas estrategias con el fin de realizar un seguimiento del trabajo no presencial que se asigna a los alumnos. Así es posible determinar la adecuación del tiempo asignado a las tareas no presenciales, obtener información sobre la actividad realizada y la opinión del alumno, con el fin de ejercer retroalimentación y mejora en las actividades propuestas. Se han elaborado distintos cuestionarios con el fin de poder abordar los objetivos propuestos en nueve titulaciones. La estimación del tiempo dedicado al trabajo no presencial ha reflejado una gran la variabilidad entre los alumnos y no siempre se ha encontrado correlación positiva entre el tiempo invertido y la calificación obtenida. Este resultado nos ha llevado a implementar este tipo de evaluación en etapas tempranas del curso con el fin de poder efectuar una retroalimentación en los alumnos que, invirtiendo más tiempo que la media, no obtienen buena calificación. Por otra parte, el seguimiento en distintas etapas del curso nos ha indicado que se producen ciertos picos de trabajo no presencial que podrían saturar al alumno y que convendría evitar. Las respuestas a las cuestiones planteadas y la opinión de los alumnos sobre las actividades efectuadas nos ha ayudado a mejorar las actividades propuestas y a estimular la participación de los mismos. En este artículo se presentan los seguimientos realizados y sus resultados.Este trabajo ha sido desarrollado en el marco del proyecto PIME/2014/A/022/A “Análisis del trabajo no presencial para la retroalimentación alumno-profesor (Renovación del PIME A08/13)” financiado por la Universitat Politècnica de València.Gisbert Domenech, MC.; Antonino Daviu, E.; Peña Cerdán, A.; Palomares Chust, AA.; Andrés Martínez, DD.; Ruiz García, J.; Ballester, J.... (2015). Seguimiento del trabajo no presencial: retroalimentación y optimización. En In-Red 2015 - CONGRESO NACIONAL DE INNOVACIÓN EDUCATIVA Y DE DOCENCIA EN RED. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2015.2015.1565OC