Phase synchronization of instrumental music signals

Signal analysis is one of the finest scientific techniques in communication theory. Some quantitative and qualitative measures describe the pattern of a music signal, vary from one to another. Same musical recital, when played by different instrumentalists, generates different types of music patterns. The reason behind various patterns is the psychoacoustic measures - Dynamics, Timber, Tonality and Rhythm, varies in each time. However, the psycho-acoustic study of the music signals does not reveal any idea about the similarity between the signals. For such cases, study of synchronization of long-term nonlinear dynamics may provide effective results. In this context, phase synchronization (PS) is one of the measures to show synchronization between two non-identical signals. In fact, it is very critical to investigate any other kind of synchronization for experimental condition, because those are completely non identical signals. Also, there exists equivalence between the phases and the distances of the diagonal line in Recurrence plot (RP) of the signals, which is quantifiable by the recurrence quantification measure tau-recurrence rate. This paper considers two nonlinear music signals based on same raga played by two eminent sitar instrumentalists as two non-identical sources. The psycho-acoustic study shows how the Dynamics, Timber, Tonality and Rhythm vary for the two music signals. Then, long term analysis in the form of phase space reconstruction is performed, which reveals the chaotic phase spaces for both the signals. From the RP of both the phase spaces, tau-recurrence rate is calculated. Finally by the correlation of normalized tau-recurrence rate of their 3D phase spaces and the PS of the two music signals has been established. The numerical results well support the analysis

Non-linear ultrasonic technique to assess fatigue damage in structural steel

A non-linear ultrasonic technique has been used to assess the fatigue damage in low carbon structural steel. The percentage of total harmonic distortion, which is the ratio of the amplitude of 2nd harmonic and the fundamental, has been introduced as the measurement parameter in this paper. It has also been observed that before crack initiation the 2nd harmonic amplitude is comparable to the fundamental. The results have been analysed in light of the dislocation theory for harmonic generation during material degradation

Pembuatan Aplikasi Crowdsource Untuk Jasa Rumah Tangga Berbasis Android

The search process for domestic services have tended to be difficult because of the lack of centralized information media. The process of offering services performed by service providers is also difficult because of the absence of promotional media that can be accessed by service customers. Based on these requirements, crowdsource application was made for the services of domestic workers that can be a source of information as well as to help connecting service customers with service providers. Crowdsource application for the services of domestic workers is designed into a Service Provider Application, a Service Customer Application, and a Registration and Administrator Website. Registration Website is used to allow users to enroll as a provider. The website also serves for the administrator to accept or reject registration and to activate or deactivate an account. Service Provider Application and Service Customer Application function to communicate with each other in order to reach an agreement of supply and demand services. The results show that the Service Provider Application and Service Customer Application can provide the necessary information and help users communicate, negotiate, and reach an agreement. Review and report violations feature helps to evaluate every element in the application, both service providers, service customers, demand, and supply

Solar PV mini-grids versus large-scale embedded PV generation: A case study of Uttar Pradesh (India)

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Despite significant grid expansion during the last decade, globally India has the highest number of people lacking access to electricity. Mini-grid has been suggested as a possible electrification option and the new mini-grid policy of the state of Uttar Pradesh has attracted global attention. Relatedly, the drive for grid extension restricts off-grid areas to very remote locations and enhances the risks for mini-grid projects. Simultaneously, the pledge for increasing renewable energy share in the power supply mix opens the possibility of large-scale embedded renewable energy generation in the rural areas. This paper investigates the viability of solar PV-based mini-grids using a discounted cash flow analysis and considers the UP-policy prescriptions to explore the case of a megawatt (MW)-scale grid-connected solar PV under a power purchase agreement. It identifies the viability support requirements for both cases under different business conditions. It finds that mini-grids are not a viable proposition if the tariff prescribed in UP is used and that other cost minimising support (such as capital subsidy or low interest debt or an output-based subsidy) would be required to attract private investments. Large-scale solar projects, on the other hand, are more viable and can be an attractive proposition for rural electrification in the Indian context

Some time-delay finding measures and attractor reconstruction

Topologically equivalent attractor reconstruction is one of the major issues in nonlinear analysis. This is because of the fact that the underlying dynamical model of some nonlinear phenomena may not be known and thus it is necessary to retrieve the dynamics from the data it generates. One way to achieve this is the reconstruction of the attractor. The basis of such reconstruction is the famous Taken’s embedding theorem, which asserts that an equivalent phase space trajectory,preserving the topological structures of the original phase space trajectory, can be reconstructed by using only one observation of the time series. However, in some cases topologically equivalent attractor reconstructions can also be done by using multiple observations. All these things involve the choice of suitable time-delay(s) and embedding dimension. Various measures are available to find out the suitable time-delay(s). Among them, linear auto-correlation, Average mutual information, higher dimensional mutual information are mostly used measures for the reconstruction of the attractors. Every measures have certain limitations in the sense that they are not always useful in finding suitable time-delay(s). Thus it is necessary to introduce few more nonlinear measures, which may be useful if the aforesaid measures fail to produce suitable time-delay/time-delays. In this chapter, some comparatively new nonlinear measures namely generalized auto-correlation, Cross auto-correlation and a new type of nonlinear auto-correlation of bivariate data for finding suitable time-delay(s) have been discussed. To establish their usefulness, attractors of some known dynamical systems have been reconstructed from their solution components with suitable time-delay(s) obtained by each of the measures. These attractors are then compared with their corresponding original attractor by a shape distortion parameter Sd. This shape distortion parameter actually checks how much distorted the reconstructed attractor is from its corresponding original attractor. The main objective of this chapter is to address the problem of reconstruction of a least distorted topologically equivalent attractor. The reason is that if the reconstructed attractor is least distorted from its original one, the dynamics of the system can be retrieved more accurately from it. This would help in identifying the dynamics of the corresponding system, even when the dynamical model is not known. Out of the three measures discussed in this chapter, the generalized and cross auto-correlation measures produce least distorted topologically equivalent attractor only by consideration of multiple solution components of the dynamical system. On the other hand, by using the measure—new type of nonlinear auto-correlation of bivariate data, one can reconstruct a least distorted topologically attractor from single solution component of the dynamical system. Various numerical results on Lorenz system, Neuro-dynamical system and also on two real life signals are presented to prove the effectiveness of the aforesaid three comparatively new nonlinear time-delay finding measures. Finding of suitable embedding dimension is another important issue for attractor reconstruction. However, this issue has not been highlighted in this chapter because we have restricted this discussion only to three dimensional attractor reconstruction

Towards Scaling-up of Electricity Access - Summary and Policy Recommendations from OASYS South Asia Project

This paper provides a summary of outputs from the research carried out under EPSRC/ DFID funded research project on off-grid electrification in South Asia. The lessons from the studies are first presented, followed by a set of policy recommendations. Overall, the project finds and demonstrates that off-grid electrification can be an appropriate option for remote areas. However, no single solution fits all situations and a phased development process is more appropriate to take care of different levels of needs, local contexts, and resource availability. Given that mini-grid based local delivery systems can cater to household needs and productive loads, such an option can constitute an effective service delivery option for reliable and good quality electricity in rural areas. While lessons can be learnt from pilot projects, mass electrification requires scaling up of successful initiatives by providing a supportive environment. Ten policy recommendations distilled from various studies undertaken through OASYS South Asia project can guide us in the right direction