NESSUS (Numerical Evaluation of Stochastic Structures Under Stress)/EXPERT: Bridging the gap between artificial intelligence and FORTRAN

The development of a probabilistic structural analysis methodology (PSAM) is described. In the near-term, the methodology will be applied to designing critical components of the next generation space shuttle main engine. In the long-term, PSAM will be applied very broadly, providing designers with a new technology for more effective design of structures whose character and performance are significantly affected by random variables. The software under development to implement the ideas developed in PSAM resembles, in many ways, conventional deterministic structural analysis code. However, several additional capabilities regarding the probabilistic analysis makes the input data requirements and the resulting output even more complex. As a result, an intelligent front- and back-end to the code is being developed to assist the design engineer in providing the input data in a correct and appropriate manner. The type of knowledge that this entails is, in general, heuristically-based, allowing the fairly well-understood technology of production rules to apply with little difficulty. However, the PSAM code, called NESSUS, is written in FORTRAN-77 and runs on a DEC VAX. Thus, the associated expert system, called NESSUS/EXPERT, must run on a DEC VAX as well, and integrate effectively and efficiently with the existing FORTRAN code. This paper discusses the process undergone to select a suitable tool, identify an appropriate division between the functions that should be performed in FORTRAN and those that should be performed by production rules, and how integration of the conventional and AI technologies was achieved

Evening of baroque music

VideoU School of Music Faculty Concert. Sundays @ 7 Spotlight Concert. "An Evening of Baroque Music." Pamela Palmer Jones, harpsichord. Cheryl Hart, soprano. Lisa Chaufty and Kim Grundvig, recorders. Leslie J. Richards, viola da gamba. Sunday, October 9, 2009. Libby Gardner Concert Hall. 7:00 p.m

An Examination Of The Use Of Assessing Capacity To Stimulate Capacity Building With Nonprofit Organizations

This study is significant for future research and practice of assessing the capacity of nonprofit organizations. More specifically, the results of this study contribute to the current literature and practices on capacity building from both a micro and macro perspective. Executive directors and leaders of nonprofit organizations have insight on how assessing capacity stimulates capacity building in nonprofits. Additionally, the nonprofit sector has knowledge about the significance of assessing capacity to plan and implement capacity building initiatives

Evening of baroque music

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Immune Influence on Adult Neural Stem Cell Regulation and Function

Neural stem cells (NSCs) lie at the heart of central nervous system development and repair, and deficiency or dysregulation of NSCs or their progeny can have significant consequences at any stage of life. Immune signaling is emerging as one of the influential variables that define resident NSC behavior. Perturbations in local immune signaling accompany virtually every injury or disease state, and signaling cascades that mediate immune activation, resolution, or chronic persistence influence resident stem and progenitor cells. Some aspects of immune signaling are beneficial, promoting intrinsic plasticity and cell replacement, while others appear to inhibit the very type of regenerative response that might restore or replace neural networks lost in injury or disease. Here we review known and speculative roles that immune signaling plays in the postnatal and adult brain, focusing on how environments encountered in disease or injury may influence the activity and fate of endogenous or transplanted NSCs

Archaeogenetic evidence of ancient Nubian barley evolution from six to two-row indicates local adaptation

Background Archaeobotanical samples of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) found at Qasr Ibrim display a two-row phenotype that is unique to the region of archaeological sites upriver of the first cataract of the Nile, characterised by the development of distinctive lateral bracts. The phenotype occurs throughout all strata at Qasr Ibrim, which range in age from 3000 to a few hundred years. Methodology and Findings We extracted ancient DNA from barley samples from the entire range of occupancy of the site, and studied the Vrs1 gene responsible for row number in extant barley. Surprisingly, we found a discord between the genotype and phenotype in all samples; all the barley had a genotype consistent with the six-row condition. These results indicate a six-row ancestry for the Qasr Ibrim barley, followed by a reassertion of the two-row condition. Modelling demonstrates that this sequence of evolutionary events requires a strong selection pressure. Conclusions The two-row phenotype at Qasr Ibrim is caused by a different mechanism to that in extant barley. The strength of selection required for this mechanism to prevail indicates that the barley became locally adapted in the region in response to a local selection pressure. The consistency of the genotype/phenotype discord over time supports a scenario of adoption of this barley type by successive cultures, rather than the importation of new barley varieties associated with individual cultures

Literature Review: Barriers to Participation in the Online Learning Environment: The Role of Race and Gender

As the number of adults participating in online learning continues to grow, it is important that adult educators, curriculum designers and the administrators of those programs understand the nature and characteristics of the adult learners filling those programs. Just as there are concerns about the efficacy of learning within traditional classrooms, there needs to be equal concerns about the effectiveness of learning in the online environment. An important question to be addressed--What is the significance of race, ethnicity and gender in the online learning environment

A Voice of Silence: Reentry Adult Black Male Students in Higher Education

While much has been written about the experiences of Black males, there is a dearth of empirical data that explores their educational experiences as adult reentry students into higher education. The goal of this qualitative study is to identify strategies to help support African American males successfully matriculate through college and graduate